373

in seven

the of carl." The prtlaU4?, by

vn^tu^BpffH their baronial tenure, the two

bishops, bishops, sixty-.^ven abbots. tBe

of three religious orders, 'the Hospitallers,

anotlie Order of Sempringharn. The bishops

to cite before-hand ' prGmumtnba}* the or

priors of their cathtdrai chat/turi", the archde&conirp?
ercs^ntativt.1

two representative" i!f^et>;<rs from the parish cl
of "eaHTdioceise. Brides the clergy and th

Parliament contained a ^regrefxintatioa.n
seveji .shires bxjhyo each2 of

and Jen Cities by or

*™*

A be for of

what lay of the element of clerical representation

which the occasionally bringing to his

While, during the thirteenth century, the representative
principle to lay assemblies, the clergy

perfecting a system by which the Convocations
of their two great archiepisccpa! provinces, Canterbury
and York, were becoming quite perfectly repre-

senting all classes of their order. 4 In taxing the clergy,
or indeed for other purposes, the occasionally
use of this machinery, s which he to his

just as he used an in the

1 The clause introduced by this word, wtiicti has always In

the writ summoning the bishops, is often spoken uf a# the
clause. See A. and S,, p. 83, Itjjas j»eti(«^^^
end of the fourteenth centurv. See beiOwTp^370'

2"TEis-'"^S*TEewn^^¥f*of^ires under the king's routine administration
at this time. It did not Include the old palatine counties of Chester and
Durham. Neither the county nor city p! Chester was in

Parliament till 1543; and Durham not until 1672.

^ It has been estimated that at one time or another during the
of Edwaixi I.

,
4 See Ernest Barker, The Dominican and Part II,
The English Cmv&calion*
s See above, p. 353 and note 2,