Regalia

3956

Regina

tion and disposal at public expense, or at
least under municipal sanitary control. The
most important classes of refuse are those
kitchen and table wastes known as garbage,
market and slaughter-house wastes, ashes, old
paper, bottles and crockery, tin cans, old
leather and rubber, and cast-off articles of
apparel and furniture generally. The earliest
method of refuse disposal, after general col-
lections were introduced, was by dumping
upon land or into water, either of which
is liable to be a nuisance, while dumping
garbage or mixed refuse upon future building
sites may be an ultimate menace to health.
Earth burial of garbage alone, where land
in rural districts is available, may be a rela-
tively cheap, as it is a thoroughly sanitary,
means of disposal. Another method of treat-
ing garbage alone is by the reduction process
practiced in New York, Philadelphia, Balti-
more, Washington, and many other of the
larger cities of the United States. The gar-
bage, which must be deposited by the house-
holder in separate cans, is removed by itself
to the reduction works, where the grease is
extracted and the remaining material is made
into a fertilizer base. The usual alternative to
garbage reduction is burning or cremation.

Regalia, the ensigns of royalty, including
more particularly the apparatus of a corona-
tion. The regalia, strictly so called, of Eng-
land, with the exception of the vestments, are
now exhibited in the Jewel-room in the Tow-
er of London. Their total value is estimated
at $15,000,000.

Regatta. See Rowing.

Regelation. See Ice.

Regeneration, a theological term employ-
ed to denote the spiritual change involved in
the act of becoming a Christian. It is prob-
able that the theological usage of the term is
based on the words used by Christ to Nico-
demus, 'Except a man be born again, he can-
not see the kingdom of God.'

Regeneration of Lost Parts, in biology,
signifies the reproduction or renewal of por-
tions of an organism which have been des-
troyed from one cause or another. The first
detailed experiments known are those per-
formed in about 1740 by the Abbe Trembley,
who used the freshwater hydra, and found
that if it were cut into parts each part was
-capable of developing into a new individual.
His observations were repeated and extended
by Reaumur, Bonnet, Spallanzani, and others.
Among annelids, the power is well marked in
the earthworms and their allies. Fishes re-

generate their fins; amphibians, with some
exceptions, regenerate their tails in the larva
(tadpole) and in the adult (urodeles), and
also in some cases (salamander, but not frog)
their limbs. The most important application
of the principle involved in regeneration is
in skin grafting and in bone grafting, by
which pieces of bone from various parts of
the body, as well as portions of joints and
whole joints, have been transplanted to rem-
edy defects in other parts.

Regent, in countries monarchically govern-
ed, a person appointed to carry on the gov-
ernment in the absence, illness, or disability
of the sovereign.

Reggio di Calabria, seaport town, South-
ern Italy, cap. of the prov. of Reggio di Cala-
bria. It is the seat of an archbishop and has
a fine cathedral. Perfumes, silk, and terra
cotta are manufactured; fruits, wine, and
olives are cultivated; and there arc fishing
interests. It was partially destroyed by earth-
quake in 91 B.C., in 1783 and 1894, and on
Dec. 28, 1908, it was overwhelmed by an
earthquake that devastated much of Sicily
and Calabria; p. 129,294.

Reggio nelP Emilia, walled city, Central
Italy, cap. of the prov. of the same name,
stands on the ancient Via Emilia. It has num-
erous churches, including a fifteenth century
cathedral and the picturesque Madonna del-
la Ghiara containing some fine frescoes. Reg-
gio is the birthplace of the poet Ariosto and
of the astronomer Secchi; p. 89,611.

Regicides, the name given to the 150 com-
missioners chosen by Parliament to try
Charles i., of whom seventy acted, and fifty-
nine signed the death-warrant.

Regicides Cave, a cave situated at New
Haven, Conn., near the top of West Rock,
used as a place of hiding by the regicides
Goffe and Whalley, from whom it took its
name.

Regiment. A military unit of organiza-
tion and administration consisting ordinarily
of companies and battalions and commanded
by a colonel. The number of companies in a
battalion and battalions in a regiment, and the
number of men in a regiment vary in the
different armies. A regiment is a unit of a
brigade, in which there are ordinarily two
to three regiments. In the United States
Army, the regiment is the administrative unit
of cavalry, infantry, field artillery, and en-
gineers.

Regina, city, Canada, capital of the prov-
ince of Saskatchewan. It is an important