Rice

3992

Richard ia

country in addition to collecting gjological
and biological data. He is now professor of
geographical exploration and director of the
Institute of Geographical Exploration found-
ed by him at Harvard. He has received
numerous awards from both American and
foreign societies.

Rice, Alice Caldweli (Hegan) (1870-
1942), American author, was born in Shelby-
ville, Ky. Her first book Mrs. Wiggs of the
Cabbage Patch (1901), was at once accepted,
and is known in every place where English
is spoken. In 1902 she was married to Cale
Young Rice, poet and dramatist. Her other
publications include Lovey Mary (1903),
Mr. Opp (1909), Quin (1921), and Mr. Pete
& Co. (1933).

Rice, Cale Young (1872-1943), American
poet and dramatist, born at Dixon, Ky. He
is the husband of Alice Hegan Rice, His
works include Sea Poems (1921), Yolanda
of Cyprus, grand opera (1929), and The
Swamp Bird, play (1931).

Rice, Elmer (1892- ), American play-
wright born in New York City. His play
The Adding Machine, was first produced by
the Theatre Guild in New York in 1923. In
1929 his Street Scene was awarded the
Pulitzer prize. His more recent plays include
Counsellor-at Law (1931); We, the People
(i933); Plight to the West (1941).

Rice, George Samuel (1866- ), min-
ing engineer born at Claremont, N. H. He
has been chief mining engineer of the U. S.
Bureau of Mines since its formation in 1910
and in charge of a series of investigations in
which coal dust explosions are produced in a
government experimental mine in order to
study underlying causes of such accidents.

Rice, Joseph Mayer (1870-1934), author,
born at Philadelphia. He founded the Society
of Educational Research in 1903 and was
editor of the Forum from 1897-1907. His
works include, Scientific Management in Edu-
cation (1913); The People's Government

(1915)-

Rice-bird, a name given both to the bobo-
link and to the Java sparrow or paddy-bird
(Munia oryzivora), an East Indian finch, fre-
quently kept as a cage bird in Europe. Both
birds commit great ravages in the rice fields.

Rice-paper is not made from rice, but
from the pith of a tree (Fatsia Aralia papyri-
fera} grown in Formosa,

Richard I., Cceur de Lion (1157-99),
king of England. On his accession (1189) he
devoted all his efforts to raising money to

enable him to go on a crusade. He sailed for
the East, December, 1190. In June, 1191, he
arrived at Acre, where he met Philip of
France. Richard's energy and prowess con-
tributed to the capture of Acre, and having
defeated the Saracens at Arsuf, he arrived
within a few miles of Jerusalem. But in Janu-
ary, 1192, he was forced to retreat. On his
way home he was made prisoner by Leopold,
Duke of Austria, who handed him over to
the Emperor Henry VL, and it was not till
1194 that he was released on payment of a
ransom. After Richard's arrival in England
(1194) John was easily reduced to submis-
sion, Richard was killed while attacking
Chaluz. See Archer's The Crusade oj Richard
L (1889).

Richard II. (1367-1400), king of England,
was the son of the Black Prince, and ascend-
ed the throne (1377). In 1381 Wat Tyler's
rebellion took place, and Richard showed
great presence of mind when he met the
rebels. Thomas of Gloucester, the king's
uncle, took the lead in attacking the king;
and when Richard asserted his rights, he and
others seized London, and overthrew the
king's friends. In 1389, however, Richard
resumed the government. At Shrewsbury, in
1398, Parliament handed over its authority
to a standing committee. In February, 1399,
Richard seized the estates of John of Gaunt,
who had just died, and in May he sailed to
Ireland, During his absence Bolingbroke re-
turned, and capturing Richard at Flint, de-
posed him, and became king. It is supposed
that Richard was murdered in Pontefract
Castle.

Richard III. (1452-85), king of England,
was a son of Richard, Duke of York, who was
killed at the battle of Wakefield, and a
younger brother of Edward rv. On July 6,
1483, he was crowned king, and about a
month later the two princes, Edward v. and
his brother, were murdered in the Tower of
London. Buckingham invited Henry, Earl
of Richmond, to come over to England and
receive the crown. The conspiracy failed.
However, Buckingham was executed, and his
chief associate, Morton, bishop of Ely, fled
to Flanders. Richard protected English trade
abroad, organzied the naval and postal
systems and improved the administration of
justice. On August 22, Richard was defeated
and killed at Bosworth Field, See Gairdner's
Life and Reign of Richard HI. (1878).

Richardia, a genus of S. African marsh
plants belonging to the order Araceto. Much