Vol. 37 No. 3 September 2015 Newsletter of the Idaho Native Plant Society • Promoting Interest in Idaho’s Native Flora Journey of a Native Seed Producer By Jacie Jensen, Partner at Thorn Creek Native Seed Farm, Genesee, Idaho Finding the sweet spot between the natural world and the human world is something users and producers of native seed struggle with all the time. Whether seeding a national forest or crop field, we invite disasters when the indus- trial factory model is forced on the land. For any project, native seed users want a seed product of specific quantity, consistent quality, and of genetic specificity. On-demand effi- ciency is required to have seed from field to market-ready in a short turnaround time. However, the natural world works on a differ- ent timeline and with variables controlled by Mother Nature. She teaches us to have pa- tience and to focus on the “system” - not the single species. She wants variability and di- versity, not homogeneity, for surviving in the ever-changing natural world. Her efficiency is based on energy - not time. As native seed farmers, we have learned that what worked last year may not work this year. Variability of wind, snow, rain, heat, cold, soil biology, and many unknowns affect pollination, germina- tion, weed and predator density, weed species, crop rotation, and seed maturation and shed- ding. Our attempt to bring together the natural and the human worlds started on a fourth gen- eration Palouse farm with no-till Palouse crops: wheat, barley, peas, lentils, garbanzos, and canola. In 2004 we were looking for ways to diversify our farm for economic purposes as well as to improve soil health. While searching for native grass and wildflower (forb) seed for our own land restoration projects, we noticed a missing link to restoring and re-establishing the Palouse Prairie. That link was the availab- ility of native seed. The abundance and di- versity of native plants growing on our Palouse Prairie remnant on Paradise Ridge, southeast of Moscow, had us thinking, “If we grow these plants without trying, could we grow them if we tried?” In answering that question, we di- versified our farm to include perennial seed crops, and Thorn Creek Native Seed Farm was born. Thorn Creek Native Seed Farm’s perennial native grass and wildflower crops are crops to be propagated by the buyer. To remove and confirm many of Mother Nature’s variabilities for the buyer, our native seed fields are certi- fied by the Idaho Crop Improvement Associ- ation (ICIA), a quasi-state agency. The ICIA provides to the public traceability of the spe- cies’ genetics, field inspections for noxious weeds and off-type plants, confirmation of seed quality with germination and purity tests (Continued on page 4) In this issue: Native Seed Production 1 Letter from the President 2 Announcements 3 Idaho Mystery Plant 6 Botany Puzzle 6 Palouse Prairie Remnants 7 ERIG - Panhandle Animal Shelter 9 ERIG - Pocatello Zoo 10 Memories of Early INPS Field Trips 11 Chapter News 12 Alternative Turf Tour 13 Idaho Floras and Field Guides 14 Letter from the President I am writing my first letter as fledgling president of the Idaho Nat- ive Plant Society. I think it appropriate to present a short introduction for those of you who may not know me. I live in the small community of Aberdeen in the southeastern region of the state. I work as a professor of horticulture at the University of Idaho's Aberdeen R & E Center, and have been a member of INPS and the Sawabi Chapter since 2005. It could be said that I entered the world of native plants through the back door. Native plants are integrated into my profession, that of horticul- turist. I have created a plant domestication research project, the goal of which is to develop a palette of native plants that can be used in home and commercial landscapes. With a background in horticulture, I have no formal training in botany or taxonomy - disciplines important to my work, but for which I am self-taught. I have always had an interest in our beautiful and amazing wildflowers. My hobbies include hiking in the backcountry, native plant gardening, and wildflower photography. I tackle this new position of president with a bit of trepidation and a fair amount of excitement. Apprehension results from concerns about doing justice to the work of INPS over the next two years. On the other hand, I am eager to work closely with the wonderful people who make up this organization and with whom I share a common devotion - the appreciation and conservation of our amazing native flora. Our recent annual meeting in the Tetons affirmed my opinion about the caliber of people within our Society. I met with the INPS Board, staffed by people who are dedicated to the Society and its mission. I sat around the campfire and shared life stories and native plant trivia with new and old friends. I eagerly participated in presentations and field trips, thereby benefiting from the knowledge of true professionals, accu- mulated through a lifetime of service. I shared incredible natural beauty with those whose awe matches my own. The result - my personal com- mitment to the INPS mission was strengthened, I found increased will- ingness to commit personal time to the organization, and I became more comfortable with my INPS associates. It was a great annual meeting. Amy Taylor of the Wyoming Native Plant Society, and Bob McCoy (plus all of the assisting volunteers) of the Sawabi Chapter deserve our appre- ciation for organizing this wonderful opportunity. I thank all of you for what you do to keep this organization strong. I look forward to meeting more of you as my period of service progresses. I wish you all the best in your personal and societal endeavors. Lastly, may you find that ul- timately rare and elusive wildflower. Yours truly, Stephen Love, President IDAHO NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY PO Box 9451, Boise, ID 83707 www.idahonativeplants.org public3 [at] idahonativeplants.org INPS BOARD President: Stephen Love Vice-president: Vacant Secretary: Janet Bala Treasurer: Elaine Walker Past-president: LaMar Orton Member-at-Large: Mel Nicholls Chapter Presidents CALYPSO CHAPTER 821 W. Mustang Ave. Hayden, ID 83835 President: Derek Antonelli Vice President: Vacant Secretary: Karen Williams Treasurer: Janet Benoit Newsletter: Vacant LOASA CHAPTER 340 E 520 N, Shoshone, ID 83352 President: Kelvin Jones Vice President: Valdon Hancock Secretary/Treasurer: Lois Rohay PAHOVE CHAPTER PO Box 9451 , Boise, ID 83707 pahove. chapter [at] gmail.com President: Karie Pappani Vice President: Elaine Walker Secretary: Daniel Murphy Treasurer: Caroline Morris SAWABI CHAPTER 5901 Country Club Drive Pocatello, ID 83204 President: Bob McCoy Vice President: LaRue Gregersen Secretary: Barbara Nicholls Treasurer: Grant Thomas UPPER SNAKE CHAPTER Currently Inactive WHITE PINE CHAPTER PO Box 8481 , Moscow, ID 83843 whitepine. chapter [at] gmail.com President: Susan Rounds Vice President: Judy Ferguson Secretary: Charlotte Omoto Treasurer: Pamela Pavek WOOD RIVER CHAPTER PO Box 3093, Hailey, ID 83333 President: Cynthia Langlois Vice President: Lisa Horton Secretary: Jeanne Cassell Treasurer: Carol Blackburn Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 2 Refugia to Ridgetop - 2016 INPS Annual Meeting INPS White Pine chapter is hosting the 2016 INPS Annual Meeting near Grangeville, Idaho. Please mark your calendar and plan to join us. The proposed dates are Friday, June 10 through Sunday, June 12, 2016. There will be an optional event on Monday, June 13 for those who wish to stay to see more of this historic and flora-diverse area. The pro- posed camping location is the Fish Creek Group Camp and the Fish Creek Pavilion approximately Mud Springs Ridge. Photo by Judy Ferguson. 