Pratt

3817

Prayer

brary; 'Philosophy' in the Congressional Li-
brary, Washington.

Pratt, Charles (1830-91), American phil-
anthropist, was born in Wartertown, Mass.
He was for many years a trustee of the
Adelphi Academy in Brooklyn, and was elec-
ted its president in 1879. In 1887 he founded
the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn for technical,
mechanical, commercial, and similar bran-
ches of education.

Pratt, Orson (1811-81), Mormon apostle,
brother of Parley Parker Pratt, was born in
Hartford, N. Y. In 1830 he joined the Mor-
mon Church, and by 1835 had become one
of the Twelve Apostles. He was one of the
first to enter Utah, and was seven times
speaker of the Utah House of Representatives.
In August, 1870, he engaged in a debate with
Dr. John P. Newman, chaplain of the U. S.
Senate, on the subject of polygamy. The de-
bate took place in the great tabernacle at
Salt Lake City, and attracted widespread
attention. By his numerous successful mis-
sionary journeys to the East and to Europe,
he gained for himself the designation, 'the
Paul of Mormonism.*

Pratt, Parley Parker (1807-57), Ameri-
can Mormon apostle, brother of Orson Pratt,
was born in Burlington, N. Y. He became a
member of the Mormon Church in 1830, was
chosen one of the Twelve Apostles in 1833,
and was one of the first Mormons to visit
Salt Lake. In 1857 he was murdered near
Van Buren, Ark.

Pratt, Silas Gamaliel (1846-1916), Am-
erican composer, was born in Addison, Vt.
He became professor of pianoforte in the
New York Metropolitan Conservatory. In
1906 he went to Pittsburgh, where he estab-
lished the Pratt Institute for Music and Art.

Pratt Institute, a technical school in
Brooklyn, New York, founded and endowed
in 1887 by Charles Pratt, with the object of
promoting industrial education. The Institute
offers to men and women day and evening
courses in a wide range of art, scientific, me-
chanical and household subjects and con-
ducts teacher training courses in fine and ap-
plied arts. There are four schools: School of
Fine and Applied Arts, Household Science
and Arts, Science and Technology, and Li-
brary Science.

Praxiteles, a celebrated Greek sculptor,
who is often ranked next to Phidias for the
perfection of his work. He was a citizen, if
not a native, of Athens, and lived about 400-
330 B.C. The chief characteristics of his work
are the perfection of his modelling, and the

; way in which he makes his statues represent
, some mood or feeling. During the excavations
i at Olympia a nearly perfect statue of Her-
, mes by him was discovered. Other statues
! attributed to him are even more famous, es-
pecially an Aphrodite, which he made lor the
Cnidian?, an idea of which may be gained
from a copy in the Vatican, and the basis of
a group representing Apollo, Artemis and
Leto in the presence of the Muses excavated
at Mantineia.

Pray, Isaac Clark (1813-69), American
journalist and playwright, was born in Bos-
ton. In 1836 he became proprietor of the
National Theatre in New York, where he
produced his tragedy Guilictta Gordon and
several other plays. He became dramatic
critic for the New York Herald in 1850, and
wrote and translated several plays, the most
successful of which was Vlrginius.

Prayer, Book of Common, the name giv-
en to the service book of the Anglican and
Protestant Episcopal Churches. The existing
English service books are nearly all of the
Roman type. Uniformity was not arrived at
until the sixteenth century, which produced
both the Book of Common Prayer and the
Tridentine revision of the Roman services.
From the thirteenth century to the Refor-
mation there were three principal 'uses' in
English: those of Salisbury, York, and Here-
ford. The Salisbury or Sarum use has most
influenced the present Prayer Book. The
movement for reformation in the public serv-
ice of the English Church originated during
the latter years of the reign of Henry vm.
On June n, 1544, were 'set forth certain
godly prayers and suffrages in our native
English tongue,' also a Litany which is prac-
tically the same as the present Litany in the
Prayer Book. A committee of convocation sat
for seven years, and produced the Prayer
Book of 1549 (the first Prayer Book of Ed-
ward vi.).

The second Prayer Book was published in
1552. After Elizabeth's accession a commit-
tee was appointed to deal with divine serv-
ice, and a Prayer Book was ready for pub-
lication in 1559. It is practically the same
book as that now used in the Church of
England. The commonwealth formally sup*
pressed the Book of Common Prayer on Jan.
4, 1645, and it was out of use until the
restoration on May 26,1660, when the Prayer
Book was revised on lines as conciliatory as
possible, without sacrifice of essentials, and
was authorized in 1662.
The Act of Uniformity of that year con-