Rivera

4006

Rizal

erosion, others of deposition, and many are
alternately the one and the other, with flood-
ing and shrinking. In law, a river is con-
sidered to be a stream of water larger in vol-
ume than a creek or brook, flowing in one
direction constantly, or up and down with
the tide, and discharging into a larger body
of water. In general, the public possesses
the right to navigate rivers capable of navi-
gation. But in the U. S. legislation affecting
navigation, as well as the improvement of
navigable rivers, is vested in Congress, or, in
lieu of Congressional action, in the state
legislatures.

Rivera, Diego (1886- ), artist, was
born in Guanajuato, Mexico, of an intellec-
tual family of liberal views. He studied art
in Mexico, Spain, and France where he came
under the influence of the political teachings
of Russian exiles. He was highly affected by
the work of Cezanne, and became the friend
and student of Picasso. After a trip to Italy
in 1920, he began to think and plan in terms
of murals. Rivera and the Mexican painter
Orozco are now painting the true fresco, a
difficult art. Rivera's work commissioned
for Rockefeller Center was destroyed, owing
to his refusal to substitute another for the
likeness of Lenin, but examples of his work
may be seen in New York City, Detroit, San
Francisco, and government buildings in Mex-
ico. His frescoes, by their radical subjects,
have provoked bitter criticism, as well as the
highest praise for their excellence as works
of art.

River Brethren originated among some
Swiss settlers in Pennsylvania, supposed to
have been Mennonites. In consequence of a
revival about 1770 a number of churches
were organized, the first members receiving
baptism in the Susquehanna, whence their
name. About half of the total membership
is hi Pennsylvania. They practise trine im-
mersion, washing of feet, non-resistance, and
non-conformity to worldly practices.

Riverside, city, California. It is a resi-
dential city and is known for its beautiful
tree-lined drives. Riverside is a shipping
point for citrus and deciduous fruits, grain,
dairy products, and poultry. An extensive
trade is carried on in Portland cement which
is manufactured here; p.34,696.

Rives, Alfred Land on (1830-1903), Am-
erican engineer, was born in Paris, France.
He was one of the assistant engineers in
charge of the construction of the Capitol at
Washington, the Washington aqueduct, Poto-
mac River improVementSi and other Govern-

ment works. He was chief engineer of the
Cape Cod Canal.

Rives, Amelie (Princess Troubetz-
koy) (1863- ), American author and
poet, was born in Richmond, Va. In 1888
appeared The Quick or the Dead? a novel
which, because of its fervid style, attracted
much attention and invited some ridicule.
This was followed by Virginia of Virginia
(1888); and other works including As the
Wind Blew, poems (1920) ; The Sea Woman's
Cloak (1923); The Prince and the Pauper
(1920); Love-in-a-Mist (1926); Firedamp

Rives, William Cabell (1793-1868), Am-
erican politician, was born in Nelson co.,
Va. Appointed minister to France by Jack-
son in 1829, he negotiated the indemnity
treaty, signed July 4, 1831, and returned to
America in 1832 to enter the U. S. Senate.
He was again minister to France in 1849-53.

Riviera, a narrow strip of coast on the
Gulf of Genoa, Italy, extending into France.
Owing to its sheltered climate and the natural
beauty of its scenery, the different towns
along the coast— such as Pegli, San Remo,
Ospedaletti, Bordighera, Mentone, Monte
Carlo, Monaco, and Nice— are favorite health
and pleasure resorts. Parallel with the coast
runs La Corniche, a picturesque road built
by the Romans, and widened by Napoleon i.
in 1800.

Riviere, Briton (1840-1920), English ani-
mal painter of Huguenot descent, born in
London. Six of his pictures are in the Tate
Gallery, London; his Sympathy (1877) is in
Holloway College. His masterpiece is Per-
sepolis (1878).

Rivington, James (c. 1724-1802), Amer-
ican Loyalist journalist, born in London.
From 1773 until his press was destroyed by
a party of Connecticut militia in 1775, he
published the New York Gazetteer in the
Tory interest. Toward the close of the war,
when American success seemed likely, Riv-
ington began to furnish secret information
to Washington, and on the British evacuation
endeavored to continue his paper under the
name of Rivington's New York Gazette and
Universal Advertiser, but he was unpopular
and his paper soon ceased publication.

Rix, Julian Walbridge (1850-1903),
American landscape painter, born at Peaca-
am, Vt, St. John's Harbor (1903) is one of
his best pictures.

Rixey, Presley Marion (1832-1928) , Am-
erican naval surgeon, born in Culpeper, Va.

Rizal, Jose (1861-96), Filipino author and