8 miles from Grangeville. At this time we an- ticipate two primary field trips, each will be offered twice. The first to areas near the confluence of the Lochsa, Sel- way, and Clear- water Rivers will concentrate on coastal disjuncts of the maritime-like river refugia, the Grand Fir Mosaic with its associ- ated unique flora, and historic sites. The second will examine the flora of the fescue-dominated grass- lands of Mud Springs Ridge on the Clearwater-Nez Perce National Forest and provide views of both the Snake and Salmon River drainages. Further details of these and several other shorter field trips will be announced later via email, Sage Notes and the INPS website. The annual membership dinner and meet- ing will be held Saturday evening, June 11, 2016. Contact: whitepine.chapter [at] gmail.com Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), one of many coastal disjuncts in the Clearwater refugia. Photo by Mike Hays. Idaho Rare Plant Conference - February 2016 The next Idaho Rare Plant Conference has been scheduled for February 9 -11, 2016. This biannual event will be held at the Washington Group Plaza building, in Boise (the same location as in 2014). More informa- tion about the conference will be included in the December issue of Sage Notes. Volunteers helping with the conference can contact Holly Beck. She will notify conference volunteers when the planning stage ap- proaches. Holly can be contacted at hbeck [at] blm.gov. Aquatic Plants Workshop - October 2015 The Pahove Chapter and the College of Idaho are co-sponsoring an Aquatic Plants Identification Work- shop scheduled for October 22 - 23, 2015 at the College of Idaho in Caldwell. The workshop will be limited to the first 24 registrants. Registration forms will be available on the INPS webpage in the near future. The workshop fee has not yet been determined, but will be approximately $50.00 to cover transportation and other costs. The first day of the workshop will be in a classroom setting. The second day will be in the field. Dr. Barbara Ertter will be the lead instructor both days. By October the field season is largely long past, at least on dry land. However, in, on, and around lakes, streams, and other wetlands, delightfully diverse aquatic plants are still going strong. For those willing to get their feet muddy, a whole new world of botanizing opens up, representing families both familiar and other- wise, from Alismataceae to Zoster aceae. Because of the broad spectrum of plants that will be covered, the workshop will focus more on gaining familiarity with families and genera, relying on fresh material and illus- trations rather than keys to species. Please join us if you can. 3 Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 (Continued from page l ) done in a state-approved seed testing lab, and checks that the test results meet federal, regional and/or state standards. If one noxious weed seed, such as dog fennel (noxious in Utah) or cheatgrass, is found in a seed test sample, certification is denied. Certification is a complex process offering a manipulated track (scientific breeding) or the natural track (source- identified and selected), and four seed classes, four seed sources and multiple generation identifications for each track. Here are a few examples: our wild- flower seed is on the natural track with no selection (yellow-tag Source-identified certified). Our grass seed is on both tracks with ‘Anatone’ bluebunch wheatgrass on the natural track with selection (green- tag Selected certified), ‘Sodar’ thickspike wheatgrass on the manipulated track with breeding (blue-tag Variety certified). With the knowledge of Palouse Prairie Founda- tion (PPF) members (a special thanks to Dave Skinner and Trish Heekin), we began with 10 perennial wild- flowers in our seed-increase plot. The original source of our first wildflower seeding was wild-collected seed from Palouse Prairie remnants. These seeds were then planted into a one acre seed-increase plot with each species planted in multiple rows. Seed harvested from the rows was either sold or seeded into a field. Mark Mustoe, Clearwater Seed, assisted us with establish- ing our first Certified Cultivar Class native grass fields. Today we have 590 certified acres of 12 native grass varieties within six grass species, and 38 certi- fied acres of seven native wildflowers species includ- ing little sunflower (Helianthella uniflora), Lewis flax ( Linum lewisii), silky lupine (Lupinus sericeus), Ore- gon sunshine (Eriophyllum lanatum), taperleaf pen- stemon ( Penstemon attenuatus), blanketflower Field of Oregon sunshine. Photo by Jacie Jensen. (Gaillardia aristata) and western yarrow (Achillea millefolium); and 15 other native species in the seed- increase plot. A 11 are rain-fed, and established and maintained with no-till conservation practices. Our income potential is also based on the seed lab test results. Seed is sold in Pure Live Seed (PLS) Sage NotesMol 37 (3) September 2015 pounds. For an example, a blanketflower lab test re- ported 95% purity and 68% germination rate, calcu- lating to a 62.56% Pure Live Seed. Germination can be Wayne Jensen in field of blanketflower. Photo by Jacie Jensen. in the 60-80% range when seed maturity variability is purposely maintained. Out of a 100 lb. bag of blanketflower seed, 62.56 lbs. will germinate. If a buyer pays for 100 PLS pounds of blanketflower, she will receive 159.85 pounds of seed. With dry land farming, it takes 2-3 years before we harvest the first seed. Planting native seed takes patience: first year plants sleep, the second year they creep, and the third year they leap. A perennial field will remain in production for 4-7 years, with an in- crease in plant density often a determining factor on the decision to rotate a field out of perennial native seed production. When we take a field out of grass production, we wait 4 years before we plant it back into native grass. We learned this lesson when we planted blue wild rye (Elymus glaucus) into a field that had mountain brome (Bromus marginatus) three years earlier. The blue wild rye field could not get certified because of the unacceptable percentage of mountain brome. After a year of trying to remove the brome by hand, we decided to take the field out of grass production for the time being. Four years later we still have mountain brome appearing! At this time we choose not to burn our grass or wildflower fields due to our close proximity to Moscow, our desire to maintain organic matter to feed