Ridley

3997

Rietschel

On the trot the rider must get into the
swing of the horse, and learn to rise grace-
fully in the saddle to meet the rise of the
horse's back, without bumping or permitting
too much daylight between himself and the
saddle. The army seat in the trot is without
rising, and the horse and the rider are one.
The stirrups must be longer for this. In the
gallop, give the horse perfect freedom with
his head, or he may stumble. In jumping, give
him a long rein, for on landing he needs his
head to recover himself. See Fox HUNT-
ING; BRIDLE; SADDLE.

Ridley, Nicholas (?i$oo-5s), English re-
former, bishop of London, and martyr, son
of a Northumberland squire. He received
the vicarage of Soham, Cambridgeshire, and
was created bishop of Rochester (1547). A
leader of the reformed faith, Ridley assisted
in compiling the English Prayer Book (1548)
and reforming the ecclesiastical law; and on
Bonner's deprivation succeeded him as bishop
of London (1550). On the accession of Mary
he was arrested (March, 1554); was sent to
Oxford, with Latimer and Cranmer, to be
tried; and was condemned to suffer at the
stake. He lav in Bocardo jail at Oxford for
eighteen months; and after the formality of a
second trial he was burned at the stake
(1555), along with Latimer. Consult G. Rid-
ley's Life.

Riel, Louis (1844-85), Canadian insurg-
ent, was educated at the Jesuit College,
Montreal and then worked for two years in
Minnesota. His father, a Metis or French-
Indian half-breed, in 1849 headed their re-
volt against the Hudson's Bay Company,
which owned the Northwest. In 1869 the
Company sold its political rights to the Do-
minion of Canada, which sent a host of sur-
veyors and officials to take possession, with-
out guarantee or explanation to the old resi-
dents. The Me"tis rose, ordered the party not
to enter, armed several hundred men, and
barricaded the road. Riel took the lead, as
secretary of a 'Comite National des Metis';
moved his force, into the heavily armed and
stocked Fort Garry; and thence terrorized the
non-French settlers who refused to join. He
styled himself 'president of the Republic of
the Northwest/ and had a Bill of Rights
drawn up, claiming for the M6tis a share of
the payment made to the company.

The Dominion Parliament, though victori-
ous, embodied this in its Manitoba Act, but
Riel outlawed his part in it by the judicial
murder of an Ontario Orangeman, Thomas
Scott, who stood out. When, the next summer,

Col. Garnet Wolseley led an expedition against
Riel, the latter's force had all deserted. In
1884 he was invited back to lead a fresh
Metis agitation. The claims being refused, he
again set up a provisional government
(March, 1885), which was soon crushed; and
he was taken to Regina, tried, and executed.

Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard
(1826-66), German mathematician, was born
in Breselenz. He contributed to mathematics
a non-Euclidean system of geometry, and in-
troduced new and valuable theories in con-
nection with the study of functions and
surfaces. His works include: Grundlagen
lur Allgemeine Theorie der Funktionen einer
Veranderlichen Complexen Grosse (1851);
Ueber die Hypothesen, Welche der Geometric
zu Grunde Liegen (posthumously, 1867).
Consult Schering's Life, in German.

Rienzi, Cola di (i.e., Nicholas son of
Lorenzo) (c. 1313-54), Roman popular lead-
er, was the son of a tavern keeper. Growing
famed for eloquence and patriotic dreams,
in 1343 he was made spokesman of a depu-
tation to Clement vi., urging his return to
Rome, and the grant of a jubilee to bring
crowds and money. The latter was secured,
and Rienzi was appointed city notary. As
the magistrates would reform nothing, he
with the Pope's vicar organized a revolution,
proclaiming a set of new laws, making him-
self supreme ruler as Tribune, and ordering
the barons to put down brigandage. Resist-
ing him, the latter were either driven out or
forced to obey, thus giving Central Italy its
only good government for ages before and
after. Then a mad vision for his city, a fool-
ish attempt to crush his foes, and family am-
bition combined to ruin him. He lost heart
and resigned, after seven months' rule.

Innocent vi., on his accession, sent Rienzi
back to Rome to help restore order. He was
asked by the chief men to retake power, but
the populace rose in sudden insurrection,
stormed the palace, and in fleeing he was
caught and slain. Rienzi's story rests chiefly
on one anonymous but sound and charming
contemporary chronicle, and on Petrarch's
letters. He is the subject of a novel by Lord
Lytton, and of an opera by Wagner.

Riesengebirge, the highest range of the
Sudetic Mountains, Germany, separating Bo-
hemia from Prussian Silesia, and stretching
n.w. to s.e. for 23 m,, and from 13 to 16 m.
wide. The highest point is Schneekoppe
(5,265 ft.).

Rietschel, Ernst (1804-61), German
sculptor, was born in Pulsnitz, Saxony. From