Rosetta.

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decided that Henry should rule during hi?
lifetime, but should be succeeded by York.
In the north, however, the Lancastrians
would not yield, and on Dec. 31, 1460, they
defeated and slew Richard of York and Sal-
isbury at Wakcfield. Queen Margaret, wife
of Henry, at the head of the victorious army,
marched south, defeating Warwick on Feb.
17, 1461, at the second battle of St. Albans,
and setting Henry vi. at liberty. Meanwhile
Edward of March, the eldest son of Richard
of York defeated Jasper Tudor at Morti-
mer's Cross, and arrived in London on Feb.
26. Margaret retreated and Edward was pro-
claimed king as Edward iv. He at once
marched north, and inflicted a decisive defeat
on the Lancastrians at Towton on March 29,
1461, and thus definitely secured the throne.
The Wars of the Roses now entered upon
their third and final phase. After being de-
feated by Warwick, Margaret fled to France,
while Henry vi. was captured in 1465 and
imprisoned in the Tower. During 1469, 1470,
and 1471, many sudden political changes took
place, the Yorkists whining Edgecote Field in
1469, and being defeated at Losecoat Field
in 1470. Warwick's flight to France was soon
followed by his return, and by Edward's
flight to Flanders. On his return in 1471 Ed-
ward overthrew and killed Warwick at Bar-
net, and defeated Queen Margaret at Tew-
kesbury. The accession of Henry vn. after
the battle of Bosworth, and his marriage with
Elizabeth of York, finally gave England
peace.

Rosetta Stone, the name given to an in-
scribed slab of basalt (38 by 30 in.) found
near Rosetta, in the Nile delta, in 1799, and
now preserved in the British Museum. It
gave the key to the interpretation of Egyp-
tion hieroglyphics, the legend inscribed upon
it being trilingual. The inscription is a de-
cree of Ptolemy Epiphanes, promulgated at
Memphis in 196 B.C.

Rose Window, in architecture, a window
chiefly seen in Gothic buildings, circular in
form, the interior space being filled in with
tracery work, the main parts of which in some
instances radiate like the spokes of a wheel.

Rosewood, the wood of various tropical
trees, the best being that of the Brazilian
Dalbergia nigra and other members of the
same genus. It is a hardwood, of a reddish
brown or purple color, with a pleasant odor
resembling that of a rose, hence the name,
It is highly valued for cabinet work and for
furniture.

Rosicrucians, a mystical society claiming
;o be the guardian of secret knowledge of the
nature and purpose of the universe and of
the real nature of man, allegedlv derived from
;he Mysteries of Egypt, Greece and Rome.
VIodcrn Rosicrucians trace their name to a
Benedictine monk, Christian Rosenkreuz
1378-1484), who travelled in Palestine and
Arabia during 1393-1402 receiving mystical
.nitiations. Returning to Germany, Rosen-
creutz organized a group of seven, one of
whom established the cult in England. The
United States has three legitimate Rosicru-
cian bodies which maintain colleges in the
Large cities and issue courses in esotericism
and the mystical interpretation of the Bible.

Ross, Betsy (1752-1836), maker of the
first American flag, according to the tradition
that she sewed it for a committee on which
were George Washington and Robert Morris.

Ross, Edward Alsworth (1866- ),
American economist, born in Virden, 111. He
was professor of economics at Indiana Uni-
versity, at Cornell, and at Leland Stanford
(1893-1900). In 1901 he was lecturer at the
University of Nebraska and at Harvard. His
publications include: Honest Dollars (1896);
Social Control (1901); The Changing Chinese
(1911); Russia in Upheaval (1918); The So-
cial Revolution in Mexico (1918); The Rus-
sian Soviet Republic (1923); Roads to So-
cial Peace (1924); World Drift (1928).

Ross, George (1730-79), American poli-
tician, signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, born at New Castle, Del. He was
a delegate to the Continental Congress.

Ross, Sir James Clark (1800-62), British
admiral famous as an Arctic and Antarctic
explorer, made five successive voyages to the
Arctic regions with his uncle, Sir John Ross,,
and with Sir W. E. Parry. From 1829 to
1833 he was engaged in further voyages, and
in 1831 determined the position of the north
magnetic pole. From 1839 to 1843 he com-
manded the expedition of the Erebus and
Terror into the Antarctic seas, and reached
latitude 78° 10' s.

Ross, Sir John (1777-1856), British ad-
miral and Arctic explorer, began his career
in 1818, when he accompanied Parry to ex-
plore Baffin Bay. From 1829 to 1833 he was.
on another Arctic expedition.

Ross, John (1790-1866), Cherokee Indian
chief, son of Daniel Ross, acted as the chief
agent of the Cherokee nation in their struggle
to prevent their removal from Georgia.

Ro$s, Nellte Tayloe (1880- ),