Roth

4048

Rotterdam

Annals of Harvard College Observatory, and
founding the Ocean of Air (igoo).

Roth, Frederick George Richard
(1872-1944), American sculptor, born in
Brooklyn, N. Y. He began exhibiting in 1890,
and has received medals and many prizes.
He is particularly successful with wild ani-
mals, his latest works, shown at the N. Y.
National Academy.

Rothafel, Samuel L. (Roxy) (1882-
1936), American manager of motion picture
theaters. His first enterprise was a small mo-
.ion picture house in Forrest City, Pa., es-
;ablished at the end of seven years' service
with the United States Marines, with which
he had served in China during the Boxer
Rebellion, and in San Domingo. His first
large house was the Capitol in New York
City, from which he moved to the Roxy
Theater, thence to the Radio City Music Hall.
Retiring from the latter in 1934 he established
a theatre bearing his nickname in Philadel-
phia.

Rothhorn, the name of several lofty peaks
in Switzerland. The Brienz-Rothhorn (7,715
ft.) is ascended by a mountain railway.

Rothrock, Joseph Trimble (1839-1922),
American botanist, was surgeon and botanist
to the U. S. Engineering Corps Exploring
Expedition west of the looth meridian, under
Wheeler, in 1873-6, and was later professor
of botany in the University of Pennsylvania.
He was State Commissioner of Forestry for
Pennsylvania from 1893 to 1905.

Rothschild, Family of, a famous fam-
ily of bankers. It was founded by Mayer
Anselm Rothschild (1742-1812), born in
Frankfort, the son of a Jewish merchant. He
opened a money exchange business in his
native town and in 1803 loaned a large sum
to the Danish government, thus starting
business as an international financier. Mayer
Anselm left five sons, whose influence speed-
ily became recognized throughout the chan-
celleries of Europe, and few international
loans were negotiated without their help.
Nathan Mayer (1777-1836), the third son,
went to England in 1797, and during the Na-
poleonic wars rendered invaluable financial
assistance to Great Britain. Lionel Nathan
(1809-79), son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild,
was a member of Parliament and was notable
for his part in securing Jewish emancipation
in Great Britain. His < son Nathan Mayer
(1840-1915), created First Baron Rothschild
in 1885, was distinguished for Ms philan-
thropy.

Rotif era, Rotatoria, or Wheel Animal-
cules, microscopic aquatic organisms, in
which the anterior region of the body is fur-
nished with cilia, whose movements produce
the appearance of a rotating wheel. The body
is divided into three regions—the head, bear-
ing the wreath of cilia by means of which,
in many cases, the animal swims, and which
also serve to wash food into the mouth; the
body, containing the viscera; and the 'foot,'
by means of which the animal can attach it-
self, temporarily or permanently. There is
a complete food-canal. The sexes are sepa-
rate : but the males are few in number, short-

Rotifera
1. Eydatina senta. 2. Melicerta ringens,

lived, and much simpler in structure than
the females, which during a large part of the
year reproduce parthenogenetically.

Rotogravure, an intaglio printing process
for reproducing photographic illustrations.
The illustrations (and text) are engraved by
the cross-line method on copper cylinders
and the printing is done in a rotary press.

Rotorua, famous health resort and tourist
center, New Zealand. It is situated in the
hot-lake district, an extensive pumice pla-
teau, nearly 1,000 m. in extent and about
1,000 ft. above sea-level, intersected by high
igneous ranges, relieved by enormous trachy-
tic cones, and dotted with beautiful lakes
and luxuriant forests. Two miles distant is
Whakarewarewa, with curative baths and a
siliceous terrace from which rise large gey-
sers to a height of from 20 to 100 ft.; p. 2,000.

Rottenstone, a light, porous, somewhat
friable, siliceous rock, which is used largely
for polishing surfaces of steel and other met-
als.

Rotterdam, chief seaport and second larg-
est city, Netherlands, in the province of
South Holland. By the Nieuwe Waterweg
('New Waterway*) it has easy access to the
North Sea, from which it is 20 m. distant.
Along the river front stretches the beautiful
quay known as the Boompjes. In the Grootc
Markt, or Market Place, is a statue of Eras-
mus, whose birthplace still stands. Other fea~