fy . Sree . Ne SS PNY raat i NL D MUSEUM LIBR | iN 3 5711 00015 Sik Pik Ee Diz Cy E 5 By: 4 f. 5 > > > B > 5 5 5 D> 2 2 Dil > 2 2 2 > > » 5 ‘2/7 RES NATURAL HISTORY M' E SEUM “=FOUNDEDI893=. (ee) =n NYY WW W WW WY Qnaraaararararararera/7y ke THE SOUTH LONDON Cutomological & Alatural Aistory Society, (ESTABLISHED .1872) HIBERNIA CHAMBERS, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E, OFFICERS & COUNCIL. Elected January 23rd, 1896. President. RICHARD SOUTH, F¥.E:S. Virce- Presidents. €/ 6. BARRE MEE ES. TIO Sey War EL AC ES: Council. C. A. BRIGGS, F-E.S. | JOHN T. CARRINGTON. | W. A. PEARCE. J. H. CARPENTER. F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S. | H. A. SAUZE. W. MANSBRIDGE, F.E3S. Hon. Curator. Hon. Librarian. W. WEST (Greenwich). Gen). URINE: By Es S! Hon. Creasurer. R. ADKIN, F.E.S., Wellfield, 4, Lingards Road, Lewisham, S.E. Hon. Secretaries. SUEDWARDS: F.U:SjF.Z.S:, FAIS) ete, (General Sec:), Kidbrook Lodge, Blackheath, S.E. Helen R NER, EE.S. (Report Sec), 13, Drakefell Road, St. Catherine’s Park, S.E, f — ( Tf fs ir ¢ mo 4 OW A EDTD Lo 5 dt ML! Fhe oa WK SOUTH LONDON Entomological and Alatural History Society, HIBERNIA CHAMBERS, LONDON BRIDGE, S.Ex The Society has for its object the diffusion of Biological Science, by means of Papers. and Discussions, and the formation of Typical Collections. There is a Library for the use of Members. Meetings of the Members are held on the 2nd and 4th Thursday evenings in each month, from Eight to Ten p.m., at the above address. The Society’s Rooms are easy of access from all parts of London, and the Council cordially invite the co-operation of all Naturalists, especially those who are willing to further the objects of the Society by reading Papers and exhibiting their Specimens. we SUBSCRIPTION. Seven Shillings and Sixpence per Annum, with an Entrance Fee of Two Shillings and Sixpence. All Communications to be addressed to the Hon. Gen. Secretary, 5. EDWARDS; E-L:S,, FE. S% ete, Kidbrook Lodge, Blackheath, S.E. errr ~ PAST PRESTDEN TS. 1872 ... J. R. WELLMAN. 1884 ... W. West, L.D.S. TO7Q) cer Fe 1885 ... R. Sout, F.E.S. LSTA) cee 3 . 1886 ... R. Apxkin, F.E.S. 1875 ... A. B. Farn. TOSTaec i, TO Omeen . 1888 ... L£. R. Birtups, F.E.S. 1977) ae) be BARREGT: 1889 ... i . 1878200 |. Ls WILLIAMS, 1890 ... J. T. CARRINGTON, F.L.S. 1879 ... R. STANDEN, F.E.S. 1891 ... W. H. TuGweE Lt, Pu.C. 1880 .., A. FICKLIN. 1892 ... C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. 1881 ... V. R. Perxins, F.E.S. 1893... J. J. Weir, F.L.Syete 1882 ,.. T. R. Bitrups, FES. 1894... E. STEP. 1883 ... J. R. WELLMAN, 1895 ... 2. W HALL; FESS . REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, 18095. HE Council of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society, in presenting the Twenty- Third Annual Report, notes with great pleasure that the condition of the Society continues to be satisfactory. Since the last Annual Meeting twelve Members have been elected, some of whom are already taking an active part in the affairs of the Society. During the same period death has deprived us of four members, viz. Messrs. J. M. Adye and R. A. Clark, who for some years have been on the country list, Mr. G. H. Hickling, who joined the Society in 1878, and Mr. W. H. Tugwell, who since the second year of the Society’s existence had taken a lively interest in its work; he was for many years a member of the Council, and occupied the presidential chair in 1891. Seven Members have resigned, and the Council, in the exercise of its discretion under Bye-law 10, sec. 2, removed the names of eight Members from the list for non-payment of subscription. The election of one Member, balloted for during the previous year, has become void. The effective strength of the Society therefore now stands at 180 Members. The finances of the Society maintain a sound basis. During the year four Field Meetings were held, viz. :— May 18th to Bookham and Ranmore Common, and on June 29th to Oxshott, when many Members availed themselves of the opportunities afforded for spending instructive afternoons in these pleasant and productive localities. Whit Monday falling on June 3rd, a Field Meeting was arranged to be held at Brockenhurst and the neighbouring portions of the New Forest. Provision was made for the convenience of such Members as were able to leave town on the previous Friday evening to take up their quarters at the 4 rendezvous for the three following days, and the opportunity was taken advantage of by several, while a large number who were not so fortunately situated joined them on the Monday. On the whole, the support given by Members to this new departure may