THE INDIAN ACTTIQUABY. 1879. ________ Begnr. | Knppagade- 1 Ga^. | Voqambft. i&ci ! sarba-namasvaT&ffi ... evam dv&dasa gram&tn sarba uamasya dhfir^-purbakam datta sarbarnamasya datta bhumi (Description and area of the land. )[ is&uya simintar&ni ka* thanl (Names of the villages.') evam dasa gr&m&tu dh&ra-purvakam datta I tacrvro ffiAmo^arro. oim&nf.ft.r&Tll VfttiliaTTl (Then follow, the boundaries, which 'are described in all in a similar manner. The imprecatory verses vary " (Oontljmon IroTcen off.) The foregoing comparison will show that these four grants were all inscribed after one model, though the present one is referred to the 0 h & 1 n k y a dynasty, and the three others to the P&ndava dynasty. The characters in which they are engraved, as before stated, ore identical. It seems impossible, therefore, to avoid the conclusion that they belong to the same period. What that period was it is not so easy to determine. The present grant very positively declares it to be S. Saks 366. How fer this can be received as a genuine date the learned will be able to decide. Regarding the dates of the three other grants, proceeding npon the well-known role which gives a certain numerical value to the several letters of the alphabet, the owners have attempted to find a date from the letters' ka- fa "kam in the phrase faLfakam utkalttam, and have thus arrived at 111 of the Kali ynga, or 2991 B.C. Bat it is very doubtful whether the phrase in question, which may be translated "having halted the army," was meant to embody any date. Another theory is that it refers to Kataka or Gnttack in TJtkala or Orissa, which is stated to have been founded by Jan am ej ay a at the tame of the sarpa yoga, for officiating at which these grants were made to the Brahmans of the three agraMras. Now Kataka Chandwara, as it was called, appears to have been a flourishing capital city before the end of the 5th century.18 Ac- cording to local tradition the sarpa ydga was performed at the village of Hiremagalnr, at the south-eastern base of the Baba Budan or Chandra Drona mountains in the west of Maisur. A curious stone pillar with a spear-shaped head is still shown there as the y&pa ttamlha or sacrificial post itsed on the occasion. It is said to le efficacious in curing from the-bite of a one who cucnxnambdaies it, Ia- transcript). scriptions at the place show that it was an agrahdrain the time of Trailok.ya, Malla (? 1150-82). TheGanj agrahara grant was certainly in existence-before 1807, when Col. Mackenzie, who brought it to light, finished the Maisur Survey. It is farther said to be mentioned in a scvnnad byChinnamm&ji, queen of Bednur, given in A. D. 1746. The grant calls the village the Gautama agrahira. Gautama was the name of one of the distinguished line of mitnis who were dchdryds of the celebrated Ked&resvara temple at BalUgrame. inscriptions show that Gautama was officiating from A.D. 1130-50. As regards Kuppagede I find men- tion of the " mahaj'anangalu of Kuppagede" in an inscription at Balligrame, also about A.DV 1150j recording, it maybe incidentally notided, the foundation of a temple a hundred years before by a vadda byavahdri. Kuppagede -was therefore an agrahdra at tne former time. Calculations are stated to have been made by the Astronomer Royal, Sir George Airy, from the astronomical data in the Gauj inscription, resulting in the discovery that Sunday the 7th of April 1521 was. the date on which the solar eclipse mentioned in it took place.17 That .this cannot .be the correct date is at once evident from the iact that the eclipse is stated in the grant to have happened on Monday, and not on Sunday. It is easy to show how the mistake has arisen. Colebrooke, in commenting on the grant, attributed it to " the time of a partial eclipse of the sun which fell on a Sunday in the month of Chaitra, when the sun was en- tering the northern hemisphere, the moon being in the nafahafra Asvinu" A note adds, " Such is the deduction from iihe text, which states a half- eclipse pf the sun in Chaitra, on the sun's entrance into the uttardyana, or northern path, " Jotwv Bo. Br. B. As. Soc. ToL X. p. 81. THE INDIAN ACTTIQUABY. 