microbes, and re- search findings that fire was historically not a regular occurrence on the Palouse. Decisions like this one are difficult. Controlling weeds and off-type plants in seed production fields is a challenge. Lessons are learned from trial and error - mostly error. Once plants are established in a field (6-12 months), we apply pre- emergent herbicides (inhibiting seed germination) to help control many annual grasses and weeds. During the growing season we walk 3-7 abreast on every grass and wildflower acre multiple times roguing (remov- ing) unwanted plants by hand pulling, hand pulling and bagging, hoeing, or spot-spraying herbicide with a 4 backpack sprayer. The rolling Palouse hills make this an aerobic workout. At times we will mow part or a whole field rather than fail to meet certification standards due to weeds such as cheatgrass. Mechan- ical tillage between rows of wildflowers can be a tool used for weed control, but we do not consider this an option on our farm. Our concern for soil health and erosion on our Palouse hills outweighs the benefit of tillage. Up to this point we have been able to depend on native bees from our natural lands to pollinate our wildflower fields. As we move our native wildflower production fields farther from our natural lands and into larger fields, we forsee the day when honey bees will have to be called in to assist. Currently, we have honeybees brought in for only our clover seed crops. Another challenge on the farm includes balancing our dependence on beneficial insects and protecting the seeds and plants from insect damage. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a tool we use on our farm; for example, we scout for beneficial in- sects as well as insect pests before we decide on any required action. Finding this balance is particularly difficult with crops that depend on pollinators. A lesson we learned in 2007 was to not plant a pea field, or any other crop known to have aphid problems, next to wildflower fields. We decided not to spray the aphids, and we lost the field of peas which was a large economic loss. The silver lining of that decision is that we still have many native bees. Every year we have an unidentified larva species in the silky lupine pods damaging the seeds. Thankfully, we often have a beneficial predatory lar- vae in the same pods chewing on the larvae causing the damage. Our new challenge is preventing an unidentified moth caterpillar ( Heliothis spp.) from chewing into the seed pods of Spalding catchfly (Si- lene spaldingii ). Two years ago we contracted with a public agency to produce seed of this rare and threatened plant species. With bumble bees as the primary pollinator, our concern of neonicotinoids prompted us to use Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and insecticidal soap. Bt is not an effective control on He- liothis family, so for now we are picking off the cater- pillars. University of Idaho extension professor, Dr. Ed Bechinski, published research from Oregon’s Zumwalt prairie, and PPF members provide informa- tion to help identify this persistent moth. We fre- quently work with university and USDA plant material center professionals, native seed growers, and native plant enthusiasts to find solutions to our many challenges. Method and timing of seed harvest depend on the species. The harvest process begins in May and goes until the end of August, with asters and goldenrods harvested from September into October. Fields great- er than Y4 acre are mechanically harvested. A swather cuts and windrows the plants. The plants lay in win- drows long enough to dry, but before the plant sheds its seed. We have found silky lupine releases seed in one day, blue wild rye is within a week, and California brome ( Bromus carinatus ) can be two weeks. A com- bine with a special header picks up a windrow, thrashes seed from the plant, and returns some of the unwanted plant material to the field. Modifications are made to our combines to handle very small, light seeds, such as for western yarrow. With each species of grass and wildflower we harvest, we will spend an hour or more setting the combines so seeds are not thrown out with the other plant material. In our one-acre seed- increase plot we use mechanical and human labor, depending on the species. Rows of prairie smoke ( Geum triflorum ) are harvested with a Shop Vac. Other plot species are cut with a swather. Then plants are transported to various thrashers to separate the seed from the plant. After collecting seed in the field, another operation begins - cleaning the seed by separating it from the chaff. Our native grass crop and a few of our wild- flower crops are delivered to Clearwater Seed in Culdesac, Idaho, to be cleaned. Before the seed leaves the cleaning plant, a seed sample is sent to a state- approved seed testing lab. The time it takes to harvest, clean, test, and package for delivery is 2 to 4 months. Most of our wildflower seed is cleaned at Thorn Creek Native Seed Farm, a licensed seed conditioner with the State of Idaho. Native seed production complements our philo- sophy in farming with a focus on stewardship of the land as we strive to find that sweet spot between the (Continued on page 6) Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 Swather cutting western yarrow into windrows. Photo by Jacie Jensen 5 (Continued from page 5) natural world and the human world. We see our daily farm challenges as opportunities. We like producing native seed and look forward to offering quality native seed to our natural lands. “Seeds transcend that ima- ginary boundary we erect between the natural world and the human world...” (The Triumph of Seeds, Thor Hansen, author and University of Idaho graduate). It is this boundary that Thorn Creek Native Seed Farm, and many users and growers of native seed attempt to find. Thorn Creek Native Seed Farm provides tours of our operation and of Palouse prairie remnants on the property. Both provide great opportunities to educate the public about native plants and pollinators! If I am not available for a tour, people are welcome to walk Seed cleaning equipment. Photo by Jacie Jensen. the prairie or visit our native plant field plots on their own. For contact and other information please visit our website: www.nativeseedfarm.com. Idaho Mystery Plant This photo was taken by Nancy Miller (INPS, White Pine Chapter) on Coolwater Ridge above the Selway River in Idaho County, Idaho. What is your guess? The answer will be revealed in the next edition of Sage Notes. The Idaho Mystery Plant in the June 2015 issue was Old Man of the Mountain, also sometimes re- ferred to as graylocks four-nerved daisy C Hymenoxys grandifiora ; synonym = Tetraneuris grandiflora) in the aster family. It occurs in upper supalpine and alpine meadows. Its distribution includes mountain ranges in east-central Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado. Have an Idaho Mystery Plant to share? Send it in to the editor: sage-editor [at] idahonativeplants.org. - M. Mancuso Botany Puzzle Plant Anatomy Word Jumble Unscramble these jumbles to name 5 plant parts. Arrange the underlined