be regarded as satisfactory, and should prove a stimulus to further attempts in the same direction. The Cryptogamic Meeting held on October 16th was so arranged as to fall on the day preceding the Society’s Exhibition. The locality visited was Oxshott, and a large. collection of Fungi, numbering some forty species, many of them rare and otherwise interesting, was made, and when arranged covered a large table at the Exhibition, and formed an exhibit of considerable interest, and the basis of an instructive lecture delivered by Dr. M. C. Cooke. The Council desires to thank those gentlemen who undertook the management of the above Field Meetings, and is gratified to know that their efforts were appreciated by a large number of members. The Exhibition was held in the St. Martin’s Town Hall on Thursday, October 17th, and was well attended, the improved accommodation afforded by these new premises being much appreciated by exhibitors and visitors alike. The numbers and variety of the exhibits was well up to the average, and attracted considerable. attention. Lectures were given by Mr. F. Enocu on ‘“ Insect Architects,” and by Dr. M. C. Cooke on “ Fungi,” as before referred to, and drew large audiences. The Annual Dinner was held at the Bridge House Hotel on February 26th. The Librarian reports that one book, ‘‘ Forbes’ Starfish,” has disappeared from the Library without his knowledge ; if any Member has inadvertently omitted to return that or either of the books previously lost, viz. Douglas’ “‘ World of Insects”? and Cameron’s ‘‘ Phytophagous Hymenoptera,” Vol. III., the Librarian will be pleased to hear from him. The following additions have been made to the Library 5 during the year, and the thanks of the Society are due to the respective donors :— ‘“ Wayside and Wocdland Blossoms” (by E. Step), and ““The Royal Natural History,” Vols. II.—IV., from Messrs. W. F. and N. D. WarRNE. “The Entomologist’s Record,” 1894, from Messrs. HopGEs and Tutt. “The Entomologist,’’ 1895, from Mr. SouTH. “The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,” 1895, from Mr. McLAcHLan. “Science Gossip,” 1895, and “‘Science Gossip” Index, 1894, from Mr. CARRINGTON. ‘The Naturalist’s Journal,” 1895, from Mr. Forp. “The Zoologist,’’ 1895, from Mr. NEWMAN. ‘Special Index” of ‘‘ Entomologist’s Record” for 1894, from Mr. HopceEs. “Common Fungi,” by M. C. Cooke, and ‘‘ The Story of Primitive Man,” by Clodd, from Mr. STANLEY EDWarbs. ‘*A Naturalist’s Diary,” by Dr. Roberts, and “ British Lepidoptera,” by E. C. Meyrick, from Mr. R. ADKIN. ‘* Address of the Ent. Soc. of Lond.,” 1895, from Mr. Hy. J. TURNER. “Report of the Dulwich Science Society,” 1894-5, from the SOCIETY. (aBritisa Wepidopteras + _VOl woe einone Minn Cam Ge BARRETT. “The Footpath,” from the Epirors. ““The Geographical Distribution of Scale Insects,” by T. D. A. Cockerell, from the AUTHOR. “these ntomologist’s Necord) 2 1895, arom Mr. Jj.) We Duna Mr. W. West (Greenwich), who continues to efficiently carry out the duties of Curator, reports that by the kindness of the late South London Microscopical and Natural History Society, three boxes of insects have been presented to the collections. oy SSRs 6) Ge AS eee eee Le Siw Onroe LO7 1% So eels or Sr og. = @ “Gi Op er ai On 4a I Ve aL a Oo II OI Tr Or Z Tse qe at OWS 9 See Oc o eee Q cI 1 ele a % olQ —-—— £ 8 ran ae 1 09 6 o or Ze — O OI @ Oo} 6) Ste eae (aig) syoutqesg pue Areiqry jo souvinsuy dee “+ pueyy ur aourjeg Ag | ‘aang puagx yay m8 aSNaAdS AS “puny [eieuer) Woy see soueijuq “ sels dic ond oaC aourreg oy "s7GlaIay “LINNODODV puey ur souryeg O60 eee eee siete aseysog Ssuluiig salyinjery) pue sase AA ‘oya ‘YJOTD ‘aseqIeD ‘saqe T, JOH soja (SulqYysI] ‘suOoOY jo IIH —-uolyiqiyxy Jo sasuedxq weyyoog ‘surjaaI platy we i eaf ““9uUIG [enuuy jo sesuedxq “puny uoreoyqnd 0} 930A 9/e asuadsng 0} palsies sae sours} y “** sgtipung pur ‘A1aU0T}2}G ‘g8e4s0g 00 arte Suyuug ++ (aeaf 1) souRpud}yYy : ** (avak 1) quay Ag eee . ‘aungipuagxg g Li 1 weyyoog ‘suljaeW Plety © 9 LO Z QI 0% — oe viv OmecO1 9 41 Ll == 0 0 9 076 oF -——-— gj § Oe cit Qg z qo £ & Oo O1@ On Olet 0 0 &f v (F Zo wae see Dis F ANNA IvVuaNaDd ve oe “puny saqyuvieny UoIIqIyxy AGA "! syOMOLL uOTPIqIYUX A jo aes “ "+ qquulq [enuuy jo 9/e uo szdia.ay "* pIAIVIOI suonditosqng jo sivaliy : “* g/% ye C1 ‘saaq voursjUy “ee “ce eee o/e uo ““ eee g/z i“ 6I a3 “ ‘6 eee —/$ “ Ol “ “ “ib eee -/9 “ 9 ay “ ‘ “+ g/Z 3e gg ‘paataoas suotjdiosqng te “+ puepy ul aouryeg OL *s7G1dI9N "SOSI Vid fie LOT FHAHS, AOINV IVE LEMON AMOMSIH THIDAWN NH TWoOMEeTOMeaNA NOdNoT HiDOS Hit ‘ AATMNIM “H MUVIN ‘SODINA “VD 9681 ‘ygZ1 Auvnuvg ‘4991109 punoj pue ‘siayono pue syoog yyw poiedwos ‘PasWeEx ‘s4ozipny { 0 CI go¥ o €1 gz¥ 0 0 6 Kes ye pantea “pg ‘sg bz¥ ‘suondtszosang jo sreauy “ o €1 61 ———— Oe Oner o60 “* puny uoleorqng @ is II @ one PAS puny Areaqry ss S re) C1 gz eee eee eee eee eoe eee aourreg (6 fo) ¢ c eee “qunoDDYy asuadsng “ 6 TEIN ‘ojo ‘sjuNOoOY Surpurysyng uey Ag 12 Sata wal 090 puny [erouer ‘sourreg oy Dim Sim *Sa142]1QvlT (ema Samy "SJass 7 ‘SHILITIGVIT 2% SLHSSV 6 © (ie: | 6 & LEF | Ones Sap Vat 2 oe sg ae <¢, SSUIPIII0Ig ,, Jo ayes “ 6 0 9f —-—— O 6 Cr wae eee eee eee suoljeuogd “cb 6 O11 ore po oH ues ee pueyY ul sourjeg “ € 8 o@ aie “puny yelauer woiyaj0A “ OQ 7 GB 09 BO “ja ‘Suipurg ‘surjuig sseidiaqyaqy Ag | 9g © og ne “* pueyy ur sourreg oy Yo "SG ‘ANI pUuagx 7 oD) Sea ‘sqGlaIay ‘GNNH NOILVOITENd 3) O aya 8 0 ZF Tor ra eee eee eee eee eee puey ul aourleg (as 9 OI eee Oo ny eco ooo " saxog jo aes “cc 6 411 ——— | @ Olt ——— 5, 6 QI eee coe eee syoog Surpuig “ Il Zz ace eee see vee souly Areiqry “ @ i ti ** €6g1 ‘Aya100g Aey 0} uodrosqns Ag See a1 BOD a: 9 ge aourreg OL Go es ‘IANILpUuagx qT TD 3 Ss ‘sgGlaIay ‘GNNA AUXVAAIT THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. GENTLEMEN, It has been customary for your retiring President at the Annual Meeting of this Society to give a short résumé of the year's doings. I do not think it is possible for me to devise a better system than that followed by so many of my predecessors, and I propose, therefore, to devote my few remarks to this subject. Of the earlier history of this Society—from the years 1872 to 1883—I have little knowledge. I joined the Society in 1884 at the invitation of our first President, now, to our regret, passed from amongst us. I first met Mr. Wellman at those pleasant meetings Mr. Carrington used to hold at the Westminster Aquarium. At that time the Society was under a very dark cloud ; it had only forty-four members, of whom two were life members and six corresponding. The total income of the Society amounted to some £16, and we had only about eighty volumes in our library. We have now one hundred and eighty members on our books, our income for the year amounts to £90, and our library contains about five hundred volumes, besides pamphlets innumerable. We have elected during the year twelve new members. I had hoped for even a larger number, but from what we already know of some of these additions, they will, I feel sure, make up in quality for lack of quantity. As a further sign of progress, allow me to point to our Transactions. In the year 1883 they consisted of a very small pamphlet of some 24 pages inclusive. The Proceed- ings for 1895 are, of course, not out yet, although I am credibly informed they are well up to date. Those for 1894 consisted of a closely printed book of 140 pages, containing, I venture to state, material for the information and study of every one interested in natural history or its pursuits. At our Annual Dinner, held on the 26th February, Mr. J. T. Carrington, in either proposing a toast or returning thanks--I am not quite sure which—suggested that he thought our meetings would be much improved and en- livened if we became possessed of a lantern, as there were many amongst cur members who had the opportunity and 9 the ability to prepare interesting slides, with which they might illustrate and thus add to the interest of their papers and communications. Our worthy secretary, Mr. Edwards, evidently took the matter to heart, and in the most generous manner presented the Society with a lantern at our second meeting in March. I feel that our special thanks are due to Mr. Edwards for this timely kindness, and I hope sincerely that the possession of such a lantern will be the means of extending the useful- ness of the Society generally. Mr. Carrington has already given us an address on some collecting grounds and the trees there, illustrated with beau- tifully executed lantern-slides kindly prepared and lent by Mr. Evans. I hope members will bear the lantern in mind, and whenever they have a chance of obtaining or preparing slides, will not fail to seize the opportunity and let us have the benefit of them in due course. Our Library, under Mr. Turner’s able care, has during the year been considerably increased and enriched by many valuable works, mostly acquired by presentation. Apparently our Committee have not seen their way clear to vote any special grant to this object during the past year. I feel our Library cannot be made too complete, and to this end I would remind any members and friends possessed of duphi- cate copies, that they cannot dispose of them more bene- ficially or usefully than by presenting them to our Library. The more complete it is, the