Rochester

4013

Rockefeller

transport have made Rochester one of the
outstanding cities in the country in trans-
portation facilities; p.324,975.

The first settler came to this locality in 1788,
but the first frame house was not erected un-
til 1812, on the site of the present Powers
Building. The first proprietors of the land
were three Maryland men, Nathaniel Roch-
ester, William Fitzhugh, and Charles Carroll.
In 1817 the village was incorporated as Roch-
ester ville, and five years later the name was
changed to Rochester. An era of rapid prog-
ress began with the opening of the Erie Canal
:n 1825. Noteworthy political activity center-
ed in Rochester in connection with the Anti-
Masonic party and the anti-slavery move-
ment, William Morgan, the Mason, was a
resident of Rochester, as were also Myron
Holley and Frederick Douglass, the aboli-
tionist leaders.

Rochester, municipal and parliamentary
borough, city and seaport, Kent, England.
The cathedral, which dates chiefly from the
nth and i2th centuries, is especially notable
for its Norman doorway and its fine isth
century frescoes. Other buildings of interest
are the Guildhall (iyth century) and Watt's
Charity House (1579). Remains exist of the
walls (isth century) which once surrounded
the city. Charles Dickens' home at Gadshill
is only 4 m. distant; p. 31,196.

Rochester, John Wilmot, Second Earl of
(1647-80), English poet and courtier. His wit
md social habits gained him great favor with
Charles n. He posed as a patron of letters—
Dry den, Nat Lee, Otway, and others enjoying
his favor.

Rochester, Nathaniel (1752-1831), Am-
erican pioneer, was born in Westmoreland co.,
Va. In 1802 with Charles Carroll and Wil-
liam Fitzhugh, he bought the land on which
Rochester, N. Y., now stands, and in 1812 a
settlement was made there, called Rochester-
ville. Rochester went to Western New York
in 1810, but did not settle in Rochester until
1818. He was active in the movement for the
construction of the Erie Canal.

Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics
Institute, a non-sectarian training school
for both sexes in Rochester, N. Y., founded
in 1885, and supported almost entirely by
tuition fees and contributions from citizens
of Rochester.

Rochester Theological Seminary, a di-
vinity school in Rochester, N. Y., founded in
1850 by the New York Baptist Union for

Ministerial Education, and open to students
of a]l denominations holding a college degree.

Rochester, University of, a coeducational
institution for higher education at Rochester,
N. Y., was founded in 1850 and incorporated
in 1851. It was Baptist in origin, but is now
non-sectarian. Women were first admitted
in 1900; in 1912 it was decided to provide co-
odinate instruction in separate classes for
men and women, and in 1914 the separation
into a College for Men and a College for
Women was completed. In 1919 the Eastman
School of Music was instituted, for which Mr.
George Eastman contributed $4,500,000. The
School of Medicine and Dentistry was found-
ed in 1920 with gifts from Mr. George East-
man ($4,000,000) and from the General-Edu-
cation Board ($5,000,000), affiliated with the
Rochester Dental Dispensary ($3,500,000).

Rochet, a close-fitting linen garment worn
by bishops of the Anglican Church under the
chimere, or black satin robe to which the
lawn sleeves are usually attached. Roman
Catholic bishops and abbots usually wear the
rochet under a manteletta.

Rockaway Beach, seaside resort of Long
Island, New York.

Rock Basins are surface hollows, usually
occupied by lakes or marshes, everywhere
surrounded by barriers of rock. One school
of geologists teaches that during the Ice Age
these valleys were filled with glaciers many
hundreds of feet thick, and that where the
ice accumulated to greatest depth, and when
it was in most rapid motion, it ground out
the rocky floor on which it rested, thus pro-
ducing hollows.

Rock Bass, also known as Redeye or Gog-
gle-eye, is one of the commonest of the
basses.

Rockefeller, John Davison, Sr. (1839-
JQS?)> American capitalist, was born in Rich-
ford, Tioga co., N. Y. In 1858 he entered
business independently with a partner named
Clark; and in 1862, with another partner by
the name of Andrews, he embarked in the
business of refining petroleum. Two years
later his brother William was received into
partnership, and in 1865 a new refinery,
called the Standard Oil Refinery, was estab-
lished by them. Five years later the various
branches were combined under the name of
the Standard Oil Company, with John D.
Rockefeller as president and leading spirit.
He became one of the richest men in the
world. He retired from business in 1911, and