Parliament 407

In general, w§LJl§§^^

taxation. With the exception of the resistance to the
DamslT invasions, the J£§£S_of^j^^ period

were petty. Those invasions resulted first in a wider
and more regular enforcement of the trinoda necessitous,
and fi£2^

dukes had fought at no great distances, and feudalism
served the military requirements of the duchy fairly well.
After the Conquest, one of the n^stjnigortaiitjro^ of
taxation and of resistance to taxation in England was
tHe^attonpt to J2^a3^^ exten^j^oss...^

Channel. Hence in the early protests the nobility
naturally took the lead. z But the income andjersonal
s, also the offspring of war, were being more

and more used. All classes were concerned in these;
and as the ind£g£^^ during the

tTw^^^c^snry, and g^S^^ec^^tim^in thexeignjof
Edw^3TLTpowerful speciSln^^ in

the"problem of ^t^^SnT^In the struggle <&JM£J, the
great™noBR^still led, b<utmal^

than in any preceding conflict and were learning the

I2I5-

' Thus, just aaJParj^i^^ the

that they could and must

made by the king in
Cartarum2 read:

Moreover, we have granted for us and our heirs, as well
to archbishops, bishopsx abbots, priors, and other folk of
holy Church, as also to earls, barons, and to all the commun-
ity of the land, that for no business from henceforth shall we
take such manner ofjd<^^

1 For a discussion of the relation of feudal service to taxation, see above,
p. 120.
2 A. and S., document 48; W. and N., pp. 396-398-
3 These terms, of which it is dangerous to venture a technical rendering,
have the general meaning of "aids, exactions, nor seizures," " seizures'"
either equalling or including purveyance. See above, p. 51. There had
been an attempt to regulate purveyance in Magna Carta, article 28,