letters to answer this plant anatomy puzzle: You will not see me without digging around. L S I P_l L DRETNLI 146 1 T horn Cree k RcjGenesee, Idaho 83832 www.nativeseedfarm.com “We are a 4th- generation family farm where the plants and the people are deeply rooted in the heritage of the land.” waijM ciiA d jade SEMTTOA IZHOERM OYDCENTOL Answers on Page 12 Bringing you authentic native forb seed from the Inland Northwest grasslands. • Source-identified and certified seed. • Grown on the fertile fields of the Palouse. • 20 species available in packets, by 1/4 Oz., to Lb. increments. • Prairie mixes and custom mixes available. Visit us at Thom Creek Native Seed Farm: www.nativeseedfarm.com info@nativeseedfarm.com (208) 596-9122 Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 6 Palouse Prairie— Remnants From The Past By Brenda Erhardt, White Pine Chapter The Palouse Prairie is a unique ecosystem that supports a rich variety of wildlife and plants and one of its best features is the quantity and diversity of wildflowers. From early spring to late fall, there is always something blooming on the Palouse. Unfor- tunately, non-native invasive species have infested large portions of the existing Palouse Prairie rem- nants and some of these weeds threaten to displace many of the native plants that set this place apart. Fortunately, landowners and land managers are working together to protect, maintain, and improve the condition of these prairie remnants and the sur- rounding areas. The Palouse Prairie is a bunchgrass grassland located in northern Idaho and southeastern Wash- ington. Less than 1% of the Palouse Prairie plant community remains, making it one of the most en- dangered ecosystems on the planet. Although the majority of the Palouse Prairie has been converted to agriculture, there are pockets that showcase the plants that historically blanketed this rolling land- scape. These prairie remnants are located primarily on private land in areas that were too steep or too rocky to farm. The dominant native grasses on the Palouse are bluebunch wheatgrass ( Pseudoroegner - ia spicata) and Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis ) Palouse Prairie remnant on Paradise Ridge south of Moscow, Idaho. Photo by Brenda Erhardt. with Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), prairie jun- egrass (. Koeleria macrantha ), and blue wildrye C Elymus glaucus) mixed in. The bunchgrass struc- ture is partially responsible for the high percentage of wildflowers in the Palouse Prairie, as bunch- grasses leave interspaces for wildflowers and low- growing shrubs to fill in. In fact, the proportion of 7 Brenda Erhardt, Palouse prairie remnant on Paradise Ridge south of Moscow, Idaho. Photo by Mike Mancuso. forbs to grasses is much higher than grasses to forbs. This high density of wildflowers makes for a stun- ning landscape when the prairie is in bloom and sets the Palouse Prairie apart from other prairie systems in North America where grasses are the more dom- inant lifeform. This incredible forb diversity can be witnessed throughout the growing season. As early as February the sagebrush buttercup C Ranunculus glaberrimus) and Great Basin Indian potato ( Orogenia linearifo- lid) peek out in the sunny rock outcrops. Yellow bells C Fritillaria pudica), grass widows ( Sisyrinchium in- flatum ), and glacier lilies ( Erythronium grandiflor- um) follow soon after. May and June are real showstoppers on the Palouse with arrowleaf bal- samroot (. Balsamorhiza sagittata), little sunflower (. Helianthella uniflora), western larkspur (. Delphinium nuttallianum), prairie smoke ( Geum triflorum). paintbrush species ( Castilleja spp.), Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana), and dozens more gar- nishing the slopes with bright colors. As the days become warmer and drier Wyeth buckwheat (Eriogonum heracleoides ), blanketflower (Gaillar- dia aristata), and lupine species (Lupinus sericeus, L. laxiflorus, and L. leucophyllus) continue to bloom and provide food for pollinators. Finally, as summer turns to fall, western aster (Symphyotrichum spathulatum), nettleleaf horsemint (Agastache ur- ticifolia), Missouri goldenrod (Solidago missouri- ensis), and prairie gentian (Gentiana affinis) provide splashes of color and are a late nectar source for pollinators as dormancy sets in for the rest of the plant community. (Continued on page 8) Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 (Continued from page 7) Palouse Prairie remnants are diverse, but they are also small, highly fragmented and mostly located on private land. Given the large number of landown- ers who own and manage the remnants, it is difficult to coordinate and prioritize restoration efforts. To help solve these issues, Idaho Natural Heritage Pro- gram botanists took on a multi-year effort to map and survey Palouse Prairie remnants in Latah County. The Palouse Grassland survey was designed to identify Palouse Prairie remnants, assess the con- dition and quantify the size of these remnants, com- pile plant lists, and note the presence of rare plants. This effort was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the end product has been used to identi- fy and prioritize properties for future restoration projects. Working with landowners to restore and protect these natural areas is an ongoing effort which aims to promote the native plant community and its asso- ciated wildlife. Weed control in existing remnants and the surrounding areas, conversion of non-native grass stands to natives, and inter-seeding native wildflowers into non-native grass stands to promote pollinator pathways are just a few of the ways that landowners are protecting their prairie remnants and thereby supporting the wildlife and pollinators that rely on them. Given the presence of invasive species on the Palouse, weed control is at the forefront of most res- toration efforts. In particular, the spread of ven- tentata ( Ventenata dubia) throughout the prairie remnants and surrounding fields has been well doc- umented on the Palouse for over a decade. Ven- tenata is a non-native and invasive annual grass that has infested prairie remnants and effectively dis- places the native grass component of the Palouse Prairie. Couple this with the presence of rush skelet- onweed (Chondrilla juncea), yellow starthistle ( Cen - taurea solstitialis ), and tall oatgrass ( Arrhenatherum elatius), and the threats seem too daunting to overcome. One of the best ways to com- bat these weed invasions is to scout for invaders and control them before they are present in large num- bers. Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) is an approach to weed control that aims to eliminate weed invasions before they are past the point of eradication. Containment is sometimes a more real- istic strategy for larger invasions of species that are already prevalent across the landscape. In these cases, landowners focus on preventing the spread of invasive plants while attempting to shrink borders Sage NotesMol 37 (3) September 2015 Little sunflower. Photo by Trish Heekin. Nootka rose. Photo by Brenda Erhardt. Prairie smoke. Photo by Brenda Erhardt. and keep them contained in their current location. This is a systematic and time-consuming approach, but the effort is worthwhile if widespread invasions are reduced. We are fortunate to have weed re- searchers at both the University of Idaho and 8 Washington State University working on weed con- trol methods for a variety of old and new plant in- vaders. This knowledge helps landowners and land mangers adapt to the ever growing challenges weed invasions pose. Removal of invasive weeds is an important step in restoration, but these efforts often leave a void on the landscape. Revegetation is a critical component to restoration efforts as the removal of one invasive plant species can leave space for reinvasion by an- other. Seeding or planting native plants can help fill these open niches with desirable native species. Choosing locally-sourced native plants to revegetate following weed control efforts is an important part of prairie restoration efforts, and we are fortunate to have locally-sourced grass and wildflower seeds available on the Palouse. Using native and locally- sourced stock is important as these plants are adap- ted to our local soils and climate. Being able to pur- chase these seeds from reliable sources enhances our native restoration efforts and helps to ensure their success in the future. The Palouse is special and the prairie remnants found within provide critical wildlife and pollinator habitat. The variety of large and small mammals, birds, bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects who utilize the prairie to find food and shelter provide richness and a number of ecosystem services to the greater community. The native flora and fauna are also important cultural resources as their pres- ence provides a snapshot of the past. Few Palouse Prairie remnants are left, which makes their conser- vation, preservation and restoration all the more important. The next two articles were submitted to meet one of the requirements to receive an Education, Research, Inventory Grant (ERIG) award from IN PS. Namely, to submit an article for Sage Notes that summarizes the project for which the award was received. Native Plants at the Panhandle Animal Shelter By Mandy Evans, Panhandle Animal Shelter The Panhandle Animal Shelter (PAS), located in Ponderay, near Sandpoint in northern Idaho, is con- sidered a high-traffic area facility. Because of this excellent exposure within the community it provides an ideal site to highlight native plants and to educate the public about their benefits in public landscapes. The PAS moved into a new 27,000 square foot building (donated) at the end of 2008. After the move, PAS faced an enormous challenge when the grounds became over- grown with weeds, even receiving com- ments and complaints about how the un- sightly front yard ruined the look of the beautiful new building. Unfortunately, there was no budget to help tackle this problem and no easy solu- tion. Options originally presented were either ex- pensive or would require a massive amount of work from staff or volunteers. Hours spent working on this problem would directly take away from time caring for the over 1200 dogs and cats staying at the animal shelter during the year. The shelter was blessed to have a volunteer come forward. Gail Bolin, a member of the Calypso Chapter of the Idaho Native Plant Society, stepped up to work on a solution - developing a plan, researching planting options, and helping to secure grant money and volunteers. The plan was to create a native plant landscape that would be more in- viting and offer the public an opportunity to learn about our local native plants. As part of the fundraising effort, PAS applied for, and was awarded funds from INPS through their ERIG program in 2012. During 2012 and 2013, PAS had 200 people pulling weeds, rototilling, moving plants, planting new native plants, and much more. In ad- (Continued on page 10) Planting day at Panhandle Animal Shelter. Photo by Many Evans Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 9 (Continued from page 9) benefits of planting native. Our shelter can now be a dition, PAS partnered with a Sandpoint High School location to educate people on the importance and class to help place plants in the ground at the shel- beauty of native plants. We greatly appreciated ter. funds received from INPS that allowed us to pur- Though the project still has a long way to go, we chase native plants used for this project. On behalf are pleased with the progress and look forward to of the PAS, Sandpoint High School, and all the vo- seeing the beautiful plants each spring. Gail helped lunteers who helped, we thank INPS for providing us gain new volunteers with an interest in native the seed money to help us get this project off the plants and encouraged us to pursue the long term ground. Wild About Idaho's Native Plants: Pocatello Zoo By Cory Coffman, Education Curator at the Pocatello Zoo In the spring of 2013, the Pocatello Zoo was awarded a $985 grant from the Idaho Native Plant Society to put together a Wild About Idaho’s Native Plants exhibit. The Pocatello Zoo specializes in ex- hibiting animals native to the Intermountain West and acts as a sanc- tuary by taking in animals that can- not survive on their own in the wild. The animals living at the Poca- tello Zoo are am- bassadors for their wild counterparts and allow people an up-close look at the creatures that their daily lives impact. As we edu- cate people about the animals in our backyard, we can- not forget the nat- ive plants and habitats that they rely upon to survive. The Wild About Idaho's Native Plants exhibit allows people to experience an im- proved sense of place by learning to identify native plants that they see when they go on walks or hikes throughout Idaho. The education department worked with our summer camp groups to participate in service learn- ing, and prepared the area for our native plant ex- hibit. The area had to be tilled, weeded and cleared of debris. The children also helped with the planning and planting process of the exhibit. In the fall, a group of Pocatello Community Charter School stu- Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 dents helped with maintenance at the exhibit as a service learning project associated with their exped- itionary learning. The students also spent a day transplanting sagebrush from other areas in the zoo into the exhibit. The second part of the grant allowed for educational signage to be made about the native plants that we planted. A sign was designed to teach people about plant identific- ation tips, their uses by anim- als, and some other fun facts. The project was not without challenges, in- cluding one which came in the furry form of the yellow- bellied marmot. We discovered that marmots enjoy the vari- ety of leafy, flowering native plants. Challenges aside, the hope is that visitors to the zoo will gain a deeper under- standing and inspire curiosity for Idaho's native plants. 