V	TRADERS     AND     CRAFTS MEN	125
When the most important occupations are mentioned
together in comedy, it is usual to distinguish between merchant
and craftsman L But the greengrocer is included among
various craftsmen, cobbler, smith and carpenter, all of them
representing a certain craft.2 In the list of townspeople who
have to get up early because of their work, some craftsmen are
mentioned as well as the flour-seller 5 We find the coal-seller
in the company of the confectioner, the gardener and the bar-
ber 4 In war-time, unrest in the town was caused partly by
military measures, partly by the special intensity of economic
life, by the extra work to be done by craftsmen, merchants
and ship-builders.5 All these references show clearly that
there was no strict line of demarcation between handicraft and
retail trade. The ergastenon, the workshop, was nearly always
the shop or place of sale as well.
The implication of comedy is quite clear; it even proves
something incidentally., something which will be confirmed
when we look for other types of craft mentioned in comedy.
Hyperboles is said to sell his lamps in skaphai.* The word is
ambiguous; it may mean 'ships', and the conclusion has been
drawn that he sold his goods as an emporos, sailing from place
to place, probably on his own ship 7 But we cannot argue
positively from so weak a basis, for skaphe may just as well,
and more often does, mean a tray or bowl, so the whole phrase
will be nothing but a pun It is more likely that the comedian
wished to depict Hyperbolos, who could be called a lamp-
seller as well as a lamp-maker, as a kapehs who made and sold
lamps,8 even displaying them like a huckster on a tray which
possibly had a boat-like appearance Retailers of a similar
kind were certainly the producers of the common-clay lamps,
the sale of which was widespread in the market.9 Even
Hyperbolos, who is said by another source to have made metal
lamps, was sometimes simply called a 'potter'.10
The same connection between production and direct sale to
the consumer is shown when Kleon sells his bad leather not
to a shoemaker, but to a peasantT1 The myrrh-maker was the
myrrh-seller as well, and the jeunesse doree loitering about in
* P 296ff, cf PI 904!	- T£xvi> PI i6off	3 B 489^
4 Philyll   14	5A544fF	6 K 1315.	7 Hasebroek, 14
8 K 739, P 690	9 Hermipp 28, Plat. 190, also Kratmos 196
10 Schol  C 1065 -Eupolis 21 D, sckol K 1304.	1J K 3r6f