Pufendorf

3874

West Indies for a time after 1800, and a mil-
itary post till the end of the Spanish-Amer-
ican War; p. 82,042.

Pufendorf, Samuel, Baron von (1632-
94), German writer on history and jurispru-
dence, was born near Chemnitz, Saxony. Im-
prisoned on the breaking out of the war
(1658) between Sweden and Denmark, he
wrote his famous Element a Jurisprudfntiat
Univcnatis. On his release he was appointed
by the Elector Palatine a professor at Hei-
delberg, and was afterward transferred to
Lund in Sweden, where he published De Jure
Natunr. et Gentium (1672), in which he im-
proved on the speculations of Grotius.

Puff-adder (Rilis ttrictuns), a highly poib-
onous African viper, which reaches a length
of four ft. or more. It is yellowish to orange
brown above, with dark, angular markings,
checkered with white, and whitish below.

Puff-bird, a youth American form related
Lo the jacamar. It receives its rCngUsh name
from the puffy appearance of the soft feathers
of the head.

Puffin (Fmtcrculti),i\. bird genus of the auk
family, characterized by the groat develop-
ment of the beak. The most familiar species
is the common puffin or sea parrot (F. ar-

Common Arctic Puffin.

tica), which breeds on both shores of the
North Atlantic—in America, as far s, as the
Bay of Fundy. Its length is 13 inches; it Is
blackish above and on the throat, while the
cheeks and under parts are white,

Pug Dog, a breed of small, short-haired
lap dogs, probably of Oriental origin, and in-
troduced into Europe by way of Holland in
the sixteenth century, The breed is charact-
erized by the shortness of the face and up-
lifted form of nose. Only a fawn color, with

Pulitzer

blackish face, was known until about 1875,
when a wholly black varielx was introduced
into the West from China. Pug-dogs, popu-
lar about 1880, are now returning to public
favor.

Puget, Pierre (, i<>jj-(jt}), French sculptor,
was born in Marseilles. His fine Hercuks
(Rouen Museum,), Mih (Louvre, Paris), and
Androiiit'tfa (Versailles) show a keen ap-
preciation of natural beauty of form and
moral grandeur.

Puget Sound, an arm of the Pacific Ocean,
indenting the roast of Washington, and con-
nected by the Strait of Juan de Fucu with
Admiralty Inlet and Hood's Canal. Its bold
and picturesque shores are well wooded. It
abounds in edible fish of a hundred sorts, its
salmon fisheries being famous. The cities of
Seattle, Tacoma, and Port Townsend are
situated on its i-hores.

Pugilism. See Boxing.

Pugin, Augustus Wclby Northmore
(1812-52), English architect, was born in
London, He early became a Roman Catholic,
and some of his best pinna were drawn for
churches, including the cathedrals at Killar-
ney and Southwark. He had also a large
share in the designs and plans for the new
British Houses of Parliament (cs.^6).

Pulaski, Casimir (1748-70), Polish .sol-
dier and American Revolutionary general,
was born in Podolia, Poland. He was a vol-
unteer aide to Washington at Brandy wine,
and was made a brigadier-general for gal-
lantry. In the spring of 1779 he successfully
held Charleston against the attack of Gen-
eral Prevo.st until reinforced, and harassed
the latter *s retreat to Savannah,

Pulaski, Fort, was erected by the U- S,
Government on Cockspur Island, at the
mouth of the Savannah River, for the de-
fence of Savannah, Ga»

Pulitzer, JotepK (1847-1911)> American