Phonolite 3720 Phosphoric in recording and reproducing sound, and his phonograph was the first to be patented and given to the world. In the same year, al&o, a German scientist, Erail Berliner, invented the first disc machine, which he called a gramophone. The use and application of the phonograph is rapidly increasing. Men of affairs in increasing number dictate their correspondence to a talking-machine, and the record thus made is given to the typist, who transfers it in turn to the typewriter. Machines for this purpose, requiring inex- pensive and temporary records, are of the cylinder type. For most other purposes the disc machine is used. Institutions such as the British Museum, the Academic dcs Sci- ences in Vienna, and the Smithsonian In- stitution in Washington are making valu- able collections of famous original records. Phonolite, or Clinkstone, a volcanic rock, consisting essentially of nepheline and sani- dine feldspar. It usually contains also some form of augite, hornblende, or biotite. Phorcus, Phorcys or Phorcyn, a sea deity to whom a harbor in Ithaca was dedicated. By Hecate he was the father of Scylla. Phororhacos, an enormous running bird of prey now extinct. Skeletons are found in Patagonia which show that it was about eight feet in height and had a skull larger than that of a horse, Phosgene Gas, carbony edichloride or car- bon oxychloride (CO C12), a colorless gas with a penetrating odor, soluble in acetic acid and benzene, and rapidly decomposed by water. Phosgene gas was one of the most widely used of the poisonous gases employed during the Great War (1914-18). It causes a burning choking sensation and if inhaled in sufficient quantities causes death. It is also used in the dyestuff in- dustry. Phosphates, the salts obtained from phos- phoric acids. They are found in both animal and vegetable life but are most important as a mineral product. In all animal life phosphates occur in various forms, such as sodium phosphate in the fluids and soft tis- sues, particularly in the bile and urine, and as calcium phosphate in the bones. Phos- phate of magnesia is fouhd abundantly in vegetables and cereals. Phosphates occur as an original constituent in metaraorphic rocks, in veins of igneous rock, in sedi- mentary rocks as organic fragments, and in bone beds mixed with phosphatic materials. There are two types of phosphate, known as hard-rock phosphate and soft-rock phos- phate. Most of the phosphate rock in the United States is manufactured into acid phosphate for fertilizing purposes, but there is a constantly growing demand for raw rock phosphate, freely ground, to be ap- plied directly to the fields. Phosphate rock is also used for the manufacture of phos- phorus. A large amount of phosphate rock is employed in the baking-powder industry. Consult VVyatt's Phosphates of America; The Mineral Industry during xyiS, edited by Rouse; Phosphate, Rock (publication TJ. S. Geological Survey). Phosphatic Diathesis, a condition in which, owing to some defect in the digestive and assimilative process t*he urine turns more or less milky, not being sufficiently acid to keep the phosphates in solution. Phosphor Copper, a substance composed of copper containing about 10 per cent of phosphorous. Phosphorescence. Among plants the phe- nomenon of phosphorescence or luminosity is rare. It is probably confined to certain bacteria, to which may be attributed the phosphorescence of many decaying substan- ces, notably fish; and to some fungi which attack trees and produce the luminosity of rotten wood. Phosphorescence is very com- mon among marine animals. In terrestrial animals it is best marked in insects, where it is apparently always associated with sex, and is absent in land vertebrates. Physically, phosphoresencc is that form of luminescence in which a body which has been exposed to light and then placed in the dark emits light for a greater or less period. With some substances the emission of light continues for some time after removal from the source; but with others, by far the greater in number, the phosphorescence is momentary. Phosphorescence is affected by temperature; thus, warming up a surface covered with luminous paint increases its luminosity. Phosphoric Acid includes several distinct compounds in which phosphoric anhydride, PaOfi, is combined with different propor- tions of water; though when used without prefix, it generally implies ordinary or ortho- phosphoric acid, HaP