Pittsfield

3747

Pius

Pittsfield, city, Massachusetts, county seat
of Berkshire co. It is situated near the west-
ern boundary of the State, surrounded by the
picturesque Berkshire Hills, and is a favor-
ite summer resort and automobile center. The
more important institutions include the House
of Mercy, the Berkshire Athenaeum, with a
library of 70,000 volumes, a museum of nat-
ural history and art, the Roman Catholic
Cathedral, the Henry W. Bishop Training
School for Nurses, and the Berkshire County
Home for Aged Women. The Court House
is a fine white marble structure. The city
possesses a soldiers' monument, The Color

of the gland is associated with gigantism and
acromegaly; underfunction of the anterior
lobe with skeletal underdevelopment and
diminution or cessation of sexual activity;
underfunction of the posterior lobe with adi-
posity, drowsiness, and evidences of lowered
metabolic activity.

Pit Villages, or aggregations of pit dwell-
ings, are sometimes understood to be subter-
ranean colonies. Vestiges of such dwellings
are found in the island of Yezo, Japan, where
their occupants are said to have been an ex-
tinct race called Koro-pokguru. Similar de-
pressions in many parts of the British Isles

Pittsburgh.

Left, St. Paul's Cathedral; Right, The
Bank of Pittsburgh.

Bearer. Pittsfield has important industries,
including the manufacture of electrical goods,
automobile sundries, textiles, paper-mill ma-
chinery, and paper. The first settlement here
was made in 1743, and was known as Boston
Plantation. It was incorporated as the town
of Pittsfield in 1761, the name being given in
honor of the elder Pitt; p. 49,684.

Pituitary Body, or hypophysis cerebri, is
a small roughly spherical mass, weighing
about 0.5 gm., lying at the base of the brain
in a depression of the skull called the sella
turcica. Recent studies show that the gland
has a profound effect on the animal economy:
the removal either of the entire gland or of
the anterior lobe in experimental animals is
followed by sudden death; while partial re-
moval of the anterior lobe causes in young
animals retardation of skeletal growth and
arrest of sexual development, and in fully
grown animals abeyance of sexual function
and genital atrophy, In man hypertrophy

are assigned to primitive British tribes.

Pityriasis, a term applied to a group of
skin diseases in which the epidermis is cast off
in bran-like scales. Pityriasis versicolor is
characterized by the formation of brownish,
scaly patches of irregular shape and size.
Pityriasis rubra, or Hebrews pityriasis is an
inflammatory condition of the entire skin
which becomes deep red in color and cov-
ered with white scales. It may become chron-
ic, and is frequently fatal.

Pius, the name of 10 popes of the Roman
Catholic Church.

Pius i. (140-155). Practically nothing cer-
tain is known of this pope.

Pius n. (1458-64), -£Sneas Sylvius Pic-
coloraini, who was born in Siena in 1405, was
a man of literary and oratorical powers, and
at the Councils of Basel reconciled the inter-
ests of the Emperor Frederick nr. and the
papacy.

Pius m. (Sept. 22, 1503-Oct. 18, 1503),