Portraits

3799

Portsmouth

carded the factory plan and painted all parts'
himself from the sitters. All since have fol- J
lowed his example. He was of the Pre-
Raphaelite body, but later developed a
wholly original style quite without manner- I
isms. Frank Holl (1845-88), with a nar- j
rower range and more conventions, had great
power and character. George Frederick Watts
(1817-1904) was a poetic and intellectual
artist who sought to express ideas and emo-
tions, despised realism, and slighted tech-
nique.

By far the greatest names in recent por-
trait art were J. A. M. Whistler and John
S. Sargent, both American by blood.

Portraits, Composite, a method of indi-
cating the facial characteristics of a family
or group of persons, while at the same time
suppressing the peculiarities of individual
members. The results are recognized as of
considerable value to the student of anthro-
pology. One way of obtaining these compo-
site portraits is to take full-face photographs
of each person composing the group, of such
a uniform size that two fixed horizontal lines
pass, one through the inner angle of the eyes,
the other through the line dividing the lips,
while a third fixed perpendicular line equally
divides the nose. By this means the photo-
graphs are brought approximately to the
same size, and corresponding portions of the
various faces occupy similar positions.

Port Royal, town, Beaufort co., South
Carolina. Port Royal has often figured in
American history. In 1665 the forces of the
Spanish Menendez de Aviles massacred a
band of French Huguenots who had erected
a fort in the neighborhood during the pre-
ceding year. At the beginning of the Civil
War, Confederate troops under Gen. Thomas
F. Dray ton blocked the entrance to Port
Royal Sound by building Forts Walker and
Beauregard. ; p. 342.

Port Royal, fortified town at the entrance
to Kingston harbor, Jamaica, West Indies. It
has a British naval dockyard, military hos-
pital, barracks, and arsenal. On March n,
1911, the navy yard was wiped out by a de-
structive fire.

Port-Royal des Champs, a celebrated
convent of Cistercian nuns, founded in 1204,
and originally situated about 8 m. s.w. of Ver-
sailles. The community removed to Paris in
1626, and in 1663 to Port-Royal de Paris,
and became devoted to the use of a lay com-
munity. Port-Royal is best known for its
adhesion to the Jansenist movement.

Port Said, town and seaport at the western

entrance to the Suez Canal, on a strip of land
between Lake Menzaleh and the Mediter-
ranean, owes its origin (in 1860) to the Suez
Canal, being named for Said Pasha, its pro-
moter. A statue of De Lesseps, the con-
structor of the canal, stands on the break-
water, and there is a lighthouse in the town,
visible 24 m. at sea. Port Said is the resi-
dence of the governor-general of the canal.
It is one of the largest coaling stations in the
world; p. 100,899.

Portsmouth, city and seaport, Hampshire,
England; 18 m. s.e. of Southampton. It has
the greatest arsenal and is the most strongly
fortified place in the United Kingdom. The
younger Brunei, Charles Dickens, Sir Walter
Besant, and John Pounds, a pioneer in ragged
school work, were natives of Portsmouth.
The house in which Dickens was born is kept
as a Dickens museum; p. 249,248.

Portsmouth, city, New Hampshire, Rock-
ingham co., on the Piscataqua River. It is
the only seaport in the State, and the harbor,
deep, and one of the best on the Atlantic
Coast, is a port of entry. The town is the
birthplace of Thomas Bailey Aldrich and
James T. Fields, and was the home of Daniel
Webster.

The industrial life of Portsmouth is cen-
tered in the United States Navy Yard located
on an island in the Piscataqua River. Here
the famous Kearsage was outfitted before
sailing in quest of the Alabama. In the Navy
Yard is the buildingnn which the peace con-
ference between Japan and Russia was held
and the treaty of Sept., 1905, signed (see
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR) ; p. 14,821.

Portsmouth, city, Ohio, county seat of
Scioto co., on the Ohio River, at its junction
with the Scioto River. It is an important
commercial and manufacturing centre, its
industrial establishments including iron foun-
dries, shoe factories, brick yards, railroad
terminals. The surrounding country is rich
in agricultural products, and coal, fire-clay,
and sandstone are found in the vicinity; p.
40,466.

Portsmouth, city and seaport, Virginia,
formerly in Norfolk co., but now independ-
ent, on the Elizabeth River, Hampton Roads,
opposite Norfolk. Portsmouth is a manufac-
turing city of some importance. It has a
shipbuilding plant, the shops of the Seaboard
Air Line, and manufactures of fertilizers, hos-
iery, lumber, cotton, oil products, copper,
paper boxes, berry crates, and pickles. The
surrounding country is one of the richest
trucking districts in the South, supplying