Philostratus

oi religion. This view is in its developed
form the doctrine of a theological school,
and would by no means be accepted by
theologians generally. Theology itself is in
a very transitional stage, and in their strug-
gle with the problems opened up by his-
torical criticism theologians are apt to pay
but little heed to the more philosophical
questions raised by their dogmatic creed.
Md, on the other hand, philosophers are
apt either to ignore the doctrines of religion
altogether, or, what is worse, to assume with
easy confidence that as philosophers, they
know all about religion already, and need
not trouble to ascertain the views of those
whose faith and bent of mind have made
religious thought the business of their lives.
So long as the present transitional stage of
theology continues, it is difficult, if not
impossible, for the philosopher and the theo-
logian to come to terms. Consult Ladd's
Introduction to Philosophy (1890) and Rog-
ers's Brief Introduction to Philosophy
(1899); Paulsen's Introduction to Philoso-
phy (9th ed. 1903; trans. 1898); Bergson's
Creative Evolution;- and the popular treat-
ment in Durant's The Story of Philosophy.

Philostratus (c~ ifo to 250 A.D.), a Greek
rhetorician, and a native of Lemnos, who
spent most of his life at Rome. The most
important of his works is his Life of Apol-
lonius of Tyana.

Philtre, a love-compelling magic potion or
charm, common in decadent Greece and
Rome in mediaeval Europe, and still in use
in the East.

Phipps, Henry (1839-1930), American
manufacturer and philanthropist, the son
of a shoemaker, was born in Philadelphia,
Pa., removing to Pittsburg in boyhood. He
became connected with Andrew Carnegie in
the manufacture of iron. He presented con-
servatories to Pittsburg, gave largely to mis-
sions and charities, and in 1905 established
a trust in New York city for the buying
of land and the building of tenements there-
on for working people.

Phips (or Phipps), Sir William (1651-
95), Colonial governor of Mass., said to
have been one of 26 children, all of the
same mother, and born in a settlement in
Me. Until 18 years of age he was employed
in tending sheep. Later he became possessed
with the idea of fishing up the treasure in
a Spanish galleon wrecked about $o years
before in the West Indies. He finally suc-
ceeded, and took from the wreck treasure

3717 ____________________ Phoenicia

:o the value of about £300,000, for which
service he was knighted. While governor
he displayed a rough and arbitrary spirit,
and personally chastised the collector of
the port and Capt. Short of the royal navy

Phlebitis, or inflammation of a vein, has a
double connection with thrombosis, since a
thrombus leads to inflammation of the adja-
cent vein wall, and, on the other hand, an
nflammatory condition of the lining mem-
)rane of the vein induces thrombosis. One
brm of phlebitis is known as 'white leg.'

Phlogiston, a 'subtle fluid' that was sup-
posed by Stahl (1660-1734) to be combined
with a 'calx' or ash in combustible bodies,
and to be given off from them when burning
;ook place.

Phlox, a genus of hardy plants belonging
:o the order Polemoniacese. They have
salver-shaped corollas with five equal petals.
Some of the species of phlox are large-
growing border plants, others are of dwarf
creeping habit, and suited for the rockery

Phocaea, an Ionian colony on w. coast of
Asia Minor. It was a place of some pros-
perity, and founded other colonies, of which
:he most important was Massilia, the modern
Marseilles.

Phocion (402-317 B.C.), Athenian states-
man and general, was elected strategus—
one of the ten chief officers of state—as
many as 45 times. Yet 'he was neither a
great statesman nor a brilliant general; but
he was a man of incorruptible honesty and
downright common sense and bluntness of
speech.

Phocis, a country of ancient Greece, lay n.
of Gulf of Corinth. Its territory was moun-
tainous, containing Parnassus. Its history
turns largely on the presence within its bor-
ders of the Delphic shrine.
Phoebe-bird. See Pewee.
Phoebus and Phoebe, titles given respec-
tively to Apollo, in his character of the sun-
god, and to Artemis, as the goddess of the
moon.

Phoenicia, the strip of Syrian coast be-
tween the mouth of the Orontes in the n.
and Jaffa in the s., where Philistia or Pales-
tine, the land of the Philistines, commenced.
Phoenicia was essentially a land of seaports.
The rocky slopes were terraced and planted
with vines, olives, and other trees, and every
available inch of soil was cultivated; but in
spite of this Phoenicia was never an agri-
cultural country. It depended for its sup-
port upon the sea, and its prosperity was