more it will be used and appreciated. Our friend Mr. West, of Greenwich, still remains Curator of our collections, as he was in 1883, when I first heard of the Society, and as he has been ever since. I do not think our collections have grown with the Society quite as much as they should have done. ‘This is not due in any way to laxity on the part of our Curator. With the somewhat sparse material supplied to him he has done wonders. No man can make bricks without straw, nor can a curator work up a good collection unless our members will each take a personal interest therein. Iam sure the nume- rous desiderata do not arise in any way from want of gene- rosity on the part of our members, but rather from want of thought ; but when we find so very few members making donations to the collection during the year, I think you will agree with me that it is time we were up and stirring. I have heard whispers of a probability of this Society becoming the custodians of one of our old collections, unique 10 in types and interest. Whether that comes to pass or not, a Society of our magnitude, containing so many hard-work- ing entomologists, ought to have a far better type collection ; and every one who has duplicates should make a point of looking them out and forwarding them to Mr. West as soon as possible. There is also room for improvement in another direction, i.¢. the reading of papers at our ordinary meetings. This is too much confined to a few willing friends, upon whom we are apt to press too hard. Many members at the beginning of last year promised papers. Some have failed to keep those promises, nor have we had the number of volunteers. to fill their places that I should like to see. I would respect- fully suggest members not only giving their names as willing to read a paper or papers during the year, but in each case offering definite dates, and if possible data, for the purpose. This once booked would spur each individual member on, and he would be more likely to keep his promise than if no date were fixed, and he felt he could put it off from time to time to suit every little seeming necessity that arose. Our meetings during the year have, I think, kept up their average of attendance and interest, but we need a little more attention in that respect in order to prevent any retrograde movement. Let each member do his best to exhibit any- thing he may obtain of interest or instruction, at the same time carefully preparing a short written notice for the secretary, in order that none of the special points may be overlooked. Let none of our younger members fail to bring their exhibits forward for fear of their being of little or no interest. Even the commonest specimen may disclose points of interest equal to or greater than the rarest. Had it not been for the attention Messrs. Hawes and others paid to Hesperia linea, we might still have been in ignorance of the existence in our midst of Hesperia lineola. It would perhaps be invidious on my part to particularise any of our exhibits during the year, but special reference is due to the two exhibitions of Mymaridez made by Mr. Enoch. On the gth May, with the aid of the microscope, he showed us living specimens of that exceedingly rare aquatic parasite on the eggs of the dragon-fly, Polynema natans (Lubbock), which, as could be seen, used its wings for swimming, and as regards which Mr. Enoch states he has observed copulation to take place below the surface of the water. On the 12th September Mr. Enoch also showed us a number of speci- mens of Trichogramma evanescens, contributing interesting 11 notes. I also feel that we owe a debt of obligation for the series of papers on the Zygenidz read by Mr. Tutt. We have had four Field Meetings during the year, and very successful they have been. There is a tendency towards eliminating these meetings from our programme, but I sin- cerely hope that the time when they will be discontinued is far distant. Possibly for the young ardent collector they may prove somewhat slow, but to those of us who are getting more or less removed from the ardour of youth, these friendly reunions are always exceedingly pleasurable. The receipt of hints and lessons in practical woodcraft from our more expe- rienced fellow-members, the identification 7 situ of plants, larve, &c., and the general assistance always so freely rendered, give, I am sure, a special zest and interest to our favourite study. On Whit Monday a novel excursion was organised to the New Forest, where arrangements were made for members spending two or three days. Those who went enjoyed the trip so much that I understand the experiment is to be repeated. Speaking for