10 Memories Of Two Early Pahove Chapter Field Trips By Lynda Smithman, Pahove Chapter 1980s - A Fall Season Trip on the Boise River Botanizing by canoe was clearly one of Pahove's more unusual early field trips. First of all, Roger Rosentreter, accompanied by Jay and Lynda Smith- man, and Gordon and Barbara Pierce, set out to de- termine if this was even feasible. Roger had to teach his companions how to get around some of the check dams as well as how to navigate upstream from time- to-time. All went reasonably well. A week or so later there was an official Pahove ex- cursion on the Boise River, travelling from Linder Road to the town of Star. Roger traveled solo; the Pierces had their own canoe; Joe Duft shared a canoe with his son Steve; Carol Prentice and Jay were part- ners in one canoe with Lynda and Carolyn Sherman in another. Lynda and Carolyn, both of whom are dyslexic under stress, tried to stay out of sight from the rest of the group as they spent some time travel- ing in circles. Joe and his son hit a curve in the river at a wrong angle and sunk up to their necks before our eyes. Carolyn did not understand sweeper trees and let one pull her out of Lynda's canoe (usually the canoe capsizes when this happens but Lynda was able to stay upright). Otherwise everyone survived and had a good time. We were looking for water-hyssop ( Bacopa ro- tundifolio ) and other fall riparian species. Initially, nothing unusual was found. We tried to collect the introduced wild carrot (Daucus carota ) but had trouble avoiding the also introduced poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), so our specimens were use- less. Finally the long-sought-after water-hyssop was collected on a ditch bank in the Star-Middleton area by Pat Herbal, a nurse and friend of Pat Packard, who always looked forward to reporting on this species at the Idaho rare plant conferences. June 1985 - Rebecca Sand Hill RNA Roger Rosentreter led the field trip to Rebecca Sand Hill Research Natural Area (RNA), located on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) property near Weiser, Idaho. The RNA was established for the con- servation of Mulford's milkvetch (Astragalus mulfordiae), a species on the INPS rare plant list and a BLM Special Status plant species for both Idaho and Oregon. One of Pahove and INPS goals was (and still is) to bring together individuals from all walks of life who share an interest in natural resources and plant conserva- tion. The list of individuals who participated in that field trip clearly exempli- fied the synergy our founders an- ticipated. Our out-of- area guests in- cluded two folks from northern Idaho - Chuck Wellner, a leading force getting RNAs established throughout Idaho, and Dick Bingham, well-known for his forestry re- search (see tributes to Chuck Wellner in Sage Notes, Summer 1998 and to Dick Bingham, May 2011). Pahove member and Weiser resident Betty Derig also joined us. She had authored various publications which include Weiser the Way it Was, Roadside His- tory of Idaho, and with Margaret Fuller, Wild Berries of the West. INPS Charter members present included Jay and Lynda Smithman, Jerry Cross and Joe Duft (see a tribute to Jerry and Joe in Sage Notes, Sept.- Dec. 2014) and local apple grower, Jon Trail. With his past experience as President of the Idaho Horticultural Society and his long-standing association with the University of Idaho's agricultural research programs, Jon has served as the INPS liaison with Idaho Weed Coordination Council. All of us toured the Rebecca Sand Hill RNA and discussed threats, including those encountered else- where such as along the Boise Front. Meanwhile Ro- ger's student assistant Blaine Moore dug up a specimen of Mulford's milkvetch to determine the plant's root depth. Everyone was impressed by the extremely long roots. At the conclusion of the tour, Jon Trail invited the group to visit his sand hill just inside the Payette County line as he believed Mulford's milkvetch grew there, too. This was confirmed and the Trail family's (Continued on page 12) Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 Chuck Wellner with Mulford’s milkvetch. Photo by Roger Rosentreter. 11 (Continued from page 11 ) private land is now protected by a conservation ease- ment with the Treasure Valley Land Trust. Joe Duft was pleased to find one of his favorites, brittle cactus (Opuntiafragilis) there. Several years later Cronquists hackelia (Hackelia cronquistii ), another rare plant species, was found on the Trail property. But that is a story for another day. INPS Chapter News CALYPSO CHAPTER Upcoming Events: October 7: Chapter meeting will be held at 7:00 pm at the Idaho Fish and Game Office at 2885 W. Kath- leen Avenue, Coeur d' Alene. Emily Nightingale will give a presentation on her research on the Hayden Lake Floating Treatment Project to improve water quality. Contact: Derek Antonelli, antonelli8 [at] frontier.com LOASA CHAPTER All members and the public are welcome to attend chapter events. When: Meetings are held the third Thursday of each month. Where: Taylor Building, Room 258, College of Southern Idaho, Twin Falls Contact: Kelvin Jones, (208) 886-7051 PAHOVE CHAPTER The 2015/2016 season begins in September. Your continued support and involvement throughout this upcoming season is greatly appreciated. When: Meeting are held each month September through April. Exact meeting dates to be announced shortly. Where: Meetings are usually held at the MK Nature Center (600 S. Walnut St., Boise). Contact: For more information about Pahove Chapter activities please visit the INPS website or contact chapter president, Karie Pappani at pahove. chapter.president [at] gmail.com. Upcoming Events: Dates and topics provided here are tentative. Updated information will be sent to Pahove members via postcard and email. Events are also posted under the Pahove Chapter page of the INPS website. September: Kick-off Pizza Party Our season kick-off party will be held at the Idaho Botanical Garden. Join us for food, drink, socializ- ing, and to elect officers. September 18: Plant walk in the Boise Foothills with the Idaho Botanical Garden; 6 pm. October 13: Sheldon Bluestein will tantalize us with "Idaho's High Desert Plants." November: "Journey to Australia" presented by Ann DeBolt. December: Annual Holiday Party - Location TBA SAWABI CHAPER Sawabi Chapter offers at least one evening and one Saturday trip each month From May to September. The public is always invited. Contact: Ardvs/Karl Holte, ardysholte [at] cableone.net (208) 232-6563, or Grant Thomas at thomasgm60 [at] outlook.com, (208) 237-5317 Upcoming Events: September 19: Sawabi will celebrate an end-of-the- field-trip season in Goodenough Canyon. Ruth Moorhead will lead the hike among fall colors and flora, followed by a chili potluck. UPPER SNAKE CHAPTER The Upper Snake Chapter is currently inactive. Contact: Rose Lehman, jojorose [at] cableone.net If anyone is interested in reviving the chapter, they are welcome to contact Rose. WHITE PINE CHAPTER When: Meetings are held once a month during the spring and fall. Field trips occur most any month. Please check the chapter website at www.whitep- ineinps.org for events which may be scheduled or finalized after Sage Notes is printed; or email the chapter officers at