EMPIRE 345

politics as with the spiritual regeneration of India. In his interpre-
tation of Hinduism* he laid great stress on the doctrine of non-
violence; his saintly and austere way of life gave him immense
influence, with which he strove to prevent the campaign against
the Government from taking a violent form. Some acts of terrorism
however, were committed, and the Government replied with
measures which severely curtailed the liberties of person and
speech, and of the press. The Police Fortes, the rank and file
of whose personnel were Indian, but under British control,
found their powers increased, and used them in a way which
created.fresh ill-feeling. It was probably a surprise to many
people in this country to learn from the remarks of a judge in an
Indian court in 1938, that the police frequently tortured arrested
persons.

Meanwhile, in 1927, the Simon Commission was appointed,
to enquire into the possibility of a further step to self-Government.
More dissatisfaction was aroused, because the Commission
contained no Indian members. The publication of its report in
1930 was followed by a series of Round Table Conferences between
British and Indians, and, in 1933, by the appointment of a Joint
Select Committee of Lords and Commons, to whom were added
Indian representatives. A Bill was prepared, which became law
as the Government of India Act 1935.

Indian States : Federation of India.

For Governmental purposes, India is divided into "British
India" and the Indian States. The latter, containing about
75,000,000 people, are ruled by native Princes who are not
subject to Parliament, but subordinate to the King in his capacity
as Emperor of India. Their position is protected by the various
treaties made at the time they came under British influence.
The Viceroy .is appointed by the King to be both Governor-
General of British India, and His Majesty's Representative in
' dealings with the States. The Princes are able to rule their domains
as they please, provided they do not display hostility to the