myself, our pleasantest meeting was on the 29th June, when we had a full attendance of members at Oxshott and Esher. The day was somewhat overcast, but good work was done and a very pleasant afternoon spent by those who attended. These Field Meetings afford a reunion not only for our members, but a means of introducing friends who may in time become members, and for this reason alone I think they should be added to rather than done away with. In addition to the three fixed field meetings there was a Fungus Foray for our Exhibition. The attendance was very sparse, but perhaps it is not to be wondered at considering the time of year. Notwithstanding this, the members who did attend were eminently successful in securing a fine collection of fungi for the Society’s Exhibition. At the risk of being considered importunate, I wish again to refer to our Album. My plea for doing this now is the hope that my remarks may reach some of our older members who are not regular attendants at our meetings. I do feel that, with the uncertainty of life and the many changes that are daily taking place in our midst, it behoves every one for our common interest to make our Album as complete as possible. It is not a very heavy matter for each member to contribute his portrait, if he will only make up his mind and do it at the earliest convenient moment; and we shall then require that second volume which I shall have great pleasure in supplying whenever it is needed. How interesting to us 12 all it would be to see our fellow-workers and co-members, and especially those who have passed from amongst us, represented in the annals of our Society, not only by their works, but by their counterfeit presentments, does not require any particularising on my part. There is one special subject of interest which has occurred during the year to which I feel bound to devote a portion of my address, and that is our Exhibition. I notice we always describe it as our Annual Exhibition, although for some reason or other it has remained in abeyance since 1892. Our arrangements this year were made on a scale and in a style surpassing anything before attempted, and the result, both financially and as regards the interest of the exhibits and the attendance of our members and the public generally, ex- ceeded our most sanguine expectations. For the first time in our existence we crossed the Thames—that Rubicon of some of our older members. I cannot say that I did this without any feelings of regret, but we practically had no choice. Partly owing to our inability to fix dates with our former host at the Bridge House, we were obliged to seek fresh quarters, and although Messrs. Billups, Briggs, and others devoted a large amount of time towards finding suit- able premises in the district, they were unable to do so. I think our Committee of Management are to be much con- eratulated on having secured such a conveniently situated building for the purpose as St. Martin’s Town Hall. The lighting was excellent, and the space at our disposal larger than we have ever had before. Our committee were there- fore enabled to provide ample accommodation for an unique and interesting series of exhibits. To particularise would be impossible in an address of this description, but I cannot avoid specially referring to the magnificent collection of eggs of Mr. J. A. Cooper, whose kindness in once more taking so much trouble for our pleasure and support, I feel I cannot sufficiently repay. Mr. Enock, with his usual kindness, gave us a couple of particularly interesting lecturettes, illustrated with slides as true to nature as one might expect from so careful a student. Dr. Cooke also gave usa lecture on Edible Fungi, coupled with some admirable advice on the subject, which I have no doubt all our members will take to heart. Subsequent to the lecture Dr. Cooke gave a short series of practical lessons to all interested in the subject, illustrated by the specimens collected at the Fungi Foray before mentioned. The enter- tainment of all those who were there was further promoted 13 by a concert ably got up and conducted by Mr. W. Latter, R.A.M., with whose musical excellence I am pleased to say most of our members are well acquainted. Now, gentlemen, I can assure you that the members of our Exhibition Committee worked hard, and I do think the thanks of the Society generally so kindly vouchsafed to the Committee were well earned. I recommend you on all future occasions specially to see that you secure the services of our worthy Treasurer, Mr. Adkin, on that committee; his energies were untiring, and no small amount of the success of the Exhibition was due to the arduous