37S2

Pompeius

and generals. During the Seven Years1 War|
France supported her hereditary enemy Aus-
tria, merely because Maria Theresa had writ-
fen a courteous letter to the Marquise dc
Pompadour, while Frederick the Great com-
posed scandalous verses about her.

Marquise de Pompadour.

Pompano, the name in the United States
of several excellent fishes of the family Car-
angidse widely distributed along the coasts of
the warmer parts of the world, everywhere
regarded as of high quality both as game and
for the table. The commonest and best
known of the American species is the Floridan
pompano (T. caroliniis), which enters the
bays and estuaries of all the South Atlantic
and Gulf states to spawn in the spring, and
then is esteemed one of the most delicate of
all coast fishes; it is taken about southern
Florida and the West Indies all the year, and
is fattest and best there in the fall, when it
again forms in large schools. It reaches a
length of about 18 inches, and, like its con-
geners, is vertically flattened and ovate in
form, and a beautiful silvery blue in color.
The fish called 'pompano,' and highly valued
in southern California, is in another class,
being an ally of the harvest fishes.

Pompeii, a city of Campania, in ancient
Italy, at southeast foot of Vesuvius. It cer-
tainly existed before 500 B.C. ; about 400 B.C.
the city was captured by the Samnites, About
300 B.C. Pompeii was brought into depen-
dence on Rome; but in 90 B.C. it joined the
Italian allies against Rome in the Social War,
and in $9 it was unsuccessfully besieged by
Sulla, who, however, in So settled there a
colony of Roman veterans. The industries of
the city were wine-making, fishing, the man*

ufacture of millstones of lava, and the work-
ing of pumice stone. In 63 A.D. a violent earth-
quake threw down many of the city build-
ings. On Aug. 24, 79 A.D., Vesuvius broke out
in eruption, and by the evening of the rsth
Pompeii was covered, all but the roofs of its
houses. It has been estimated that about
2,000 persons perished.

The result of excavations has been to bring
to light the forum and the buildings which
surround it—namely, the temple of Jupiter,
the basilica or town hall, the temple of Apol-
lo, the macclhnn or provision market, the
shrine of the city lares, the temple of Ves-
pasian, the building of Eumachia—probably
a bazaar for wearing apparel—the comltwm
or voting place, and the municipal offices;
the temple of Fortuna Augusta; a large and
a small theatre, with a colonnade adjoining;
a wrestling-place, or palwstra; three bathing
establishments; and an amphitheatre. The
private houses, of which many exist, throw
light on ancient domestic life. Several of
them contain a complete arrangement for the
bath, with warm and hot chambers, heated
by hot air, and swimming tanks. The walls
were painted, usually in fresco, with orna-
mentations. Elegant columns and mosaic
floors added to the beauty of the rooms. As
many as 3,500 paintings have been recovered.
The discovery of a set of auctioneer's re-
ceipts indicates clearly Latin methods.

Pompeius, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
(106-48 B.C.), commonly known as Pompey
the Great. When in 83 n.c. Sulla was about
to land in Italy on his return from the East,
Pompey raised three legions, and utterly de-
feated one of three Marian armies which
surrounded him. In 77 Lepklus, who had
tried during his year as consul to overthrow
the constitution of Sulla, marched with an
army on Rome; and Pompey had to defeat
him. His next command was in Spain, against
Sertorius, the last remaining leader of the
Marian party. Pompey was in Spain from
76 to 71 B.C.

On his return Pompcy's popularity gained
him a triumph and the consulship for 70 B.C.
In 67 an extraordinary command against the
pirates who then infested the Mediterranean
was given him, and in three months he
cleared the sea of them. In 66 by another
special law, that of Manilius, he was appoint-
ed to succeed Lucullus in Asia, retaining also
the supreme command over all the Mediter-
ranean and its coasts. In 66 he defeated Mith-
ridates, and subdued Armenia; in 6$ he re-
duced W. Pontus to a province, and in 64 did