Index

457

Investiture contest, 128, note 3, 130

and note I
Itinerant justices, 140-142,170-174,

180, 181, 202 and note 2, 294, 328

John, 161, 178, 238, 264-274, 278,
286, 294, 298, 310, 313, 318, 325,
352» 35S-360, 374, 375

Judges, freemen as, 17,154 and note
3; of common-law courts oppose
new law, 213-215; hostile to
Chancery, 220, 221; limitations
of, 230; Richard II.'s use of, 287;
and early Council, 295; in the
Council, 298; word statutes, 422

Jury, 145, 149-151; origin and early
history of, 153-170; used by itin-
erant justices, 172; used by
sheriffs, 181; in manor courts, 189,
190; used by justices of the peace,
203; corruption of, 209, 210; rela-
tion to common law, 230, 231; a
means of using the people in
government, Pt. III., § II., 4,
passim;^ related to the beginnings
of Parliament, 351-364, 366

Justices of the peace, 168, note 2,
I73» *85» &ote 3J origin and early
history of, 198-206; 255, note 2

Jutes, 7, note 2

K

Eon, 8, 18, 19; as compurgators, 21,
22, note i; responsibility of, 25,
37; leaders of, as early kings, 46
and note i; on continent, 74;

• effect of lack of, upon prosecution
for crime, 150

King, 4,16; relations to local courts,
16 and note 4, 24 and note 2, 25;
his peace, 27, 28 and note I, 439;
his peace in the burhs, 30; bor-
oughs on his domain, 31; revenue
from boroughs, 33; uses commen-
dation, 37, 38; grants bookland,
39, 40, 70; Anglo-Saxon, general
account of, Pt. I, § I., 3, a; rela-
tions with witan, Pt. L, § I., 3, b;
relation to church and its councils,
58, 6l, 62; and post-Conquest
feudalism, 96-100, passim; effect
of Conquest upon, Pt. II., § III.,
i; revenue of, after Conquest, Pt.
II., § III., 2; relations to church

after Conquest, Pt. II., § IV.,
passim; development of courts of,
Pt. Ill, § I, i, 2, 3, passim;
becomes a limited monarch, Pt.
III., § II., i; relations to adminis-
tration, Pt. Ill, § II, 2, 3,
passim; his use of the people, Pt.
III., § II., 4; shares in forming
House of Lords, Pt. III., § III.,
i; helps to make a middle class,
348-350; Parliament gains powers
at expense of, Pt. Ill, § III., 7;
some adjustment of relations
with Parliament, Pt. IIL, § III, 8
King's Bench, Court of, 177-179
Knights, in continental feudalism,
76, 79 and note i; in Normandy,
82; in England after Conquest,
97, 98, 101, 121; commissions en-
trusted to, 171, 172; general local
importance of, 196-199, 205, 206;
king's local use of, Pt. Ill, § II,
4, passim; 351-357; as part of a
middle class, 349-351; elected to
central assembly, 360-362, 364;
in early Parliament, 377, 378 and
note i; join the burgesses in
Parliament, 380, 381; how elected
to Parliament, 384-391

Lanfranc, 127,129 (and note 2), 130,
132, 259
Langton, Stephen, 129, note 3,268
Law, Anglo-Saxon, 18,25,26,55-57;
Norman, 81; after the Conquest,
see Common law, Statute law,
Equity; relation of kings to, Pt.
III., § II, i, passim
Lawyers, 17, 213, 228, 232; ex-
cluded from Parliament, 384
Lay patronage, 61, 132, 133
Leet, Court, 189-191, note I
Legislation, of the witan, 55-57; of
church councils, 128, 130; of the
king's court, 143 and note 2, 227,
411; of Edward L, 189, note i,
278-280; slight in early Parlia-
ment, 214 and note 4; a new form
of, 239, 240, 412, 413; origin of, in
Parliament, 412-422
Letters patent, 313 and note 2; crea-
tion of peers by, 343-345
Livery and maintenance, 209, 388
and note i, 446
Loans, forced, 431, 449