1879. ________ Begnr. | Knppagade- 1 Ga^. | Voqambft. i&ci ! sarba-namasvaT&ffi ... evam dv&dasa gram&tn sarba uamasya dhfir^-purbakam datta sarbarnamasya datta bhumi (Description and area of the land. )[ is&uya simintar&ni ka* thanl (Names of the villages.') evam dasa gr&m&tu dh&ra-purvakam datta I tacrvro ffiAmo^arro. oim&nf.ft.r&Tll VfttiliaTTl (Then follow, the boundaries, which 'are described in all in a similar manner. The imprecatory verses vary " (Oontljmon IroTcen off.) The foregoing comparison will show that these four grants were all inscribed after one model, though the present one is referred to the 0 h & 1 n k y a dynasty, and the three others to the P&ndava dynasty. The characters in which they are engraved, as before stated, ore identical. It seems impossible, therefore, to avoid the conclusion that they belong to the same period. What that period was it is not so easy to determine. The present grant very positively declares it to be S. Saks 366. How fer this can be received as a genuine date the learned will be able to decide. Regarding the dates of the three other grants, proceeding npon the well-known role which gives a certain numerical value to the several letters of the alphabet, the owners have attempted to find a date from the letters' ka- fa "kam in the phrase faLfakam utkalttam, and have thus arrived at 111 of the Kali ynga, or 2991 B.C. Bat it is very doubtful whether the phrase in question, which may be translated "having halted the army," was meant to embody any date. Another theory is that it refers to Kataka or Gnttack in TJtkala or Orissa, which is stated to have been founded by Jan am ej ay a at the tame of the sarpa yoga, for officiating at which these grants were made to the Brahmans of the three agraMras. Now Kataka Chandwara, as it was called, appears to have been a flourishing capital city before the end of the 5th century.18 Ac- cording to local tradition the sarpa ydga was performed at the village of Hiremagalnr, at the south-eastern base of the Baba Budan or Chandra Drona mountains in the west of Maisur. A curious stone pillar with a spear-shaped head is still shown there as the y&pa ttamlha or sacrificial post itsed on the occasion. It is said to le efficacious in curing from the-bite of a one who cucnxnambdaies it, Ia- transcript). scriptions at the place show that it was an agrahdrain the time of Trailok.ya, Malla (? 1150-82). TheGanj agrahara grant was certainly in existence-before 1807, when Col. Mackenzie, who brought it to light, finished the Maisur Survey. It is farther said to be mentioned in a scvnnad byChinnamm&ji, queen of Bednur, given in A. D. 1746. The grant calls the village the Gautama agrahira. Gautama was the name of one of the distinguished line of mitnis who were dchdryds of the celebrated Ked&resvara temple at BalUgrame. inscriptions show that Gautama was officiating from A.D. 1130-50. As regards Kuppagede I find men- tion of the " mahaj'anangalu of Kuppagede" in an inscription at Balligrame, also about A.DV 1150j recording, it maybe incidentally notided, the foundation of a temple a hundred years before by a vadda byavahdri. Kuppagede -was therefore an agrahdra at tne former time. Calculations are stated to have been made by the Astronomer Royal, Sir George Airy, from the astronomical data in the Gauj inscription, resulting in the discovery that Sunday the 7th of April 1521 was. the date on which the solar eclipse mentioned in it took place.17 That .this cannot .be the correct date is at once evident from the iact that the eclipse is stated in the grant to have happened on Monday, and not on Sunday. It is easy to show how the mistake has arisen. Colebrooke, in commenting on the grant, attributed it to " the time of a partial eclipse of the sun which fell on a Sunday in the month of Chaitra, when the sun was en- tering the northern hemisphere, the moon being in the nafahafra Asvinu" A note adds, " Such is the deduction from iihe text, which states a half- eclipse pf the sun in Chaitra, on the sun's entrance into the uttardyana, or northern path, " Jotwv Bo. Br. B. As. Soc. ToL X. p. 81.