WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: en

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Your life work.

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Music Great buildings are constructed of stone,
concrete, brick, steel, and other

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materials in addition to wood.

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The woodworker plays a very important
part in their construction, however.

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Carpenters erect the scaffolding,
which is an example of rough carpentry and does

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not require a high degree
of accuracy or tool skill.

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Building forms for concrete work is also
rough carpentry, for when foundation

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walls are to be of solid concrete,
forms are necessary to provide

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reasonably smooth surfaces.

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Today plywood is used extensively for
this purpose because of its flexibility

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and large, smooth surfaces.

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The plywood is prepared at the mill
by putting together several thin

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sheets of wood in the dimensions needed.

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This is limited the carpenter's work in
building forms out of lumber, although

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more work has been created
for workers in plywood mills.

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On many smaller buildings, the forms for
concrete pouring are still made from

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common lumber and provide work of
rough nature for the local carpenter.

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A barn is an example of rough carpentry,
as are hog houses and other farm

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buildings, such as poultry houses,
machine sheds, granaries, and corn cribs.

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Building a house involves a considerable
amount of rough carpentry. When the

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foundation is ready, sills and joists are laid.

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And where extra strength is needed,
diagonal braces, called

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bridging, are nailed between the joists.

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This is rough work, as no attempt is made
to get the angle of cut exactly right.

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The rough floor is then laid over the joists,
forming what is commonly

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called the platform or deck.

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Upon this platform are erected the outside
walls. As they are framed, openings

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are provided for doors and windows.

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The outside is covered with material called
sheathing. This may be wood or one of

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numerous insulating materials, the purpose
of which is to keep the house warm in

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winter and keep the heat out in hot weather.

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As the outside finish is applied,
the door and window frames are set.

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The inside walls,
which form the partitions, are erected.

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Carpenters on a framing job work as
closely as possible to exact dimensions.

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While studying and joists are sawed to
fairly exact dimensions, the variation in

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length may be as much as one-fourth inch
without creating any serious difficulty.

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When the walls are ready, the roof structure
is framed. This consists of rafters

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and sheathing, and although classified
as rough carpentry, it involves careful

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measuring and cutting to get
a reasonably accurate fit.

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When the roof covering is completed,
the inside work may

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progress regardless of weather.

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After the plastering is finished and
properly dried, the carpenters return to

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install the inside finish. This requires
very careful, accurate work in order

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that all parts will fit exactly.

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Certain fixtures, such as stairs and cabinets,
are usually built at the mill, but

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their installation on the job
requires skill and judgment.

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The carpenters lay the floor,
usually of hardwood, over the rough flooring.

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Doors are made to fit exactly before they
are hung. Usually they have been made

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by machine and assembled at a woodworking mill.

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Cabinets of various kinds and sizes which
have been assembled in the mill are

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grouped together in the
finished house to form any

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cupboard arrangement which may be desired.

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In former days, such cabinets were entirely
built by the carpenters on the job.

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Today the field of cabinet making has been
reduced greatly by the substitution of

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other materials for wood
and the use of specialized

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machines in woodworking mills.

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For the most part,
the men in the mills are machine

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operators rather than woodworkers,
although they do work with wood.

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A certain degree of skill is necessary to
operate the machines, however, and this

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work provides considerable employment.

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In the assembly departments,
the workmen put together

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window sash as well as doors.

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If the machine work has been done properly,
the assembly usually

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goes along without difficulty.

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However, just a slight variation in the
size of a piece or swelling of the wood

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due to excessive moisture in the air
may cause problems which require

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considerable judgment and skill to solve.

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In the stair building department,
special orders which vary from stock designs

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create problems which require
ingenuity and some creative

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ability on the part of the stair builders.

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Consequently, this is a very high type of work,
and only woodworkers with great

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skill and long experience
are entrusted with it.

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To those well qualified,
it offers a very satisfying occupation.

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In the woodworking field, there are jobs
for workers of all degrees of skill.

