Philip

3706

Philippine

Rhode Island. He is famous in history as the
chief figure in the most destructive Indian
war in which the English colonists were en-
gaged in the seventeenth century. It nearly
destroyed the colonies in New England, but
when it was over the Indian power was ut-
terly broken. Philip himself, who succeeded
his brother as sachem in 1662, had been long
known and friendly to the English, like his
father. But he seems to have seen clearly that
the settlement of the country must result in
the destruction of his own people, and as
time went on he fell under the suspicion of
the English. The actual outbreak of what is
known as King Philip's War was probably
accidental (1674), arising from the murder
of Sausamon, a converted Indian, and the
consequent English executions and Indian re-
prisals. Philip and his people were at once
driven from their ancestral properties, and
he himself fled to the Indians of the interior.
The Nipmucks, a powerful tribe of central
Massachusetts, now began a series of devas-
tating attacks upon the frontier settlements,
in which twelve of the English towns were
entirely destroyed and more than half were
made the scene of burning and massacre The
greatest disaster was on Sept. 18, 1675, when
Capt. Lathrop's company, the 'flower of Es-
sex/ was almost entirely destroyed at Bloody
Brook, near Decrfield, which had been
burned a fortnight before. 'New England had
never seen so black a day,' writes Cotton
Mather in the Magnolia. The superior power
of the English, however, gradually overcame
resistance. The Narragansetts, who were
planning to join the war, were put down by a
strong expedition under Col. Winslow in the
winter of 1675. The Indians were attacked in
their stronghold in the frozen swamps of
Kingston, R. I., and their power entirely
broken. The Nipmucks also were several times
beaten, and Philip fled to his old abode at
Mount Hope, R. L, where he was hunted
down and killed (Aug. 12, 1676) by a party
under Capt. Benj. Church. See Fiske's The
Beginnings of New England (1889),

Philip, The Bold (1342-1404), Duke of
Burgundy, married the only daughter and
heiress of Louis, Count of Flanders, and on
the latter's death, in 1383, secured Flanders,
Artois, Rethel, Nevers, and the county of
Burgundy, or Franche-Cdmte. He thus laid
the foundations of the greatness of his house
in the following century, In 1392, when
Charles vx. became insane, Philip assumed
control of affairs in France. The rivalry be-
tween Burgundy and the Duke of Orleans,

brother of the king, now became of impor-
tance, and the factions of the liurgundians
and Orleanists were formed. Orleans favored
an attack on England on behalf of the de-
posed Richard n.; Burgundy leaned to an
alliance with Henry iv.

Philip, The Good (1306-1467), Duke of
Burgundy from 1410 to 1467, was born at
Dijon, a son of John the Fearless and a
grandson of Philip the Bold. Under Philip,
Burgundy was the most wealthy, prosperous,
and tranquil state in Europe; its ruler was
the most feared and admired sovereign of his
time, and his court far surpassed in bril-
liancy those of his contemporaries.

Philippi, city, n.e. Macedonia, taken by
Philip of Macedon from Thrace, and en-
larged and renamed in his honor. It was the
first place in Europe at which St. Paul
preached (53 A.D.), and one of his epistles is
addressed to the church there.

Philippians, Epistle to, one of the shorter
epistles of the apostle Paul, written during
his imprisonment at Rome (or, as some think,
at Caesarea), and addressed to the church at
Philippi, which he had founded on his second
missionary journey.

Philippics, originally the three orations of
Demosthenes against Philip of Macedon. The
name was afterwards applied to Cicero's
fourteen orations against the ambitious and
dangerous designs of Mark Anthony. It is
now commonly employed to designate any
severe and violent invective, whether oral or
written.

Philippine Islands. The Philippine Is-
lands are a part of the great East Indian
Archipelago, lying in the Pacific Ocean s. of
Japan and n. of Borneo and Celebes, between
the parallels of 4° 40' and 21ft 10' N. lat. and
between the meridians of n6° 40' and 126°
34' E. long. Counting everything above high
water, the total number of islands and islets
is 7,083, of which, however, only 2,441 are
named, and 466 have areas exceeding one sq,
mile each. There are 31 islands of one hun-
dred sq. miles or more. The total land area
of the archipelago is about 114400 sq. miles.

The general character of the islands is
mountainous, although in the larger islands,
especially in Luzon and Mindanao, there are
broad plains and valleys of considerable ex-
tent. The highest mountain in the archipela-
go is Mount Apo (or Davao), in the south-
eastern Mindanao, 0,610 ft. There are few
rivers navigable for large craft. Cagayan river
will float launches as far as Tuguegarao, the
capital of Cagayan prov,, while bancas can