Poor___________________________

inent writer on financial and economic ques-
tions.

Poor, Henry William (1844-1915), Am-
erican publisher, was born in Bangor, Me.
He established in New York City the firm
of H. V. and H. W. Poor, which dealt ex-
tensively in railroad securities. This busi-
ness required the keeping of a record of rail-
road statistics for office use, which in a few
years became so large and valuable that the
firm decided to publish it for public use. It
was at once successful, and Poor's Manual oj
Railroads has become a standard work of
reference for American railroads.

Poor Clares. See Clare, St.

Poore, Benjamin Perley (1820-87), Am-
erican journalist. After two years' experience
as editor of the Southern Whig in Athens,
Ga., he was appointed attache to the United
States legation in Brussels. For several years
he was foreign correspondent of the Boston
Atlas, and also an agent for Mas: ichusetts
in the collection and copying of papers in the
French archives, of interest to New England-
ers. In 1848 he settled in Boston, where he
edited the Bee and the Sunday Sentinel. In
1854 he moved to Washington, where he was
correspondent for several newspapers. In
1886 he published his Reminiscences of Sixty
Years in the National Metropolis.

Poore, Henry Rankin (1859-1940), Amer-
ican artist, was born in Newark, N. J. He
was a pupil of Peter Moran, Lumenais and
Bouguereau in Paris. Returning to the
United States he gave his attention chiefly
to the painting of animals, developing also
as a landscape painter, and in many of his
pictures the dogs, of which he made a spe-
cialty, and other animals, are incidental to
the landscape. He received prizes and medals
at several exhibitions and world's fairs,
Among his best-known paintings arc Close
of a City Day (1888); Fox Hounds (1888);
Hounds in Winter (1898); Clearing Land

(*9<>3).

Poor Richard. Sec Franklin, Benja-
min*

Pope. See Papacy.

Pope, Albert Augustus (1843-1909), Am-
erican manufacturer, was born in Boston.
In 1862 he joined the Thirty-fifth Massachu-
setts Infantry and rendered distinguished
service in the Civil War, In 1877 he founded
the Pope Manufacturing Company for the
manufacture of small patented articles, and
in 1878 he began to manufacture bicycles,
being one of the pioneers in this field and
in the work for better roads,

3788_____________________________Pope

Pope, Alexander (1688-1744), English
poet, born in London. His first publication
was Pastorals (written 1704), which appeared
in 1709 in Tonson's Miscellany, along with
his January and May. In 1711 he published
the Essay on Crilichw. It was written in
1709, when he \\as only twenty; yet it is a
marvel of epigrammatic brilliance, and re-
mains the best English statement of the doc-
trines of classicism. In 1712 he had con-
tributed to Lintot's Miscellany the Rape of
the Lock, a heroi-comical poem. In 1717 he
brought out an edition of his works which
included, besides the poems already men-
tioned, the Temple of Fame, (1711), the Epis-
tle of Rloisa to Abelard, the Rlegy to the
Memory oj an Unfortunate Lady, the Imi-
tations of Chaucer, and several translations.
About 171,? he began his translation of the
Iliad, which appeared from June, 1715, to
1720. In 1723 he 'undertook' the translation
of the Odyssey. In 1725 he brought out an
edition of Shakespeare (6 vols. 4to), which
was severely criticised by Lewis Theobald in
Shakespeare. Restored (1726). Pope's resent-
ment against him and his many other critics
embodied itself in the Dimciad, which ap-
peared in 1728. About 1730 he undertook,
at the- suggestion of Bolingbroke, a great
didactic poem, comprising a complete system
of ethics, and 'vindicating the ways of God
to man.* The scheme, however, was not com-
pleted, and we have fragments of it in the
Essay on Man (four epistles, 1732-4) and
the first four Moral Essays (1731-8). What
is now known as the fifth Moral Essay (To
Mr. Addison') was written in 1715. The
Epistle to Dr. Arbitthnot has been well called
the Apologia pro Vita SM, and it is perhaps
Pope's most striking poem.

His work is the most perfect expression
in our literature of the 'classical1 theories of
poetry, and marks the culmination of a
school which, developing with Waller and
Dcnham, attained maturity in Dryden. He
is unexcelled in precision, terseness, and epi-
grammatic brilliance.

Pope, Franklin Leonard (1840-95), Am-
erican electrician. In 1862 he was appointed
an assistant engineer to the American Tele-
graph Company, and in 1864 he became engi-
neer to the RusRO-American Telegraph Com-
pany, and surveyed a line route between
Vancouver and northern Alaska. Afterwards
he settled in New York, and entered into
partnership with Thomas A. Edison, under
the firm name of Pope and Edison. In 1870
j they invented a printing telegraph, which, in