110

THE INDIAK ANTIQUARY.

[APETL, IS/?.

Africa over to India by the monsoon long before
Hippalos introduced the knowledge of that wind
to the Roman world. This voyage was connected,
no doubt, with the commerce of Arabia, since the
Arabians were the great traffickers of antiquity, and
held in subjection part of the sea-board of Eastern
Africa. The Indian commodities imported into
Africa were rice, ghee, oil of sesamum, sugar,
cotton, muslins, and sashes. These commodities,
the Periplas .informs us, were brought sometimes
in vessels destined expressly for the coast of Africa,
while at others they were only part of the cargo,
out of vessels which 5rere proceeding to another
porfc. Thus we hare two methods of conducting
this commerce perfectly direct; and another
by touching on this coast with a final destina-
tion to Arabia. This is the reason that the
Greeks found cinnamon and the produce of India
on this coast, when they first ventured to pass
the Straits in order to seek a cheaper market than

II. ARTICLES o* COMMERCE MENTIONED

is THE PEBIPLUS.
I. Animals :—

1. Ilap&Voi €V€&eis irpbs TraXAma'av — Handsome
girls for the haram, imported into Baragaza for
the king (49).s

2. AavKiKa Kpclwova — Tall slaves, procured at
Opon£, imported into Egypt (1-1).

3. Supara ^Xvxa— Female slaves, procured
from Arabia and India, imported into the island
ofDioskorides(31).

4. Sdpira. — Slaves imported from Omana and
Apologba into Barugaza (36 J, and from Moundou

5. "lincai — Horses imported into Kane for the
king, and into Mouza for the despot (23, 24).

6. * Hfiiowit yMnryo^— Sumpter mules imported
into Hoiusa for the despot (24).

IL Animal Products : —

1. Bovrvpo* — Butter, or the Indian preparation
therefrom called gU, a product of Ariake" (41) ;
exported from Barugaza to the Barbarine markets
beyond the Straits (14). The word, according to
PHny (xxviii. 9), is of Skythian origin, though
apparently connected with BoCs, rupta. The
reading is, however, suspected by Lassen, who
would substitute BoVpopov or BtfoTropo?, a, kind of

2. AapftoraSiipui — Chinese hides or furs. Ex-
ported from Barbarikon, a mart on tha Indue (39).
Tincent suspected the reading d/p/umx, but gronncU
tesgly, for Pliny mentions the Seres sending their

» Th« murals indicate the sections of the PtripHk m
wfcwfc thft article are mentioned.

points oat that the colour is
: it ia nsed by'TOwm for
md f *t,-*fro u a dye.

iron along with vestments and hides (vestibus
pdlibusqiid), and among the presents sent to
Yudhishthira by the Saka, Tushara and Eanka
skins are enumerated.— Mahdbh. ii. 50, quoted by
Lassen.

3. "EXff^as — Ivory. Exported from Adouli (6),
Aualites (8), Ptolemais (3), Mossulon (10), and the
ports of Azania (16, 17). Also from Barugaza (49),
Mouziris and Nelkunda (56) ; a species of ivory
called Satrap^ is produced in Desarene (62).

4. 'Eptoi/ SflpiKfof— Chinese cotton. Imported
from the country of the Thf nai through Baktria
to Barugaza, and by the Granges to Bengal, and
thence toDimurikS (64). By "tepiov Vincent seems
to understand silk in the raw state.

5. Ke'para — Horns. .Exported from Barugaza to-
the marts of Omana and Apologos (36). Miiller
suspects this reading, thinking it strange that
such an article as horns should be mentioned
between woods* beams and lags. He thinks, there-
fore, that Ke'pira is either used in some peculiar
sense, or that the reading Kop^Sy or Kop/nW
should be substituted— adding that Kop/iovf e&vov,
planks of ebony, are at all events mentioned by
Athenaios (p. 20 la) where he is quoting KaV-
lixenos of Rhodes.

6. KopoXXiov — Coral. (Sans, pravdla, Hindi
m&tiffd.) Imported into Kane4 (28), Barbarikon
on the Indus (39), Barugaza (49), and Naoura,
Tundis, Mouziris, andKelkunda (56).

7. AJOKKOS x^tt/ifh-cyoff— Coloured lac. Exported
to Adouli from Ariake1 (6). The Sanskrit word
is Idkshd, which is probably a later form of rdkshdr
connected, as Lassen thinks, with rdya, from the
root rahj, to dye. The vulgar form is l&kkha.
Gam-lac is a substance produced on the leaves
and branches of certain trees by an insect, both
as a covering for its eg£ and food for its young.
It yields a fine red dye.* Sahnasius thinks that
by XOJCKO? xpa/iartvos must be understood not laa
itself, bub vestments dyed therewith.

8. Mapyapinys — Pearl. (Sans. muJsia, Hindi,
•j'&oft.) Exported in considerable quantity and of
superior quality from Mouziris and Nelkunda (56 ).

9. N^fta SrjpiKov — Silk thread. From the coun-
try of the Thinai : imported into Barngaza and
the marts of Dimurike (64). Exported from
Barugaza (49), and also from Barbarikon on the
Indus (39). "It is called peraga by Procopius
and all the later writers, as well as by the Digestt
and was known without either name to Pliny " —
Vincent.

pill-lite balls used by women are made with arrowroot
coloured with alito, and cotton dipped in it is sold in the
bazars under the name of pothi, and used for the same
purposes. He has also contributed many of the Sanskrit
names, and other notes.— ED.