Rest-harrow

Retaining Walls

restaurants. The cafeteria, of Western origin,
has gained great popularity in the last decade,
and is to be found throughout the United
States.

Rest-harrow (Ononis arvensis), a peren-
nial leguminous plant of Europe, most fre-
quently found on sandy ground near the sea.

Restigouche, river (200 m. long) between
New Brunswick and Quebec, Canada, form-
ing for some 50 miles the boundary between
these provinces. The name, Restigouche,
meaning 'the river that divides like the hand,'
was given with reference to its five main
branches.

Restoration, the process of renovating a
building so that it shall wholly or in part re-
gain its original character. Such work was
first undertaken in the iQth century when an
interest in ancient buildings, particularly the
old cathedrals and monastic buildings, began
to take a strong hold on the discriminating
public. Among the most important examples
of restoration are many of the English and
French cathedrals.

Restoration, a term applied, in English
history, to the accession of Charles n. (1660)
and, in French history, to the accession of
Louis xvra., first in 1814, and secondly on
Tune 28, 1815.

Restorationists, generally, those who hold
the doctrine that all men, even the unbeliev-
ing and unrepentant, after and by means of
due punishment, shall be restored to the di-
vine favor and saved. The term is applied
specifically to a small body in the United
States known as Universal Restorationists,
who as followers of Rev. Hosea Ballou, a
Universalist clergyman of Boston, maintained
an organization for a short time (1830-41)
in Mendon, Mass.

Restoration of Pictures. See Picture-
Restoring.

Restraint of Marriage. The marriage re-
lation is favored and protected by law, and
provisions in a contract, will, or deed having
for their object the restraint of marriage are
invalid. However, the law does not prohibit
a person from providing for another while
he or she continues in an unmarried state.

Restraint of Trade. A covenant in re-
straint of trade is one made by an employee
on joining a business, or a trader on selling
a business, not to carry on the same trade
within a certain area or for a certain term.
See MONOPOLIES; TRUSTS.

Resurrection, the rising again of the body
from the grave, and its reunion with the soul.
Anticipations of the beliei are found aniong

the Zoroastrians and the Egyptians; the
Greek conception of the immortality of the
soul, however, as developed in Plato's Phcedo,
was independent of the notion of bodily re-
vival. It is not till comparatively late in the
development of the Hebrew religion that the
doctrine of resurrection appears. The words
of Jesus do not necessarily imply a belief in
a bodily or universal resurrection, but the
apostles, regarding His resurrection as the
crowning proof, proclaimed it as universal.

Resurrectionists, or Resurrection-men,
otherwise Body-lifters or Body-snatchers,
terms popularly applied in England to a class
of men who (c. 1760-6. 1835) used to disinter
newly buried corpses and sell them to the
medical schools for dissection.

Resuscitation. In apparent death both
the circulation and the respiration are at a
low ebb, and may even be suspended. When
failure of the respiratory function is the cause
of apparent death, the patient is said to be
asphyxiated. Should the circulatory appara-
tus be primarily at fault, syncope results. The
most important causes of asphyxia are drown-
ing and inhalation of noxious fumes or gases.
There are several manual methods of restor-
ing respiration, and insufflation and electrical
stimulation are also used. The pulmotor is
widely used in cases of drowning and as-
phyxia and a recently developed 'artificial
lung' can prolong respiration when the re-
spiratory system has been paralyzed.

Reszke, Jean de (1853-1925), Polish op-
eratic singer, was born at Warsaw. He made
his debut as a baritone at Venice in 1874,
but a few years later became one of the
greatest dramatic tenors. He and his brother
EDOUARD, a bass singer, were favorite mem-
bers of the Metropolitan Opera House Com-
pany in New York for many years.

Retainer. A fee paid to an attorney and
counsellor at law to engage his professional
services in a particular action or in all legal
matters in which the client may be involved
during a certain period. The term is also
applied to a written authorization given by
a client to an attorney to represent him in
one or more legal matters.

Retaining Walls are walls built for the
purpose of confining water or earth, and form
important parts in the construction of reser-
voirs, docks, fortifications, railways, and
roads. The ways in which a retaining wall
may fail are by revolving about the front of
any horizontal joint; by sliding on the plane
of any horizontal joint; or by the bulging of
the body of the masonry. The first is the