124 The Norman Conquest
tion. The primitive strong box in the king's chamber no
longer sufficed for a treasury.1 Soon definite treasuries
appeared, at Winchester for England and at Rouen for
Normandy. Treasurers were for a time still chamber-
lains, it is true, but all chamberlains were not treasurers.
The treasury was becoming an administrative office, and
treasurers soon ceased to be chamberlains; they were
skilled clerks, specialists in finance. There was an organ-
isation which in 1086 was capable of the Domesday sur-
vey, and which developed rapidly as a result of the sur-
vey. The rate of development along financial lines was
extraordinary. The king's chamber and wardrobe still
contained treasure, royal goods and money, and chamber
and chamberlains were part of the travelling household.
But most of the money, with its keepers, was at Win-
chester.2 An increasing and varied revenue brought with
it many problems for adjustment and disputes for adju-
dication. A judicial or semi-judicial side to the new treas-
ury organisation grew; and the king and his counsellors,
the Norman king's court or some portion of it, not infre-
quently had .to act virtually as a court of law in such
matters. It was the forerunner of the Court of Ex-
chequer. 3
*See above, p. 52.
2 Quite naturally Domesday Book was kept at Winchester.
s For the Exchequer as a financial organisation succeeding this one of
the early Norman longs, see below, pp. 306-312; on the Court of Exchequer,
ibid.-, pp. I74-I77-