labours bestowed on the arrangements by himself and Mrs. Adkin. To them and to our numerous friends who so kindly contributed to the success of the entertainment by loans of exhibits, their personal assistance, and in sundry other ways, our gratitude is not only due, but freely given, and I think the manner in which our junior members came forward and assisted us is proof, if proof be required, of the good these exhibitions do, and the thoroughness of our Society’s work. Possibly some of our members may ask, Was the exhibition a success finan- cially? Well, that depends on so many things, but I think I may say it was. We did not gwite pay our way, it is true, but our Exhibition was unique, not only as regards the change in locality and its general excellence, but in that the Society as a society was not called upon to pay one sixpence towards the expenses. A few members formed a guarantee fund, but even they were only called upon for quite a trifling subscription. Certain members have been known to question the desira- bility of these annual exhibitions being held. Personally, I am convinced that they are a decided source of strength, not only to the Society in particular but to natural history in general. They doa great deal towards removing a very loose but somewhat general impression that natural history is only a pursuit for children, or cannot be made interesting or useful to even the average adult. To our Society they are useful by way of recruiting our ranks and introducing fresh blood. Many of our members can be traced back either directly or indirectly to the agency of our Exhibitions. In addition to which one meets friends from the country who are seen at no other time, and the same may be said of the special rarities or gems from the collections of many of our best naturalists, whose cabinets, either on account of distance or from other causes, are not open to the inspection of naturalists at large. I believe on this occasion, no doubt 14 owing to our central position, we got into the Exhibition several of the British public who had no particular tendencies towards our hobby. I hope that may be the means of lead- ing at least some of them to take a deeper interest in the subject. It has been suggested that we had rivals or even superiors in this field. I cannot admit the fact. Our Exhi- bition was beyond anything of the kind done before, and I feel sure that with the experience gained on this occasion our future exhibitions, which I do hope and trust we shall succeed in making literally annual, will be as far superior to the one held this year as this year was in advance of previous ones. There are one or two suggestions in connection with. the subject I feel bound to specially mention. We were too late with our tickets. The financial portion depends to a large extent on the assistance we get from our members in selling and distributing tickets. Unfortunately, as I have stated, we did not on this occasion get them out early enough. To my mind they should be in the hands of the members onsale or return at least a month or even six weeks before the day of the Exhibition. A little more care is also required in connection with the ticket department generally. I did hear complaints of tickets not reaching their destination, and various little catastrophes in con- nection with exhibits and exhibitors. These arose mainly owing to our having to crowd too much into the last few days. I can, however, personally vouch for the fact that both the Secretaries and Committee worked hard for the good of the Exhibition and the Society, and I sincerely hope that any little shortcomings on any of our parts will be for- gotten and forgiven in the splendid results obtained as a whole. I think also that it isa mistake to make it a one- day show. Few people are aware of the tremendous amount of trouble and energy required in getting up anything of this kind, and I doubt if it is really worth while doing for one night only, and I hope for a change in this direction in the future. Amongst the many interesting papers published during the year, I was much struck with one on Specialists and Specialism by the President of the North London Natural History Society, and if I may venture, without impertinence, to so suggest, I think it would be a good thing if the members of our Society, without discarding that general knowledge of biology which is most essential to a specialist, would devote their particular attention and energies to some special group or species. The undoubted tendency of the 15 age is towards specialisation not only in Entomology, but in every department of either science, art, or commerce. The best