224 THE BRITISH APPROACH TO POLITICS

forms according to the personality of the Dictator; but certain
common elements can be discerned. The plan of ^ Corporate
State is used; employers and employed in each industry are
grouped together and elect such representatives as the ruling
party approves* Thus Capital and Labour are brought under the
dictator's control. To the former a policy of "controlled
Capitalism" is applied. Private persons still own industry and
draw profits, but they may be required to invest all but a fixed
percentage in the ways required by the Government. Intro-
duction of new machinery, control of staff, hours and wages are
also liable to State regulation: strikes and lock-outs are equally
forbidden. In Germany the drive for re-armament has caused
this control to be extended further than in other Fascist States.
The worker also lives a regulated life; the social services,
particularly those relating to the family, are the object of special
attention; leisure time activity is organised; compulsory work in
labour camps is adopted as a remedy for unemployment.

Discipline is thus the watchword of Fascism. Ruling the
masses is the privilege of those who enjoy the dictator's approval
and confidence. Prominent among these are the great industrialists,
so that Fascism is properly regarded as a form of Capitalism,
though very different from the "Liberal Capitalism" of Britain.
Now discipline is not an end in itself; there must be some
purpose for which it is imposed. This leads to the last element
in Fascism, in the light of which all the others must be under-
stood. The purpose of the national discipline is the glory of the
State. To democrats the State is'an organisation in which
individuals take part, using it to promote their own and one
another's happiness. To Fascists the State is, in Mussolini's
words, a "spiritual entity"; it does not exist for individuals,
but they for it. Further, the State is a National State, independent
of other nations and seeking its glory sometimes at their expense.
While Mussolini and Hitler have frequently stated that they
do not desire to disturb the peace at this or that particular
juncture, both maintain that war is in itself desirable and