A NEW WORLD INDUSTRY

free markets,, that is, especially to countries outside Europe where
there was no native manufacture. Moreover, within their own
countries the factories had to deal with fairly severe competition
with outside explosive concerns which, attracted by the profitable
business done by the Nobel factories, had proceeded to manufacture
new or modified explosives. During the 'seventies and the early
'eighties Nobel and Barbe were constantly occupied with questions
of organisation, the main problem being to secure co-operation
between the various concerns and to harmonise conflicting interests.

Separate companies came to be formed in various countries to
take over the factories which the original companies of Alfred
Nobel & Co. and Nobel-JBarbe had built and started running.
Thus Nobel and Barbe handed over their patent rights in France,
as well as the factory at Paulilles, to the Societe Generate pour la
Fabrication de la Dynamite which had an original share capital of
three million francs. The Swiss and Italian factories were taken
over by the Societi Anonyme Dynamite Nobel which was fonned
in 1872 with its headquarters at Isleten. For Spanish manufacture
the Societe Espagnole pour la Fabrication de la Dynamite was
fonned and the Hamburg firm Alfred Nobel & Co. was also turned
into a limited liability company.under the name of the Deutsch-
Osterreich-Ungarische-Dynamit R,G., which was later converted
into the Dynamit-Aktien-Gesettschaft, formerly Alfred Nobel &
Co., in which Nobel and Barbe acquired the controlling interest,
Nobel's Hamburg partners, Dr. Bandmann and Carstens, becoming
shareholders in the French Company.

In May, 1875, Nobel and Barbe decided jointly to set up in Paris
a scientific advisory board for the dynamite factories of the various
countries. Alaric Liedbeck, the brilliant Swedish engineer and
research worker in explosives, of whom mention has already been
made, was selected to preside over this board. During the following
years the factories in France, Spain, Italy, Portugal and S\yitzer-

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