work is undoubtedly being done by specialists, and it is to specialists we must look for new discoveries and the advancement of science in general. I have often wondered if some combination of the many Natural History Societies of the Metropolis could be ar- ranged. Union is strength all the world over. This is neither the occasion nor the time to go into any details in reference to such a matter, but the idea of a large central society, with a local habitation and name—a library and collections, second to none, always open for inspection, study, and reference—a meeting-place for biologists gene- rally—does open up a vista; albeit it is but a castle in the air, pleasant in the extreme. We have lost by death during the past year four members. The latest in date and most regrettable is that of our Pre- sident for 1891, Mr. W. H. TuGweiit. Thelate Mr. W. H. Tugwell was elected a member of this Society in the year 1873. In him we lose another of the links connecting the past generation of entomologists with the present. His loss will be felt by a large circle of friends throughout the kingdom. For more than forty years Mr. Tugwell had been a keen collector of British Lepidoptera. With the exception of the last year or two, during which time he had been more or less incapacitated by ill-health, he had for many years been a most active and prominent member of our Society. Mr. Tugwell was born at Reigate on the 31st February, 1831, and died at his own residence at Greenwich on the 2oth September, 1895, at the age of sixty-four, after a long illness from an obscure spinal disease. Notwithstanding this serious illness, his interest in the Society repeatedly mani- fested itself in the exhibition of any entomological speci- mens which he thought would interest his fellow members, and as late as October of this year we find him contributing notes on the early stages of the larvee of Stauropus fagi to the ‘‘Entomologist.’”’ Having selected as a profession that of a pharmaceutical chemist, he removed to London, and for many years lived in the heart of the City, from whence he removed to Greenwich, where he spent the remainder of his days. Mr. Tugwell learnt a good deal of his woodcraft at Tilgate Forest (with the full capacities of which he was well conversant) under Tester, and was facile princeps as a collector of those good things which were then first dis- covered, and are still to be found in that favoured district. 16 For years he gave close attention to rearing larve, and was thus enabled to leave behind him the life histories of a good many of our rarer species, amongst which I may mention Nola centonalis and Acidalia ochrata. As a field companion he was a most pleasant acquaintance. His intimate know- ledge of botany added not a little to the enjoyment of a walk in his company. To use the words of our Treasurer, he died ‘‘ regretted by all who knew him, and most by those who knew him best.” Another old member we have lost during the year is Mr. G. H. Hick ino, who joined the Society in 1878, but has not, as far as I am aware, been a very active member, at any rate of late years. Of Mr. R. A. CLarx, M.A., who joined the Society in 1890, and died during the summer, I have no knowledge. Mr. JAMES MorTIMER ADYE, F.E.S., died at Bournemouth on 13th March, 1895, at the early age of thirty-five years. Mr. Adye was elected a member of our Society in 1886, and was well known as a diligent student and collector of the flora and fauna of the New Forest district. It seems that Mr. Adye contracted a severe cold during the previous autumn when collecting in the New Forest, and neglected it, with fatal results, it being followed by pneumonia and pleurisy, and finally by phthisis. I will now briefly refer to some eminent biologists and workers outside the Society who have been removed from their labours by death during the past year. Professor CHARLES VALENTINE RILEy, M.A., etc. The sudden news of Professor Riley’s death, the result of a fall from his bicycle, which occurred at Washington on September 14th, was a shock to us all. Many of our members had the privilege of meeting Professor Riley at the London Entomo- logical Society, and most of us have made his acquaintance through his numerous publications. He was born at Chelsea in 1843, and had as one of his early friends the late Mr. W. C. Hewitson, who may very possibly have given him that ardent taste for collecting and drawing insects which he has so conspicuously exhibited throughout his career. At a comparatively early age he ran away from home and mi- grated to America. After filling various occupations, in 1868 he started, conjointly with the late