Priene as "Pride's Purge.' Pride was a commissioner for the trial of Chnrta i., and Hgned his death \\arrant. Priene, anciently one of the 'twelve' dtie.s. of lona, situated nortliwest of the moutli ol the Kiver Miuander, in Curia. The remains of the ancient citv have been brought to light. Priest, the title, in its most general signifi- cation, of a minister of public worship, but specially applied to the minister of sacrifice or other mediatorial offices. In Kgypt the population is supposed to have been divided into throe or four castes, at the head of which was the sacerdotal, or prints. Their duties appear to have comprised the general cult us of the deity; they also interpreted the oracles of the temples. Besides the prophet* of the gods, others were attathcd to the wor- ship of the kintr, and to various offices con- nected with the administration of the temples. The class of priests called ah, or 'pure,' were inferior, and were also attached to the prin- cipal deities and to the personal worship of the monarch. They were required to he scrupulously neat and clean, entirely shaven and ascetic in their diet, bathing and fasting frequently. The priesthood of India belongs to the first caste, or that of Brahmans, exclusively (see CASTK). But as the proper performance of such functions requires, even in a Brah- man, the knowledge of the sacred texts to be recited at a sacrifice, and of the complicated ceremonial of which the sacrificial acts con- sist, none but a Brahman learned in one or more Vedas, and versed in the works treat- ing of the ritual, possesses, according to the ancient law, the qualifications of a priest. The Mosaic priesthood was the inheritance of the family of Aaron, of the tribe of Levi. It consisted of a hi^h priest, find of inferior ministers, distributed into twenty - four classes. The name given in classical Greek to the sacrificing priests of the pagun religion* Greek /M>WW, Latin sattrdos, is not found in the New Testament explicity applied to ministers of the Christian ministry; but very early in ecclesiastical use it appears as nn ordinary designation; and with all those bodies of Christians—Roman Catholics, Greeks, Syri- ans, and other Orientals—who reward the eucharist as a sacrifice (see LITTTKGY) the two names were applied indiscriminately. The priesthood of the Christian Church is one of the grades of the hierarchy, second in order only to that of bishop, with which order the priesthood has many functions in _3_826___________________________Primates common. The holy order of priesthood can only be conferred by a bishop, and he is or- dinarily assktcd by two or more priests, who in common with the Iifchop, impose hands on the candidate. The rc«t of the ceremonial of ordination consists in investing the cand- idate with the sacred inslrumch.s and orna- ments of his order, anointing his hands, and reciting certain prayers significative of the gifts and the duties of the office. The distingui>hing vestment of the cele- brant priest in the Mass is the Chasuble. In Catholic countries priests wear even in pub- lic a distinctive dress, in most respects com- mon to them with the other orders of clergy. Priestley, John Boynton (1894- ), Knglfch novelist and critic, wrote Good Com- Priestley, Joseph (17.^-1804), English chemist, was born near Kirstall, Yorkshire, It was while acting as literary companion to the Karl of Shelbournc that he made (1774) his epoch-making discovery of oxygen. His later work on nitric oxide, hydrogen chlo- ride, silicon fluoride, sulphur dioxide, am- monia, air, and carbon monoxide was also of the highest value; and, in the case of his observations of the action of electric sparks on the air, led to the analysis of the latter by Cavendish. He was the first to apply carbon flioxide in aerating waters. Primage, a small allowance (from three to ten per cent.) formerly paid, in addition to wages, to the captain of a ship by the freighter, as a recognition of his care in .sup- erintending the loading and unloading of goods while the vessel was in port. Primary Color*, the name of the colors into which Newton arbitrarily divided the spectrum, though sometimes restricted to the three colors, red, yellow, and blue from which all the other colors may he produced. Sec COLOR, Primate (Latin primus)* anciently a bishop holding a position of pre-eminence. Thus the bishop of Rome, claimed the primacy of the wholo church. In the Church of England the title is peculiar to the Archbishop of York, who is Primate of England Primates, the first order of mammals, so called because, it includes man. The order in- cliukA two sub-ord