382 The Period of Constitution Maiang

Professor Pollard's picture of the look and behaviour of
an early Parliament when dealing with a money grant
which he deduces from the slight evidence that has been
left, is most interesting.

There is reason to believe that from Edward I.'s time the
king's council sat in the midst of this assembly oix four wool-
sacks facing one another, . . . [an arrangement adapted
to] confidential deliberation. Outside this inner ring there
sat, to the right of the throne, the spiritual lords, and to the
left the temporal lords, and facing the throne there stood the
commons. To them the demand for aid would be particularly

I. in simmaain^J.ocal rep-

except in a purely formaT

and

S^^ Riess, Der

SeT^g^ Zeitschrift, lx., 1-33.

On p. 3, he says : "To attain a genuine and regular^control of the local
administration and to carry out especiallg_^ejgses^ient

''

_

taxes with the least possible Mctioii'wS'e^ELemoSt^ubstanti^ reasons for
whicS Edward I. added to the Englishjconstitution as a perfected and
enduring institution the ........ syste^'^^^repfeS^^£^n that had earlier been

only sporadically coimecteoTw^ ^J^i.^6^0^:^!0115

did in them Parliament of 1305 1 Maitland says : "TheTSng, so'HFas'we
Imow, <3MrnoTa^|n^S^5aoPLey> nor did he desire ^h^^p^^senttoany
nevy )aw. The doctrinelfcnatin^tnese da^^HiifieT^

and towns were called to parliament, not in order that they might act m
concert on behalfo£the commons of England, but in order that eachmignt
reprgsectHyefargtEe king in council" the grievances
' ^^

or orougT^^EE^^sentuintiut
ar, but we sKStTprobably tninlE^tlEaFtrjLer^ no little
truth in it, if we ask what the knights and burgesses were doing, while the
king and his councillors were slowly disposing of the great mass of peti-
tions, many of which were presented by shires and boroughs. Official
testimony the council can . ealy_oj?tain ; but it
" "

also"; it uesires to know wSalTmiej^L^ England

aBout the doingsofj>he^^ "aSoltEe pojssjfoilities

of fuEuTglgsgffol^^ Then again there are rAair^ap-

or example, it is the fashion at this time to
^ojj|eji£eringthe countv gaol to sonieJsgi|ht
jneofth^Bn^^^l^Sois* representingorTias
it^a^joaiiiamentr Wlthoufoenying that the
Dons" alreatly exists, without denying that its

_ ,. _________ ___i again there are roanvap-

madeTToT^example, it is the fashion at this time to
entrust a sEare oTHEhe work^ojjieJi^ejingthe countygaol to soniaJsoi^ht
of the county, very often'olaeoftne^i^^S^is* representing or .
represented that county,

S^SL

^we may still b^^^""J
instructions to particular

L have "Ec^taTTback uponilie words 6irinT*wliF6T summons:—the com-
^ers have been told to come in order that they may do what shall be
ordained.11 "~