35O THE BRITISH APPROACH TO POLITICS

into eleven Governbr's Provinces,1 each ruled by a Governor
with a Council of Ministers, and a Legislature consisting of the
Governor and a Legislative Assembly, and, in six Provinces, a
Second Chamber, the Legislative Council. For the election of
the Assemblies the Provinces are divided geographically, and
the people in each area who belong to minority communities—
Muhammadans (though these are in a few Provinces the majority),
Sikhs, Christians-*—are formed into separate constituencies,
returning members of their own community. The remainder
elect members to fill the "general seats",, some of which are
reserved for the depressed classes. The qualification for voting,
resting partly on property, and partly on education, is held by
about one-tenth of the adult population.; Where Legislative
Councils are established, the system of electipn is such as to give
an advantage to the wealthier classes. The Council of Ministers
is intended, like a British Cabinet, to have the support of a
majority in the Legislature, but the Governor is to use his
discretion, subject to the instructions of the Secretary of State,
with regard to the control of the police, the preservation of order,
and the protection of minorities. He has also power, like that of
the Governor-General, to govern by Proclamation in emergency.
There are a few comparatively small areas in British India,
e.g., the Province of Delhi, and the Frontier district .of British
Baluchistan, which for historical or geographical reasons, it has
not been convenient to include in any Governor's Province.
These are Chief Commissioner's Provinces, ruled at the discretion
of the Governor-Geiieral who appoints the Commissioners.
Further, in several of the Governor's Provinces, there are
"excluded areas" where the more primitive peoples live. The
boundaries of these areas are determined by the Privy Council,
and the Governor of the Province, subject to the Governor-
General, rules them as he sees fit.
The Future. There is an obvious outward resemblance of all

VBurma is separated from India by the 1935 Act. There is a Burma
Office, but the same person is Secretary of State for India and for Burma,