Repeal

3966

Representation

Repeal, the abrogation or annulment of a
statute by another legislative act. On Decem-
ber 5, 1933, the 18th (Prohibition) amend-
ment to the Constitution of the United States
was repealed, when Utah became the 36th
state to ratify the 2ist (Repeal) Amendment.
Thus ended one of the great social experi-
ments of the world, the United States being
the eighth nation to abandon such an ex-
periment.

Repentance, the feeling of grief experi-
enced by man when he is conscious that he
has acted wrongly in word or deed.

Repertory Theatre, a type of theatre,
common in continental European cities,
where plays of all kinds are produced, not
primarily for profit, as in the case of the or-
dinary theatre, but for cultural purposes and
the encouragement of new dramatic writers.
Notable examples are the Comedie-Fran^aise
in Paris, the Burgtheatre in Vienna, the Na-
tional Theatre in Oslo, Norway, and the Ber-
lin Schauspielhaus, Germany. The Civic Rep-
ertory Theatre organized by Eva Le Gal-
lienne and others in New York City has en-
joyed great success. The Theatre Guild, also
in New York City, which has built a beauti-
ful theatre for its productions, may in a
broad sense be considered a repertory theatre,
although strictly speaking it cannot be so
classed since its productions have continuous
runs of varying lengths and only one play
is produced at a time. It also leases other
theatres for its use.

Repin, Ilia Yefimovitch (EHas) (1844-
1918.), Russian portrait and genre painter,
was born near Kharkov. He studied in St.
Petersburg, and in 1870 was awarded a trav-
eling scholarship for his Raising of Jairus*
Daughter. Before entering on his foreign
study he painted and exhibited his Burlaki
('Bargemen on the Towpath'), considered
the first masterpiece of modern Russian art.
His portraits are remarkable for characteris-
tic insight and powerful handling, especially
one showing Tolstoi striding behind his
plough. Other important pictures are Ivan the
Cruel (1885), St. Nicholas-Staying an Execu-
tion (1889).

Replevin, a common law action for the
recovery of personal property, the first step
of which is for an officer to take possession
of the property and deliver it to the plaintiff
upon receiving from him a bond of indem-
nity.

Reports, Law. Printed collections of
complete or abridged transcripts of records of
cases determined in courts of kw. At present

in England and in all the States of the United
States official court reporters, or officials
performing the same duties, are appointed
or designated, and official reports of at least
the important cases of the highest courts of
record and of some of the inferior courts
are issued in each State.

Repousse, a term used by artists in metal
to describe designs that are first ham-
mered up from the inner side of the object
to be decorated (vases, shields, cups), and
then finished by chasing with a graver. In
the 16th century Cellini was the great master
of this art, especially in its application to the
precious metals. This art was revived hi
France about the middle of the igth century.

Repplier, Agnes (1858- ), American
essayist and critic, of French extraction, was
educated at the Sacred Heart Convent, Tor-
resdale, Pa. Her essays are distinguished by
dignity of treatment, a lucid style, and a
delicate sense of humor. Her publications
include Books of Men (1888); Points of
View (1891); The Fireside Sphinx, a charm-
ing and sympathetic study of cats (1901);
Compromises (1904); Mere Marie, of the
Ursulines (1931); To Think of Tea (1932).

Representation, in politics, is the term
applied to the system under which power is
exercised by an individual or body in virtue
of popular election. An early stage in the
history of representation is to be found in
the national assemblies of estates, of parlia-
ments in the i2th and i3th centuries. The
royal exchequers were in a continual condi-
tion of bankruptcy. It became necessary to
devise a new system of taxation, and to that
end the different communities were bidden
to send representatives to a central assembly.
It was soon discovered that a petition pre-
sented in Parliament, especially a petition
presented by Parliament, was infinitely more
likely to succeed than a petition presented to
the king in the old private way. In the i^th
century we find statutes regulating the fran-
chise and the qualification of members, and
providing for the frequent assembling of par-
liaments. The 16th century was a century of
reaction against parliamentary institutions
all over Europe. In England, Parliament
practically became an instrument in the
hands of the monarch. The iyth century wit-
nessed a great revival of the power of Parlia-
ment, which began with the opposition to
James i., and culminated in the revolution
of 1688. This latter event ultimately trans-
ferred the supreme control, not only in leg-
islation but also in administration, both of