GOLA OR THE SPHERE	81
translated it must deal with the so-called ayanavalana
or "deflection due to the deviation of the ecliptic
from the equator/'
Both valanas ("deflection of the ecliptic'^7) were
employed in the projection of eclipses.^1
 46.	At the beginning of an eclipse the Moon is dhumra, when
half obscured it is kr§na, when completely obscured it is kapila,
at the middle of an eclipse it is krsnatamra*
 47.	When the Moon eclipses the Sun even though an eighth
part of the Sun is covered this is not preceptible because of the
brightness of the Sun and the transparency of the Moon.^3
 48.	The Sun has been calculated from the conjunction of the
Earth and the Sun, the Moon from the conjunction of the Sun and
Moon, and all the other planets from the conjunctions of the
planets and the Moon.^4
 49.	By the grace of God the precious sunken jewel of true
knowledge has been rescued by me, by means of the boat of my
own knowledge, from the ocean which consists of true and false
knowledge.^5
 50.	He who  disparages this universally true science of
astronomy, which formerly was revealed by Svayambhu, and is
now described by me in this Aryabhatiya, loses his good deeds
and his long life.^6
Read pratikuncuko.
^1	Cf. Brahmagupta, IV, 16-17 and XXI, 66; Lalla, Candragraha-
nadhikara, 23, 25; Suryasiddhanta, IV, 24-25: "From the position of
the eclipsed body increased by three signs calculate the degrees of
declination."
See Brennand, Hindu Astronomy, pp. 280-83; Kaye, Hindu
Astronomy, pp. 77-78.
^2	Cf. Surycbsiddhanta, VI, 23; Lalla, Candragrahavadhikara, 36;
Brahmagupta, IV, 19.
^3	Cf. Suryasiddhanta, VI, 13.
* Cf. BCMS, XII (1920-21), 183.
5 Cf. ibid., p. 187.	^6 Cf. JRAS, 1911, p. 114.