SAPONIFIABLE OILS, FATS AND WAXES

185

Ordinary flasks of 200-cc capacity, are cleaned and dried. The oil
or melted fat is dropped in from a weighed bottle until 5 gm, measured
to within one drop, is obtained. The oil must not be left on the neck of
the flask. Record the exact weight. Add 10 cc of alcohol and 2 cc of 50-
per cent sodium hydroxide solution, connect with a reflux condenser and
heat upon the steam bath until the oil is saponified. Remove the con-
denser and evaporate the alcohol on the steam bath. Add 135 cc

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f „ 259 267265253 2512492472*5243 24l;289 237235233281229 227226 223221219217'215 213211209207205203201199197
ap.No. 268258 254 252.250 248.246244 242 240238236234 232.23022822b 224 222220.218210214. 212210206200204202200198196 a

% 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 60 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 50

"—" Saponifrcation Numbers
Lower — Percent Cocoaimt Fat

FIG. 45.—Spitzer and Epple's chart for composition of butter substitutes.

of recently boiled water and warm on the water bath until solution
is complete, then cool. Add two or three pieces of pumice stone or
about 1 gm of crushed porcelain to prevent bumping, then add 10 cc
of the diluted sulphuric acid. Again attach the reflux condenser and heat
on the steam bath until the acids form a clear layer. Connect the flask
with a distilling tube (Fig. 46) and a condenser and distill over a flame at
such a rate that 110 cc shall be obtained in approximately 30 minutes.
The distillate is received in a flask which is graduated to contain 110 cc.
Mix the distillate, and filter through a dry filter to remove traces of insoluble

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