EMPIRE 355

much land has been taken from the natives,, and granted to
Europeans. The African, prevented from living on his own
resources, and obliged to pay taxes, must work as a labourer.
His wage and conditions of labour, and the obstacles put in the
way of his forming trade unions, make his position comparable
to that of a slave. Meanwhile, the industries of the Union of
k South Africa not only employ the African subjects of the Union,
but draw other labourers from the neighbouring Colonies of
Southern and Northern Rhodesia* Consequently, there is much
migration of Africans which contributes to the breaking up of
family and,tribal life. This system no doubt enables resources to
be exploited, but the condition of the people compares unfavour-
ably with that in West Africa. The position is most serious in the
Rhodesian Colonies; the white inhabitants of Southern Rhodesia,
who enjoy a large measure of independence, take a view of the
problem similar to that held by the Government of the Union of
South Africa, i.e., that Africans must be kept in a position of
permanent subjection. Further north, in Uganda, and the
Mandated Territory of Tanganyika., there has been a greater
attempt to study the Africans* interests.

Mandates. The Mandated Territories are those which once
belonged to the German and Turkish Empires. At the end of the
War they were divided among the principal allied Powers who
were to govern them "as a sacred trust" in the interests of the
inhabitants. That they are not completely part of the Empires
of the Mandatory Power is shown by the fact that an annual
report on their Government must be presented to the League of
Nations. Britain administers Palestine as a Class A Mandate,
i.e., a country which, it was hoped, would soon become com-
pletely independent. This hope has been frustrated for Palestine
by the difficulties arising between Arabs and Jews. The Arabs
complain that the immigration of Jews, encouraged by Britain,
and stimulated by persecutions in many parts of Europe, was
depriving the Arab of his land. The Jews reply that they have
enriched the country* and enabled it to stmnort a lareer norm-