Rhine

3984

Rhizopoda

Rhine and Rhone Canal, constructed be-
tween 1783 and 1834, connects the river 111
(which in turn is connected with the Rhine
by canal) with the Saone in France. Length,
217 m., of which 117 m. are in French ter-
ritory. There are 87 locks, and it is navi-
gable throughout for vessels drawing up to
654 ft.

Rhineland, or Rhine Province, or Rhen-
ish Prussia, prov. of Prussia, between Bel-
gium and Luxemburg on the w. and Hesse-
Nassau and Westphalia on the e. It is
drained by the Rhine and its tributaries, and
diversified by the Hochwald, Idarwald, Huns-
ruck, Westerwald, Siebengebirge, and Sauer-
land Mountains. On the left border are the
volcanic mass of the Eifel and the Hoher
Venn. The n.w. is flat and low. The high-
er districts are nearly all forest, and the low-
er given up to raining. Wine is extensively
produced in the valleys of the Rhine, Moselle,
and Saar. Sugar, hops, and flax are grown,
and fruit is abundant. By far the most im-
portant ocupations are mining and manu-
facturing. The principal mineral is coal, ex-
tracted around Saarbrucken and Aachen. The
output amounts to nearly 30 million tons an-
nually. Over a million tons of iron are mined.
Industrially, Rhineland stands at the head of
all the provinces of both Prussia and the em-
pire. The iron works are concentrated in Es-
sen (Krupp's cannon foundry),Duisburg, Diis-
seldorf, Cologne, Neunkirchen, and Aachen.
Solingen and Remscheid are famous for their
cutlery; Aachen and Burtscheid for their
needles and doth and woolens; Crefeld for
silk, velvet, and woolens; Elberfeld-Barmen
for cottons, Turkey-red dyeing, and silks; Co-
logne for scent; Duisburg for cottons and
chemicals; Treves for stone-dressing for build-
ing churches; Diiren and Juliers for paper;
Koblenz for wines. Sugar, beer, spirits, brass,
linen, leather, glass, pottery, and mosaics also
are produced on a large scale. The capital is
Koblenz; area, 10,323 sq, m.; p. 7,120,519.
The industrial parts of the province were
heavily bombed in World War II.

Rhine, Rhenish, or German Wines,
names given to the products of the vine-
yards bordering on the Rhine, Moselle, and
Main. Still and sparkling white and red
wines are produced. Moselle wines are in
general lighter and more acid than those
from the Rhines. Rhine wines are also made
from the grapes of California vineyards* See
HOCK; MOSELLE,

Rhinoceros, a genus of perissodactyle un-
gulates. Living species are confined to Africa
and Asia, but the extinct species lived in Eu-
rope and North America as well as in Asia.
From their allies, the tapirs, the rhinoceroses
differ in having only three toes on each foot,
in the character of their cheek teeth, and
usually in the presence of one or two median
horns on the front of the head. The rhino-
ceros is a bulky animal, taller than the hippo-
potamus, though not quite so long in the
body. All the species are purely herbivorous.
There are three living Asiatic species, of
which the largest is R. unicornis, the one-
horned Indian rhinoceros, not infrequently
seen in captivity. The smaller R. sondaicus
is found through Burma and the Malay Pen-
insula to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo; while
the third species (R. sumatrensis) occurs
throughout almost the same region, but is
absent from Java.

Rhinoceros Beetle, a large grayish, scara-
beid be'ttle (Dynastes tityus) of the South-
eastern United States, the male of which has
a tall, curved horn upon the head and an-
other projecting forward from the throat.

Rhinoplastic Operations arc performed
with a view to remedying the unsightliness
caused by entire or partial loss of the nose.
The Indian operation was introduced into
Great Britain in 1814. By this method a
leaf-shaped flap is dissected from the fore-
head, and is twisted downward so as to occu-
py the site of the missing nose. The space on
the forehead may be partially closed by
sutures. At a later date the edges are pared
and sutured to the nasal stump; and still
later the columna nasi is formed by dissecting
a narrow perpendicular flap from the upper
lip and by sliding it upward to meet the tip
of the nose, where it is secured by stitches.

Rhinoscopy, in medicine, the examination
of the interior of the nose.

Rhizome, a root-stock or thick, procumb-
bent, rootlike stem, which lies partly or en-
tirely below the surface of the soil, and emits
roots or rootlets from its under side, and
herbaceous stems or leaves from its upper
side.

Rhizopoda, a class of Protozoa, consisting
of minute naked or testaceous protoplasmic
forms of rudimentary structure, which move
by means of pseudopodia of defined types.
The rhizopoda have been subdivided into the
orders Am&bina and ConchuUw, the form-
er being naked and the latter testaceous; and