Royal

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Royal

ITALY.—Victor Emmanuel in, born in 1869,
is grandson of Victor Emmanuel n and son
of Umberto (assassinated in 1900) and Mar-
gherila of Savoy. He married Helena, daugh-
ter of the late King Nicholas of Montenegro.
They had four daughters and a son Umberto,
the crown prince, who married, in 1930,
Princess Marie Jose of Belgium.

NETHERLANDS.—The queen of Holland,
Wilhelmina, born in 1880, daughter of Wil-
liam nr and Emma, daughter of Prince
George Victor of Waldeck-Pyrmont. In 1901
she married Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-
Schwcrin, who died, 1934; offspring: daugh-
ter, Juliana (1909), who married, 1937,
Prince Bernhard von Lippe-Biesterfeld and
is mother of three girls.

NORWAY.—On the separation of Norway
from Sweden in 1905, Charles of Denmark,
second son of the late King Frederick vm,
was chosen to the throne, as the first king of
Norway. He was crowned as Haakon vn.
In 1896 he married Maud, third daughter of
Edward vn of England. He thus became the
brother-in-law of his cousin George v. Con-
stantine of Greece was also a cousin. Olaf,
his son, was born in 1903 and married in
1929 to Princess Martha, daughter of Prince
Charles, brother of the King of S\veden.

SWEDEN, — The royal house of Sweden
traces its origin to Marshal Bernadotte, who
became king of Sweden in 1818. The present
king, who is Gustavus v, is a great-grandson
of Napoleon's famous marshal, and was born
in 1858. He is a son of Oscar n and Sophie
of Nassau. In 1881 he married Princess Vic-
toria of Baden, a daughter of the only sister
of William i of Germany, who died in 1930.
The Crown Prince, Gustavus Adolphus, was
born in 1882, and married in 1905 to Mar-
garet of Connaught, granddaughter of Queen
Victoria, and own cousin of the King of Eng-
land and the Queen of Norway. Margaret,
who bore four sons and one daughter, died
in 1920. Subsequently the Crown Prince
married (1923) Lady Louise Mountbatten,
also of the British, Royal Family. His eldest
son, Prince Gustaf Adolf (born 1906) mar-
ried (1932) Princess Sybille of Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha, a great-granddaughter of Queen Vic-
toria.

Former Reigning Fatuities. — AUSTRIA-
HtTNGARY,—-Charles i, former emperor of
Austria and king of Hungary, was the grand-
nephew of the late Francis Joseph i, whom
he succeeded on the throne in 1916, and neph-
ew of Francis Ferdinand, whose assassination

at Sarajevo in 1914 brought on the war. The
former emperor was the eldest son of Arch-
duke Otto, younger brother of Francis Fer-
dinand, and of Archduchess Maria Josepha,
sister of the ex-king of Saxony. He was
married in 1911 to Princess Zita of Bour-
bon Parma, daughter of Duke Robert of Par-
ma, and a younger sister of the first wife of
Ferdinand, ex-tsar of Bulgaria. They had five
children, the eldest being Francis Joseph Otto,
born in 1912. In November, 1918, Austria
and Hungary were proclaimed independent
republics, and Charles went into exile. After
two fruitless visits to Hungary (1921) he re-
tired to Madeira where he died in 1922.

BAVARIA.—The former king was Louis in,
who in 1913 succeeded his insane cousin Otto,
younger brother of Louis rr, to whom the un-
fortunate title of 'mad king of Bavaria' was
applied. He was married to the Archduchess
Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, and had six
daughters and three sons, the eldest being
Rupert, who was born in 1869, and who mar-
ried his cousin Marie Gabriele. The dynasty
was deposed in November, 1918, and Bavaria
was declared a republic. Louis died in 1921.

GERMANY.—The German ex-emperor and
ex-king of Prussia, William n, traced his an-
cestry back to Frederick of Hohenzollern, a
member of a noble German family in 980.
William n was born in 1859, a grandson of
William i, the first German emperor, and a
son of Frederick m. His mother was Victoria,
the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria of
England, and sister of Edward vn. William n
married Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Hol-
stein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, by whom he
has had six sons and one daughter. On the
death of the ex-Kaiserin in 1921 (April),
William n married (November) Princess
Hermine of Schonaich-Carolath (nee of
Reuss). His eldest son, Frederick William,
born in 1882 and married (1905) to Cecilie of
Mccklenburg-Schwerin, was the crown prince.
The eldest son of Frederick William, William
Frederick, was born in 1906. The daughter
of William n married the duke of Brunswick,
grandson of George v of Hanover.

GREECE.—The king of Greece was Constan-
tine i, born in 1868. He married (1889) So-
phie, sister of the German ex-emperor, by
whom he had five children. Upon the assas-
sination of his father, George i, in 1913, Con-
stantine succeeded to the throne, but aban-
doned it to his son, Alexander, in 1917. After
the death of Alexander in 1920 he was re-
called to the throne by a plebiscite. Con-