Peter II

3690

Petersburg

the name of Catherine. (See CATHERINE i.)

Peter II., Alexeivitch (1715-30), Tsar of
Russia, grandson of Peter the Great, succeeded
Catherine i. in 1727.

Peter III. (1728-62), Tsar of Russia, was
the son of Anne, eldest daughter of Peter the
Great. He married, Aug. 21, 1745' Sophia Au-
gusta of Anhalt-Zerbst, afterwards Catherine
n.; was proclaimed emperor Jan. 5, 1762; de-
posed by his consort July 10 the same year;
and murdered at Ropsha, July 18.

Peter I., Karageorgevitch (1846-1921)
king of Serbia, and first king of the Serb-
Croat-Slovene state (See YUGOSLAVS), was a
grandson of the Serbian patriot George Czer-
ny, surnamed Karageorge, or Black George,
and a son of Alexander, who became Prince
of Serbia in 1842 but was deposed in 1858. He
ivas born in Belgrade, served in the French
army, and on the assassination of Alexander i.
and his consort, Queen Draga (June 11,1903),
became king of Serbia. Shortly after his ac-
session Peter restored the constitution of 1889,
which had been abrogated in 1894. He took
the field with the Serbian troops in the Great
War and after the organization of the new
Serb-Croat-Slovene state, became its king. He
was succeeded on his death, in 1921, by his
second son, Alexander.

Peterborough, city, England, in North-
amptonshire on the Nene. The town grew up
around a Benedictine monastery founded in
655, destroyed by the Danes 870, refounded
1117. The magnificent west front of three
arches, the distinguishing feature of the cathe-
dral, was erected between 1200 and 1238, and
the eastern chapel in the isth century. Other
notable structures are the quaint town hall, the
Bishop's palace, and the church of St. John
the Baptist; p.43,558.

Peter Martyr, name given to Pietro Mar-
tire di Anghiera (c. 1457-1526), Italian his-
orian. He was appointed tutor to the Spanish
royal family by Ferdinand and Isabella. His
historical works include De Orbe Nova De-
cades (1^16), which treats of the first thirty
years of American discovery.

Peter Martyr (1500-1562), Protestant re-
former, native of Florence. Visiting England
on Cranmer's invitation, he became in 1547
professor of theology at Oxford, and took part
in the preparation of the Book of Common
Prayer (1^52), but was forced by the persecu-
tion under Mary to leave England,

Peters, Karl (1856-1918), German ex-
plorer, was born in Neuhaus, on the Elbe. In
1884 he founded at Berlin the German Coloni-
zation Society, in whose interests he traveled

in East Africa, leading the expedition for the
relief of Emin Pasha (1888-90), whom he
reached after the latter's meeting with Stan-
ley. He formed a company in London for ex-
ploring the gold fields of Rhodesia and visited
Africa in 1889-1901 and in 1905.

Peters, Madison Clinton (1859-1918),
American Baptist clergyman, was for n years
pastor of the Bloomingdale Reformed Church
in New York City. After serving in Brooklyn
and Baltimore, he preached in the Park Thea-
tre in Philadelphia. He was called to New
York City in 1905, as pastor of the Church of
the Epiphany, where he remained until 1907.
His books are: Justice to the Jew (1899); The
Wit and Wisdom of the Talmud (1900); The
Jew as a Patriot (1901); The, Jews in America
(T9°5) J Abraham Lincoln's Religion (1909) ;
All for A merica (1917).

Peters, Richard (1744-1828), American
jurist, was born in Philadelphia. In 1775 he
commanded a company of provincial troops,
and in 1776-81 was secretary of the Conti-
nental board of war. In 1782-3 he was a mem-
ber of the Continental Congress. In 1701 he
was speaker of the State Senate. In 1792 he
became judge of the U. S. District Court for
Pennsylvania.

Peters, Samuel (1735-1826), American
clergyman, graduated from Yale, and in 1762
took charge of the Anglican churches in Hart-
ford and Hebron. He lived in sumptuous style
and was such an ardent Tory that he was
twice visited by a mob and ultimately went
to England. He returned to the United States
in 1805. He is chiefly remembered for having,
in a very untrustworthy General History of
Connecticut (1781), started the story of the
famous 'Blue Laws' of Connecticut.

Petersburg, city, Illinois, county seat of
Menard co,, on the Sangamon River, Nearby
is the old Chautauqua Institute, across the
river from the site of New Salem, the place
where Abraham Lincoln, as a young man, kept
store and xvas postmaster. In his honor there
has been erected here a building known as the
Lincoln Memorial; p. 2,586.

Petersburg, leading manufacturing city,
Virginia, situated in, but independent of, Din-
widdie co., on the Appomattox River, The
harbor is accessible to coastwise steamers. The
educational institutions include Southern Col-
lege, Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute
for colored students, and St. Joseph's Acad-
emy. The chief items of export are peanuts,
tobacco, and cotton. In the Revolution it waft
for a time the headquarters of Cornwallis, and
it was bombarded by Lafayette. Heavy fight-