Phillip

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Philips

judges. But after David's tirne they were
never very strong, and they ultimately dis-
appeared as a nationality in the invasions of
Assyria and Egypt, though not before stamp-
ing their name upon the whole country—
Palestine, from Pelesheth, Philistia.

Phillip, John (1817-67), Scottish painter,
born in Aberdeen. It was not till 1851, when
he went to Spain, that his full powers de-
veloped, and he painted his celebrated Span-
ish pictures. He only of the British artists
of his day gained something of the verve of
Velasquez, a broad and virile technique. His
1 best-known pictures are Collecting the Offer-
ing at a Scottish Kirk, La Gloria (National
Gallery, Edinburgh), and The Promenade
(National Gallery, London). His Gossips at
the Well is in the Metropolitan Musuem,
New York.

Phillips, Adelaide (1833-82), American
contralto singer, born at Stratford-on-
Avon, England, and brought to Boston,
Mass., when she was seven years old. In
1854, after singing in concert with marked
success, she appeared at the New York
Academy of Music in 1856 as 'Azucena' in
// Trovatore. For the next twenty years she
ranked as the leading operatic contralto of
the country.

Phillips, David Graham (1867-1911),
American author, born in Madison Ind. He
was a frequent contributor to the leading
magazines, and the author of: The Great
God S^tccess (1901); Golden Fleece (1903);
The Plum Tree (1905) ; The Reign of Guilt
(1905); Susan Lenox (1917).

Phillips, Stephen (1867-1915), English
poet, was born in Somerton, near Oxford.
His works in their dignity of conception and
beauty of language represent an attempt to
return to the Greek model, though still in
thought essentially modern. Later works
include Poems (1897); The Sin of David
(1904); The Last Heir (1908); Pietro of
Sienna (1910); The King (1912); lole
(1913); Lyrics and Dramas (1913); Panama
and Other Poems (1915); Armageddon
(1915).

Phillips, Wendell (1811-84), American
reformer, was born in Boston, Nov. 29,1811,
of an old and well known Massachusetts
family. He joined the Massachusetts Anti-
Slavery Society and on June 14, 1835, de-
livered a noteworthy speech at the quarterly
meeting of the society at Lynn. The act was
regarded as professional and social suicide,
but it was characteristic of Phillips, who was
throughout his life to be a champion of de-

spised causes. His first famous utterance on
the subject was at a meeting held in Faneuil
Hall, Doc. 8, 18,37, to protest against the
murder of Lovejoy. By this speech he be-
came the pre-eminent orator of the anti-
slavery movement. Phillips1 position on thi?
burning question having injured his law
practice, he was led to enter upon a differ-
ent career, that of a lyceum lecturer. One of
his earliest, as it remained hi? most famous
lecture, was that on Tfne Lost Arts.

In October, 1842, in a meeting called to
protest in the Latimer case, Phillips first de -
nounced the Constitution of the United States
under which, according to Judge Shaw, a
fugitive slave had no right to a trial by
jury. He closed his law office, being unwilling
to take an oath to support the Constitution
and gave up the franchise, refusing to take
any personal responsibility in a government
which involved the principles of slavery. He
now became a public man in the simplest
and most individual way. Excluded from all
the institutions of society, he appeared per-
sonally before anybody and everybody that
would listen to him, and argued his opinions.
He was strongly opposed to the Mexican
War, and severely criticised the action of
Governor Briggs of Massachusetts (May 26,
1846) in calling for volunteers. Throughout
the period leading to the Civil War, Wendell
Phillips was the representative figure of the
ultra anti-slavery position of that body that
demanded the dissolution of the Union, that
the North might not be forced into respon-
sibility and complicity with the unrighteous-
ness of the slave system. When, however,
disunion became a fact, in the firing on Fort
Sumter, Phillips became an emancipationist,
and favored a war for the Union and eman-
cipation of the slaves. As he himself said,
he had meant to make a free nation of nine-
teen States, and now saw the possibility of
a free nation of thirty-four States. To this
object he added the enfranchisement of the
negro, and activity and agitation to this end
absorbed his powers until the passage of the
Fifteenth Amendment. He died on Feb. 2,
1884. See his Speeches, Lectures and Letters.
Consult also Austen's Life and Times of
Wendell Phillips; Russell's The Story of
Wendell Phittips.

Phillips Academy, a boys' preparatory
school at Andover, Mass., often known as
Phillips-Andover to distinguish it from Phil-
lips-Exeter, It was founded in 1778, its es-
tablishment being due to Samuel and John
PhMps.