Contents xiil SECTION PAGE 4. The King's Use of the People in Govern- ment ........324 III. PARLIAMENT........337 1. The Origin of the House of Lords . . 337 2. Why there was a Middle Class in England. Representation and Popular Election . 346 3. Origin of County Representation in a Cen- tral Assembly......358 4. Condition of the Boroughs in the Thir- teenth Century, and the Origin of their Representation in a Central Assembly 364 5. Form and Composition of Parliament from 1265 to the Middle of the Fourteenth Century........368 6. The Electors, the Elected, and the Elec- tion in County and Borough During the First Two Centuries of Parliament . 383 7. Origin of the Chief Powers of Parliament: Control over Taxation; Legislation; a Share in Administration .... 396 8. Parliament in the Fifteenth Century . . 426 INDEX........453