whitepine. chapter [at] gmail.com. Where: 1912 Center, 412 East Third St., Moscow (between Adams and Van Buren) Contact: INPS, White Pine Chapter, PO Box 8481, Moscow, ID 83843 or whitepine. chapter [at] gmail.com. WOOD RIVER CHAPTER Contact: Carol Blackburn, blackburncrl [at] yahoo.com for information on activities. Botany puzzle answers (from page 6) Pistil, Tendril, Stomate, Rhizome, Cotyledon, Taproot Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 12 Alternative Turf Tour, Boise On August 15, the Pahove Chapter led a free, 31/2 hour Alternative Turf Tour, looking at seven Boise-area properties landscaped WITHOUT tradi- tional green lawns. It only took a few hours to fill the 50 registration tour slots because the Idaho Statesman newspaper gave the event front-page coverage. The public was very interested in seeing these attractive water-saving solutions to typical turf lawns and we couldn’t have been happier to have such a great response. Ann DeBolt located most sites, which included the 22 turf-sample dis- play at the Idaho Botanical Garden; the BLM’s Fire- wise Garden adjacent to the Botanical Garden; three yards in very different locations combining grasses, and native forbs and shrubs; a very steep hillside yard against the foothills which has been restored with native plants over 24 years; and a wonderful thyme lawn. At each stop, comments by Ann and usually the homeowner provided useful in- sights for the inquisitive tour-goers. Some of the topics included water management, different types of irrigation systems, maintenance, and personal stories about how these yards came to be estab- lished. This was true community outreach, attract- ing few folks previously acquainted with INPS. We distributed membership flyers to everyone! As a related resource, we developed and posted on the Pahove section of the INPS website (idahon- ativeplants.org) a list of Boise-area landscapers who specialize in native and xeric planting, and other such plant suppliers. A second list includes Intermountain Region native and xeric plant nurs- eries and seed companies. Photos by Caroline Morris. The Pahove Chapter hopes to hold a similar tour in the future. - Caroline Morris pUfcSfcnt mi Tfcryn, (tonta-iner- fjroiVn conij'e-r see-^tinas a-n^ ffclt 7U$£ are-a- native- forfa reforestation, restoration, a* w{ la,nfycO'j)in(j. 1101 An^cnon £.<[. Troy, Ip *?*71 Z0F-F77-14-M yrnMon@yMiCoW.coyn, DRAG GIN* WING HIGH DESERT NURSERY Growing native and xeric landscape plants for the Intermountain West OPEN APRIL THROUGH JUNE AND SEPTEMBER WEDNESDAY-SATURDAY 10 am to 5 pm Come and see our extensive demonstration gardens! Our nursery is located at the end of Stinger Street, off of Castle Drive, near Hill Road, Boise For plant lists, photos, directions and more see www.waterthriftyplants.com. We can help you design your landscape and choose the appropriate plants! 13 Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 Idaho Floras, Field Guides, and Plant Identification References By Lynn Kinter, Pahove Chapter Technical keys that cover all vascular plants - a partial list Barnes, B. 2015 (updated continually). Flora ID Northwest: Interactive Plant Keys and Color Photos for Idaho: All Nat- ive and Naturalized Vascular Plants. Flora ID Northwest, Pendleton. [A user-friendly DVD, also available as an app; available for the whole Northwest, or only Idaho.] Cronquist, A., A.FI. Flolmgren, N.H. Flolmgren, J.R. Reveal, P.K. Flolmgren etal., 1972-2012. Intermountain Flora. Columbia University Press, New York. [Great for s Idaho; 6 volumes in an 8-book set, so too big to carry in a pack.] Davis, R.J. 1952. Flora of Idaho. William C. Brown Co., Dubuque. [The only flora written specifically for Idaho. The names are out-dated, but still useful.] Flitchcock, C.L., & A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle. [A classic; its somewhat out-of-date, but still much used.] Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, & J.W. Thompson. 1955-1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle. [The expanded version of Hitchcock & Cronquist 1973; 5 vol.] St. John, H. 1963. Flora of Southeastern Washington and of adjacent Idaho. Outdoor Pictures, Escondido. Keys and field guides that cover certain groups or areas Anderton, L.K. & M.E. Barkworth. 2009. Grasses of the In- termountain Region. Utah State University Press, Logan. Cooper, D.J. 1989. A Handbook of Wetland Plants of the Rocky Mountain Region. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver. Hermann, F.J. 1970. Manual of the Carices of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Agriculture Handbook 374. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Hermann, F.J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. General Technical Report RM-18. USDA Forest Service, Ft. Collins. Hoag, C. et al. 2008. Field Guide for the Identification and Use of Common Riparian Woody Plants of the Intermoun- tain West and Pacific Northwest Regions. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Aberdeen. Glennon, J.M., K.E. Holte, & B.P. Ronald. 2014. ANomen- clatural Revision of Ray J. Davis' Flora of Idaho Poaceae (Gramineae) Including New Additions and Revised Keys. Idaho Museum of Natural History, ISU, Pocatello. Hurd, M., et al. 1997. Field Guide to Intermountain Rushes. General Technical Report INT-306. USDA Forest Service, Ogden. Hurd, M., et al. 1998. Field Guide to Intermountain Sedges. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-10. USDA Forest Service, Ogden. Patterson, P.A., et al. 1985. Field Guide to Forest Plants of Northern Idaho. General Technical Report INT-180. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden. Skinner, Q.D. 2014. Field Guide to Wyoming Grasses. University of Wyoming Extension, Laramie. University of Idaho Rangeland Center & Idaho Rangeland Resource Comm. 2013. Backpack Guide to Idaho Range Plants. 7th ed. Ul Rangeland Center & ID Rangeland Re- source Comm. Vizgirdas, R. 2007. A Guide to Plants of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. Univ. of Utah Press, SLC. Wilson, B.L., et al. 2008. Field Guide to the Sedges of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State Univ. Press, Corvallis. Non-technical guides to idaho wildflowers - Many habitats Central Rocky Mountain Wildflowers, by H. Wayne Phillips, 1999 - This covers nw OR, central ID, nw WY, and sw MT. It includes 269 species, with representatives of the main families and genera. Often a genus with many species has only one species shown. Also, it only covers species with showy flowers, no grasses, conifers, mosses, etc. It is arranged by color, with lots of photos. Plants of the Rocky Mountains, by Linda J. Kershaw, Jim Pojar, & Andy MacKinnon, 1998 - This covers much of the Rockies. It includes 1362 species, with representatives of nearly all families, and sometimes several species within a genus. In addition to showy flowers, it covers grasses, many trees, mosses, liverworts, and lichens. Arranged by family, with a key to direct the reader, and lots of photos. Idaho Wildflowers App. 2015 - Available from High Country Apps. Developed by several herbaria. Non-technical guides to idaho wildflowers - Mountains Idaho Mountain Wildflowers, by A. Scott Earle with Jane Lundin, 2008 - This is a lovely book suitable for the coffee table. Its arranged by families, so might be difficult without basic knowledge of the families (simple field guides tend to be arranged by color and/or shape). Mountain Wildflowers of Idaho, by Marjorie D. Boren, 1989 A nice little book covering ~ 100 common species, with a photo of each. Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 14 Alpine Wildflowers of the Rocky Mountains, by Joseph F. Duft and Robert K. Moseley, 1989 - Covers 300 species from the Rocky Mountains. Arranged by family, it focuses on common showy wildflowers, plus a few trees and ferns, and gives a solid description and photo of each species. Non-technical guides to idaho wildflowers - Plains A Field Guide to Plant of the Boise Foothills, by Jamie Utz, Michael Pellant, and Jessica Gardetto, 2013 -A pocket guide of 73 species. It covers the common shrubs, forbs, and grasses with a photo and brief information, and is ar- ranged alphabetically within lifeform. Common Wildflowers of Southern Idaho, by Bureau of Land Management, 201 2 - A pocket guide to 90 species of BLM lands. It covers showy forbs and a few shrubs with a photo and brief information, and is arranged by color. Wildflowers of the Boise Foothills, by Karen Weinberg, 2011 - A pocket guide of 73 species. It covers the showy forbs and a few shrubs with a photo and brief information, and is arranged by flowering date. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary, by Ronald J. Taylor, 1992. This covers s ID, w WY, e OR, UT, NV, and beyondthe sagebrush steppe. It highlights over 200 com- mon shrubs and forbs, and a few grasses, and is arranged by family with a photo and description of each species. Guides to non-native plants of Idaho 1200 Weeds of the 48 State and Adjacent Canada, by Rich Old, 2015 (frequent updates) - This DVD covers es- sentially all noxious and obnoxious weeds that we might encounter in Idaho and across the U.S. It is an easy-to- use interactive key with a county-level distribution map and photos of each species, and an illustrated glossary. The key can be narrowed quickly by geographic area to consider only species of that area; -1200 species covered, of which -660 occur in Idaho, xidservices.com/ Weeds of the West, by Tom D. Whitson et al., 2006 (9th edition) - This book covers many weeds in considerable detail, each with 2-3 photographs. It includes some native species, such as big sagebrush and lupine, which are not desirable livestock forage. It includes a key to family only. -300 species covered; 628 pp. Northwest Weeds, by Ronald J. Taylor, 1990 - This book covers most common weeds in some detail, each with a photograph. Includes some native species, such as annual sunflower and doveweed, that are pioneer (ruderal) spe- cies. Does not include key; -175 species covered; 177 pp. Common Weeds of the United States, by USDA Agricultur- al Research Service, 1971 - This book covers many com- mon weeds in considerable detail, each with very detailed line drawings and a range map. It includes some native species that are pioneer species. It does not include a key; -220 species covered; 463 pp. Flerbarium databases Consortium of Pacific Northwest Flerbaria http://www.pnwherbaria.org/data/search.php Intermountain Region Flerbarium Network http://intermountainbiota.org/portal/index.php New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/vii2.asp.html Range maos of native and non-native plants of the U.S. North American Plant Atlas, by the Biota of North America Program (BONAP) - Includes county-level maps, and other types of synthesis map. www.bonap.org PLANTS Database, by USDA Natural Resources Conser- vation Service - Provides information, including distribution maps, for plants of the US and its territories. plants.usda.gov Flora of North America North of Mexico, by Flora of North America Editorial Committee - Includes keys, distribution maps, and detailed descriptions of North American plants, though not all families have been completed yet. floranorthamerica.org General plant identification Botany in a Day: The Patterns Method of Plant Identifica- tion, by Thomas J. Elpel, 2013 -A great foundation that emphasizes learning the families first, based on key traits. Botany for Gardeners, by Brian Capon, 2010 - 1 havent read this, but online reviews by lay botanists are excellent, and the author is a long-time university botanist. Flow to Identify Plants, by FI.D. Flarrington, 1957 - Classic. Flow to Identify Grasses and Grass-like Plants, by FI.D. Flarrington, 1977 -Another classic. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary, by James G. Harris and Melinda W. Harris, 2001 - Avery helpful tool. Authoritative websites for current plant names The Plant List, by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and Missouri Botanical Garden - Includes >1,000,000 species names from around the world, theplantlist.org Integrated Taxonomic Information System, by several US government agencies - Covers the US and Canadian flora. ITIS.gov Also, Flora of North America North of Mexico, listed above. 15 Sage Notes Vol. 37 (3) September 2015 IDAHO NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY PO Box 9451, Boise, ID 83707 www.idahonativeplants.org ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED Find us on: faceboolc Idaho Native Plant Society Membership Form Name Address City/State Zip Phone E-Mail Chapter Affiliation: Membership Level: □ Calypso (Coeur d’Alene) □ New □ Renewal □ Loasa (Twin Falls) □ Senior $10 □ Pahove (Boise) □ Student $10 □ Sawabi (Pocatello) □ Individual $17 □ Upper Snake (Idaho Falls) □ Household $22 □ White Pine (Moscow) □ Sustaining $35+ □ Wood River (Ketchum/Sun Valley) □ No Chapter □ Patron $100+ I would prefer to receive Sage Notes : □ Print □ Electronic □ Both Send completed form and full remittance to: Idaho Native Plant Society P.O. Box 9451 Boise, ID 83707 Memberships run calendar year. New memberships enrolled after June 1 include the following year. Renew or join online: http://idahonativeplants.org/join-inps/ Sage Notes is published quarterly by the Idaho Native Plant Society. Past issues can be viewed online at: idahonativeplants.org/sage-notes/ Submissions: Members and non-mem- bers may submit material for publication. Relevant articles, essays, poetry, news, announcements, photographs and art- work are welcome. Authors, artists and photographers retain copyright to their work and are credited in Sage Notes. Send all submissions electronically to the editor at the link below. Please provide a phone number and/or email address with your submission. Submission deadlines are January 8, April 1 , August 1 and November 1 . Advertising: Advertisements help reach environmentally-minded, native plant- loving customers and help support INPS. Prices: 1/8 page = $5, 1/4 page = $8, 1/2 page = $15. Submit ads electronically to the editor (JPG, TIFF, PSD or PDF files). Send payment to: Sage Notes Ads, PO. Box 9451, Boise ID 83707. Editor: Michael Mancuso, sage-editor [at] idahonativeplants.org