422 THE FACTORS OF THE MIND

duced) in accordance with a printed schedule of intellectual and
temperamental characteristics. Over 200 correspondents have
sent me their gradings. For one and the same child their assess-
ments correlate with each other to an average amount of -67. But
does that mean that they agree to anything like that extent with the
true order for that child ? Omit the photograph ; ask the same
judges to rank the qualities specified in order of strength for any
person they like to take. Though each chooses a different person,
there will still be a positive correlation between the orders, ranging
from about -20 to -45 ! This implies a general order towards which
every human being is tacitly assumed to tend, or at any rate every-
one belonging to the same age, sex, race, and social class. We all
approximate more or less towards this general pattern. In all of
us anger tends to be a stronger passion than curiosity, and fear than
submissiveness or disgust; just as in all of us, including the extreme
c pyknic,' height remains greater than breadth, and breadth greater
than thickness: even the fat boy in Pickwick was " not quite so big
round as he was tall."

Those individuals who correlate most closely with this general
order will be popularly regarded as the most human. Actually, of
course, such an order is more likely to reflect opinion than fact, the
unformulated psychology of the judges rather than the actual
disposition of the group that is judged. Indeed, in some cases it
may be largely an artefact, depending, for example, on such acci-
dental conditions as the extent to which each trait is accessible to
observation. Thus, cautious observers will tend to rank sex low
in all persons, because they * know little or nothing of that side y
of the persons to be judged ; on the other hand, the Freudian will
usually rank sex high in conformity with the doctrine he accepts.
In Table VI, under the heading c p.i.,' I give the average saturation
coefficients for the first or general factor for persons, derived from
all the rankings I have obtained. It will probably be agreed that it
represents the popular notion of the relative strength of the motives
named as ingredients of our common human nature.1

types: ([92], p. 302; cf. Guilford, Psychometric Methods, pp. 276-7).
Similarly, in my own list unobjectionable or pleasing traits (e.g. curiosity,
tenderness) and pleasant emotions generally (e.g. joy, self-assertiveness) are, on
the average, ranked much higher in self-ratings than unpleasant emotions
(e.g. sorrow, disgust) or traits that provoke criticism (e.g. anger, sex).

1 When the popular notion is obtained by getting people to rank the
emotions in order of strength without reference to individual persons, sex is
placed much higher. In rankings given for males by young males (e.g.
students) it rises to the top. In the printed table I have not thought it