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If you prove your ability to take
on extra responsibility, you may

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become a foreman or an inspector.

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Although most furniture is machine made
in large quantities, there is still some

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employment for well-trained
workers in the building of

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made-to-order furniture and cabinets.

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Cabinet shops usually are small in size
for quality of product rather than

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quantity is the first consideration.

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These craftsmen are generally older
and highly skilled men who learn

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their trade through apprenticeship.

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This is still probably the
best way to get started

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and become successful in this trade.

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The shop work you take in
school will also help.

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Fine veneers are used in much of
the furniture made in these shops.

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In the mill, the veneer is sliced from
logs in thin sheets by great knives and

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then cut into sections of convenient size.

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In the furniture shop,
the veneer is glued to the groundwork

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or core of solid wood.

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The veneer is placed in a press
where the glue sets and the layers

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become fastened solidly together.

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Effects of great beauty are obtained by
using veneers, and this work calls for

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skill and true artistry in selecting and
combining various woods and veneers.

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Craftsmen such as these are able to
perform many different operations in the

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shops even to finishing the
furniture with stain and varnish.

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Fine furniture making is a fascinating field,
but one which is somewhat limited

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because the higher cost of skilled handwork
reduces the market for such articles.

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Pattern making is another
important branch of woodworking.

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This wooden pattern of a flywheel,
for example, is necessary in forming a hollow

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mold and sand into which molten metal
is poured to form this metal casting.

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Later the casting is machined
and finished ready for use.

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In the pattern shop, the maker of
wooden patterns works from a drawing or

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blueprint which has been supplied him.

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He uses various woodworking
machines and hand tools.

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His work must be extremely accurate,
and it is complicated by the fact that the

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pattern usually is made in
two or more pieces so that it

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can be removed from the sand bowls.

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When the pattern is finished, the inside
corners are rounded by means of fillets.

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The whole pattern is then shellacked.

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The true test of a pattern is the ease
with which sand molds can be made from it.

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If the wooden pattern is
used a great many times, the

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sand soon destroys the wood.

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Therefore, when many castings are needed,
metal patterns are cast from the

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original wooden master pattern
and are used by the molders.

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The pattern, in this case made of metal,
is placed in a

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special container known as a flask.

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Special molding sand is sifted over the
pattern and pressed tightly around it.

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The pattern is carefully removed,
and to hollow space, the exact shape

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of the pattern is left in the sand.

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Into this cavity, molten metal is poured,
which may be iron,

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aluminum, brass, or various alloys.

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The flask is opened after the
metal is cooled and hardened.

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The sand is removed, and the casting
has the shape of the original pattern.

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There are numerous independent job shops
which make patterns, in addition to

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those which are departments of large companies.

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The independent shops do a much wider
variety of work, although they employ

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the same principles and processes.

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Because of the great variety of work,
they frequently require a higher degree of

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skill on the part of their workmen.

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The majority of contractors have come
up through the carpentry field, and

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owners of mills, cabinet shops,
and pattern shops are

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usually masters of their trades.

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So there is the possibility
of a business of your own.

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Young men are getting a start today as
apprentices or as carpenters' helpers.

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Practice on the job, accompanied by further
training in evening or correspondence

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schools, should result in progress
in an interesting occupation.

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But success in this field, as in all others,
requires hard work and study.

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If you are interested in any phase of
woodworking, investigate it thoroughly and

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learn carefully the basic tool processes as

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taught in your school woodworking shop.

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It is the use to which you
put the tools that counts,

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and this requires training of the mind.

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Learn to read and interpret drawings,
the language of construction, and

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develop your ability in mathematics.

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The sciences you study in school
will also be a help to you.

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Spend as much time as possible in
your own woodworking shop at home.

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Use your spending money to
build up a set of tools and to

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buy material with which to work.

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If you can make woodworking a successful hobby,
you have a good chance to make

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it a successful occupation.

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