Real

3939

Recall

Real, a small Spanish silver coin or money
of account, current in several Spanish-speak-
ing countries, with a value, varying with ex-
change, of about five cents.

Realism in philosophy is diametrically op-
posed to Nominalism as involving the belief
that genus and species are real things, existing
independently of our conceptions. In art and
literature the word Realism or Naturalism is
employed to describe a method of represen-
tation without idealization.

Reality. Psychologically, real objects are
distinguished from illusions, hallucinations,
and the like. Logically, an affirmation of re-
ality is distinguished from an affirmation of
mere possibility and from one of complete
necessity. The judgment of possibility ex-
presses merely the fact that the thing whose
possibility is alleged is not inconsistent with
known conditions. The judgment of neces-
sity affirms the dependence of the thing
whose necessity is alleged upon conditions.
Metaphysically reality is opposed to appear-
ance, and then signifies the inner being or
ultimate truth of things as contrasted with
tne more superficial characteristics.

Real Property, in English and American
law, signifies rights in land, and other *real'
right, (see REAL) which are inheritable. It
includes 'incorporeal hcriditaments,' such as
hereditary titles of honor, and is in general a
rival class to that included in personal prop-
erty.

Ream, a quantity of paper, consisting of
(i) 20 quires of 24 sheets each, or 480 sheets,
of writing paper; (2) 472 or 500 sheets of
drawing paper; (3) 21 % quires, or 516
sheets, of printing paper,

Reamer, a hand tool used to enlarge a hole
in a metal place.

Reaping of grain was formerly done with
the sickle, but in countries where agriculture
has reached an advanced state it is now in a
great measure performed by means of the
self-binder or harvester. In 1831 Cyrus H.
McCormick invented his reaper. This ma-
chine doubled the production of wheat per
capita, and released more than one-half of the
agricultural population for manufacturing in-
dustries, In 1831 Obcd Hussey of Ohio also
invented a reaper, A more highly developed
harvesting machine of the present day is the
combined harvester and thresher, operated
by horse, steam, or other power. Wheat and
oats are usually harvested before they are
fully ripe and while the straw is still tinged
with green, as a stronger and better product
is thus obtained.

Rear Guard, a detachment of troops that
protects the rear of an army on the march. It
does all in its power to hinder the pursuit by
defending all positions, and causing the en-
emy to deploy; by destroying bridges, roads,
and boats; blockading defiles, deepening
fords, removing transportation, destroying
crops, etc.

Reason, a term used with many different
shades of meaning. We oppose reason, broad-
ly, as the human faculty to the mere sense
and instinct of the animal mind; and in de-
nning this opposition more closely, the term
reason is often specially used in reference to
man's ability to form general ideas, and so
transcend the immediate sense experience of
the moment. With the older English philo-
sophical writers, such as Locke and Hume, it
meant reasoning, as opposed to direct per-
ception and feeling. With Kant the term pure
reason is specially employed to denote the a
priori principles that are inherent in the ra-
tional faculty as contrasted with mere gener-
alizations of empirical fact. In ethics, reason
is opposed as the governing and directive
faculty to the promptings of impulse, pas-
sion, and desire. In theology, reason has been
opposed to revelation as a higher truth not
attainable by the human mind for itself, and
to faith, as the higher or spiritual faculty by
which such truth is received.

Rebec, an obsolete form of stringed instru-
ment, popular throughout Europe during the
Middle Ages. It was the precursor of the
viol.

Rebec.

Rebellion is deliberate organized resistance
by force and arms to the laws or operations
of a government by those who owe it obedi-
ence. It may afterward, if it succeeds in its
aims, come to be called a Revolution.

Rebus, an enigmatical representation of a
name or thing by using pictorial devices for
letters, syllables, or parts of words. The
term probably originates from the device
speaking to the beholder non verbis sed rebus.

Rebus, in heraldry. See Armes Parlantes.

Recall. The Recall of an Officer is an elec-
tion process by which bis constituents at-