Rosario

4041

Rose

regular petals inserted on the calyx, num-
erous stamens, and a variable pistil. Among
the genera are Rosa, Pyrus, Mcspilus, Rubus,
Geum, Dryas, Potentilla, Fragaria, Spiraea,
and Prunus.

Rosario, town, Argentina, in the province
of Santa Fe, the second largest city of the
country, on the Parana River. It is a flour-
ishing modern town, the terminus of six rail-
ways, a port, and an emporium of commerce.
Large sugar refineries are situated here; p.
265,000.

Rosary, or Prayer Beads, a string -of
beads of various sizes by means of which
count is kept of prayers. In-the rosary used
in the Roman Catholic Church the smaller
beads represent Ave Marias, the larger Pater-
nosters. The ordinary rosary consists of
fifty-five beads, each ten Ave Marias being
separated by a Paternoster. /The rosary of
the Blessed Virgin consists of fifteen decades
of prayers, containing fifteen paternosters
and doxologies, and 150 Ave Marias. The
lesser rosary is composed of a third of these
exercises. Rosary Sunday, instituted by Greg-
ory xm., is the first Sunday in October.

Rosas, Juan Manuel (1793-1887), Argen-
tine dictator, was born in Buenos Ayres. In
1829 he became governor, and in 1835 dicta-
tor, of Buenos Ayres. His energetic rule
soon restored tranquillity to a province dis-
tracted by twenty years of civil strife, and
his 'League of Governors' was the germ of
the Argentine Republic.

Rosdher, Wilhelm (1817-94), German
political economist, was born in Hanover.
In 1848 he was called to the chair of political
economy at Leipzig, and there he remained,
exercising a wide influence, until his death.
Not the least valuable of his writings are his
critiques of early writers on economics.

Roscius, Quintus (?-6a B.C.), the most
famous comedian of ancient Rome, was born
in Solonium, near Lanuvium, He was pat-
ronized by the dictator Sulk, and was an
intimate friend of Cicero.

Roscoe, Sir Henry Enfield (1833-1915),
English chemist, born in London, was a
grandson of William Roscoe, the historian.
He was professor of chemistry at Owens Col-
'lege, Manchester, 1857-1887, and vice chan-
cellor of the University of London, 1896-
1902. His chief chemical researches were on
vanadium and the chemical action of light.

Roscoe, William (1753-1831), English
historian, was born in Liverpool. His num-
erous writings include a protest against the
slave trade (Wrongs of Africa, 1787-88), oi

which he was a staunch opponent, but it is
as the historian of Lorenzo oV Medici (1795),
and of Pope Leo x. (1805), that he is best
remembered.

Roscommon, inland county, Ireland, in the
province of Connaught; with an area of 915
sq. m. The surface is level or undulating
with hills in the n. Agriculture is the princi-
pal industry; p. 93,904.

Rose (Rosa), a genus of ornamental shrub?
grown chiefly for their beautiful flowers and
handsome foliage. They are found in all
countries of the world and are native to al)
except parts of South America and the trop-
ics. Rose cultivation is among the oldest
branches of horticulture and the rose is a
prime favorite among all lovers of flowers

Roses are mostly low, medium sized
shrubs, usually with prickly stems, odd-pin-
nate leaves, and large solitary or clustered
flowers ranging in color from a deep rich
crimson to white and yellow. There are single
and double varieties, wild and cultivated;
climbing, bushy, dwarf, and tall; some ex-
ceedingly fragrant, some practically odorless.

For practical purposes, roses may be di-
vided into two great classes: summer roses,
blooming in May, June, and July; and au-
tumn roses, blooming from May until the
frost comes. Among the summer roses are
the Provence Rose (R. centifoHa); the Moss
Rose; the Damask Rose (R. damascened;
the Sweet Briars (R. rubiginosa); the Poly-
antha roses (R. mvltiflora), among which
are the well known Crimson Ramblers; and
the Wichuraiana roses (R. wichuraiana),
which include the Dorothy Perkins, Minne-
haha, Gardenia, Lady Godiva, and other
popular varieties. The autumn roses, which
comprise species that flower several times
from May to October, include Hybrid Per-
petual Roses; Tea Roses; Noisette Roses;
Japanese Roses (R. nigosa); and many
others. Roses are propagated from seeds,
buds, cuttings, and grafts. New varieties
are grown from seeds planted in carefully
prepared and well-manured beds. The ideal
soil is a rich deep loam, but clay cr sand may
be used if 'properly manured. The rose bed
should be carefully drained, as roses are in-
jured by excessive moisture. Planting may
be done either in autumn or spring, autumn
being preferred when the winters are not to&
severe. During planting, the roots should be
kept away from the wind and not allowed to
become dry; they should have plenty of
room, and should point downward, rather
than spread out flat. The spaces around the