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Isthmian Canal Commission. In 1880 he be-
came chief engineer of the Chicago & Western
Railroad and of the Belt Railway of Chi-
cago; in 1885, the general consulting engi-
neer of Chicago; in 1893, chief engineer of
the sanitary district of Chicago, and brought
to a successful conclusion the excavation and
improvements of the Chicago river,

Randolph, John, 'of Roanoke' (1773-
1833), American statesman, born at Cawsons,
Chesterfield co., Va., June 2, 1773. In 1790
he went to Philadelphia, where he studied
law with his kinsman, Edmund Randolph,
whom Washington had made attorney-gen-
eral of the United States. The ratification of

In 1807 he was foreman of the grand jury
which indicted Aaron Burr for treason. He
was a member of the Virginia constitutional
convention of 1829. By his will, made in
1821, he emancipated his slaves.

Randolph, Peyton (1723-75), American
patriot, born in Williamsburg, Va. He served
in the French and Indian War; drew up the
remonstrance of the Burgesses against the
proposed Stamp Act; became chairman of the
committee of correspondence and was pres-
ident of the Virginia Committee of Safety
in 1774. He was president of the first and
second Continental Congresses.

Randolph-Macon System of Colleges

Ranching.

Top, Typical California ranch (Photo by Pierce, Los Angeles); Left, Branding wild
horses; Right, Cattle round-up in Arizona (from stereographs, Copyright by Underwood
& Underwood).

the Jay Treaty with England, in 1796,
roused his strong opposition, and caused him
to side with the faction in Virginia which
consistently opposed the Federal government,
and whose state's rights views were embod-
ied in the Virginia resolutions of 1798. In
the latter years, notwithstanding the power-
ful opposition of Patrick Henry, he was
elected a representative in Congress, taking
his seat in December, 1799. Although a mem-
ber of the minority, he at once took a promi-
nent part in debate, and in December, 1801,
was made chairman of the committee of
ways and means, a position which carried
with it the leadership of the House. He sup-
ported Jefferson in the purchase of Louisiana.

and Academies. A group of educational in •
stitutions in Virginia under Methodist con-
trol. It consists of Randolph-Macon College
for men at Ashland, chartered in 1830, with
two academies, at Front Royal and Bedford
City; and Randolph Macon Woman's Col-
lege, at Lynchburg, established in 1893, with
Randolph-Macon Institute, at Danville.

Range Finders. Modern long-range guns
require a more accurate knowledge of the
distance to the target than was necessary for
the old-fashioned muzzle-loaders, A great
many instruments of various patterns have
been devised for the purpose of measuring
ranges, which are generally not possible of
direct measurement, on account of inter-