Roper

4040

Rosace^

bishop, was born near Tamaroa, Perry co.,
111. He studied at the Episcopal Theological
Seminary, Cambridge, Mass. In 1896 he
went to China, where he was engaged in gen-
eral missionary work until 1904. In that
year he was consecrated missionary bishop
of Hankow, China.

Roper, Daniel Calhoun (1867-1943),
Secretary of Commerce, was born in Marl-
boro co., S. C. He was a member of the
S. C. House of Representatives, 1892-4;
clerk of the U. S. Senate Committee on In-
terstate Commerce, 1894-7; clerk of the
Ways and Means Committee of the House
of Representatives, 1910-13; first-asst. Post-
master-General, 1913-16; vice-chairman U.
S. Tariff Commission, 1917; commissioner of
Internal Revenue, 1917-20; Secretary oi
Commerce 1933-39.

Ropes. The term rope is usually confined
to the larger species of cordage, such as ex-
ceed one inch in circumference, though the
principles of manufacture are the same for all
kinds of cordage. The materials used in-
clude Manila hemp, flax, cotton, hemp, jute,
sisal, coir, and other vegetable fibres. These
are spun into yarn by machines resembling
in principle those used for spinning cotton.
A dozen of these yarns may be 'laid' to-
gether by machine, to form a small strand
called twine, and three or more strands be
similarly laid together to form a small cord.
For rope making the same operations are
performed, but with a larger number of yarns
to the strand. The first machines for rope
making were used in England in 1820; while
thoroughly practical machinery was first em-
ployed in Massachusetts in 1834. Since that
time many improvements have been made,
and American rope-making machinery is used
all over the world.

Rops, Felicien (1833-98), Belgian painter
and etcher, was born in Namur. He gained
a high reputation as an engraver and painter
in oil and water colors. Examples of his art
are the engravings Buveuse d'Absinthe (1865)
and Dante au Pantin (1871), and the water
colors Xa Scandale (1876), Une Attrapade
(1877), Tentation de St. Antoine (1878), and
Pornocrates (1878). He was also an illustra-
tor of note.

Roque, a development of the game of cro-
quet, but requiring a greater degree of skill
and accuracy. It can be played by two,
but four or eight players, playing partners,
make a more interesting contest. The Na-
tional Roque Association, which controls the
game in America, was founded in 1882, and

since that time has held annual champion-
ship tournaments, the title being awarded
in three divisions, the players being formed
into classes according to merit. There are
also sectional tournaments with champion-
ships. For rules of the game, consult Spald-
ing's Official Roque Guide.

Roque, Saint (1293-1327), patron saint of
sufferers from plague, was born in Mont-
pellier and travelled as a pilgrim through
France, Italy, Spain, and Germany, minis-
tering to the sick.

Roquefort, town, Southern France, in the
department of Aveyron. It has been famous
since Roman times for its cheeses, made of
goat's milk and sheep's milk and matured in
grottoes and cellars beneath the village; p.
1,200.

Roraima, highest mountain in British
Guiana, the culminating point of the Paca-
raima range, situated at a point where Vene-
zuela, British Guiana, and Brazil meet. The
upper part rises in precipices from 1,600 to
3,000 ft. high; the upper surface is an im-
mense red sandstone rock, nearly 8 m. long,
and extremely picturesque. The highest
point is 8,740 ft. above sea-level.

Rosa, Carl August Nicholas (1843-89),
German operatic impresario and musician,
was born in Hamburg, his real name being
Rose. He studied in Leipzig and in Paris3
made a tour of the United States in 1867,
when he married Euphrosyne Parepa, the
famous soprano, and sang with her in the
principal American cities in 1869-72.

Rosa, Monte, the name given to a group
of lofty Alpine peaks between Switzerland
and Italy, near Zermatt.

Rosa, Salvator (1615-73), Italian painter,
etcher, and poet, was born near Naples. He
went in 1635 to Rome, where he found favor
with Cardinal Brancaccia. He returned to
Naples, but in 1639 again went to Rome,
where he soon became famous as a painter,
poet, and musician, and where, except for
nine years in Florence (1642-51), he spent
the remainder of his life. Rosa was especially
successful in battle scenes, marine views, and
landscapes, particularly wild and gloomy
scenes, storms, and tempests. Among his
best known pictures are the Conspiracy of
Catiline, La Fortiwa, Prometheus, Jacob's
Dream, Jonas Preaching at Nineveh, Saul and
the Witch of Endor.

Rosaceae, a large natural order of plants,
including the apple, pear, plum, strawberry,
raspberry, almond, and rose. The flowers
usually consist of a five-bbed calyx, five