Uttardkhand 197 untouched by the influences at work on both sides of them, viz., in Tibet and India. In fact, it speaks volumes for their character that although they have been for centuries in constant touch with Tibet for business purposes, they have never absorbed into their own simple religion the extravagances of Hinduism or demonology of Lamaism of Tibet. It is significant that while rest of India was reeling under the effects of Islamic expansion and conversion, the Himalayan kingdoms remained safe from the foreign inroads and Islamic influence as a result of which most of the religious beliefs that exist in Uttarakhand are of original character, some of which have already been described elsewhere in this book at appropriate places.