Rennie

3963

the engineering work of the Kennet and
Avon Canal, the Rochdale Canal, and the
Lancaster Canal; built Waterloo Bridge, and
the bridges at Musselburg, K e 1 s o , and
Southwark; and London Bridge, though not
completed till after his death, was designed
by him. He constructed or improved London
docks, East and West India docks. He also
designed and constructed the breakwater at
Plymouth.

Rennie, Sir John (1794-1874), English
civil engineer, son of John Rennie, was born
in London. He early entered his father's busi-
ness, and was knighted on completion of
London Bridge from his father's designs
(1831).

Reno, city, Nevada. It is a manufacturing,
commercial, and residential city and is the
seat of Nevada State University. In 1927,
the legislature of Nevada made it possible to
establish residence in the state in three
months, thereby increasing the number of
divorces to 2,103 the next year. In 1931 the
new six-weeks' law is said to have caused the
number of divorces to double; p. 21,317.

Renoir, Auguste (1841-1919), French
artist, one of the most important of the Im-
pressionistic school, was born in Limoges.
Renoir's art is characteristically impression-
istic. He excels in figure work, particularly
the nude, being wonderfully successful in his
flesh tints. Among his best known works are
The Ball at Montmarte, the Beautiful Bather,
Wounded Girl, Young Girls at the Piano and
portraits of Monet and Madame Charpentier
and her children.

Renouvier, Charles Bernard (1818-
1903), French philosopher, was born in
Montpellicr. After the revolution of 1848 he
published Manuel ripublkam de I'homme et
du citoyen (1848), which was charged with
advocating extreme socialistic ideas, and as
Carnot approved his ideas he made him
Minister of Public Instruction.

Rensselaer, city, New York. It is a manu-
facturing and railroad center. The chief in-
dustrial establishments arc felt, wool shoddy,
and knitting mills. The village of Bath was
annexed to it in 1902; p. 10,768.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a
school of engineering and science, was estab-
lished by Stephen Van Rensselaer in Troy,
New York, in 1824. It is the oldest school of
engineering, now in existence, to be estab-
lished in any English-speaking country. In
1930 a building for the school of architecture,
costing $400,000, and an extension to an-

Reparations

other building, costing $100,000, were con-
structed.

Rent, in ordinary language, refers to the
payment made for the occupation of land, or
of houses or other buildings erected upon it.
In political economy, rent is the difference
between the price obtained for the produce of
a given area of land and the total cost of
production. The theory of rent is associated
with the name of Ricardo, who expounded it
in his Principles of Political Economy and
Taxation (1817, 1819, and 1821), though he
had been partly anticipated by Malthus and
others.

Rent, from a legal point of view, the con-
sideration paid by a tenant to his landlord
for the use and occupation of real property.
The term is also frequently applied to desig-
nate the compensation for the use of personal
property belonging to ano^er.

Renwick, Jam^c ,1662-88), Scottish Cov-
enanter, was bom icar Moniaive, Glencairn.
Exposed to the vranny of the Privy Council,
he had to lead the life of a fugitive, but suc-
ceeded in 1684 in publishing the Apologetical
Declaration. He is celebrated in church his-
tory as 'the Angel of the Covenant/

Renwick, James (1790-1863), American
physicist, was born in Liverpool, England. In
1838 he was one of the commissioners to de-
lineate the boundary line between Maine and
New Brunswick. He translated Lallemand'i
Treatise on Artillery f and edited several Eng-
lish scientific text-books for American stud-
ents.

Renwick, James (1818-95), American
architect, was born in New York City. His
greatest work was St. Patrick's Cathedral in
New York City. Other buildings of note de-
signed by him are Grace and Calvary
churches, New York City, and the Smithson-
ian Institution and Corcoran Gallery in
Washington. His art collection he bequeathed
to the New York Metropolitan Museum.

Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints. See Mormon Church.

Repairs, a term which as used by lawyers
generally signifies the labor and expense ne-
cessary for keeping buildings in proper condi-
tion. In the absence of special stipulation the
tenant in a lease will be held responsible for
executing all repairs during its currency, and
must as a rule leave the property in the same
order as that in which he got it, except in so
far as it has deteriorated by natural decay,

Reparations, a legal term denoting com-
pensation for injuries done or restoration of