D. Walsh, the ‘*‘ American Entomologist,” and shortly afterwards accepted the position of State Entomologist for Missouri. From 1881 to 1894 he was Government Entomologist for the United States, during ‘which time he published many reports, and especially the 17 journal known as “ Insect Life.” In 1894 he sent in his resignation, which was accepted. During the latter portion of his life he devoted his time to scientific work, and last summer came over to England. For his practical sugges- tions in connection with phylloxera he received the gold medal of the French Government, and subsequently the cross of the Legion of Honour. Professor CHARLES CARDALE BABINGTON, M.A., F.R.S., was born at Ludlow in 1808, and died at Cambridge July 22nd, 1895. Professor Babington was one of the two origi- nal members of the Entomological Society of London who still remained to us, the other being Mr. W. B. Spence. He was best known asa botanist, and the author of the ‘“‘ Manual of British Botany,” which passed through many editions. The Right Honorable THomMas HENRY Huxtey, LL.D., BIN oct. DORN on ist May. 1625,,and died /29th*]une, 1895. It would be superfluous to attempt any detailed notice of the writings or work of Professor Huxley. Possibly no man did more to influence modern thought on questions of natural philosophy and kindred subjects. By his death the world has lost one of its best men. Major JOHN NATHANIEL STILL, F.E.S., died suddenly on September 23rd, aged 47, whilst playing golf at Whitchurch Down, near Tavistock, Devon. Major Still entered the army in 1867 in the King’s Own Scottish Borderers, but retired when purchase was abolished in 1873. He joined the Royal Wiltshire Regiment in 1875, and retired with the rank of Major in 1886. His entomological work, which he recommenced after his retirement, was chiefly done on Dartmoor and other parts of Devonshire. He was a very liberal correspondent, and being able to devote a great deal of time to collecting, he acquired numerous duplicates, which he distributed with a free hand. Major Still was one of the fortunate band that has been recently working the Cornish. district for Lycena arion. He acquired a host of entomological friends, amongst whom were Messrs. Bicknell, Stonehouse, and our member Mr. Hawes: and he was a man whose loss will come as a great sorrow to a large circle of entomological correspondents and friends. The phenomenally hard weather we had at the begin- ning of the year, following an equally phenomenally mild autumn, must have had an unusual effect on insect life. Birds suffered greatly, and their dead bodies were picked up in hundreds. The cold winds in spring, followed by hot, dry summer - 18 weather, had a detrimental effect on collecting in the early part of the season; but when things did mend, they mended with a vengeance. On the whole, I think we may count 1895 as a good and prosperous season. As might naturally be expected, now that increasing interest is being given to biological science, the additions to our British Fauna list are not so numerous as they used to be, but we still have some noteworthy examples, of which perhaps the following are the most interesting : Mammalia.—It is exceedingly rare to have to chronicle any new mammal, but this year we have to add the Irish Stoat.(\skrish Naturalist’). Lepidoptera gives us some four additions, viz. : Mesogona acetosella, Fab. A specimen of this Noctua was taken at sugar by Mr. Thos. Salvage on the 26th October, at Arlington, Sussex, and is the first recorded occurrence of the species in Britain. It somewhat resembles T. stabzlis, and was identified by Messrs. Barrett and Adkin. The species has a wide geographical range, from Central Russia, through Germany to France, but it is somewhat local. GE ntomologist,”’ vol. xxvilijp. 317.) Tinea vinculella, H.S., added by Mr. N. M. Richardson, from specimens bred from larve taken at Portland. T. vinculella somewhat resembles 7. argentimaculella. The larva of the latter, however, makes no case, whilst that of T. vinculella makes a case out of lichen and particles of stone. COE. M. M.,” vol. xxx1.;.p. 01 ent Ree, 2volt viegp arson Sericoris ingratana. A Tortrix, bred by Mr. J. B. Hodg- kinson from balsam seed some years ago, and said to have been recently differentiated by Lord Walsingham, who, however, throws some doubt on the species in his article in the “E. M. M.,” vol. xxxi.,paim6m mi(Sees Entomologist: Vol, XXVill:,.p..181.) Solenobia wockiu, Hein., identified by Mr. C. G. Barrett from a specimen in the collection of Mr. R. C. Beadle, at Sutton Coldfield, who has since taken other examples in the Wyre Forest districti(i(%r. M.. M.,” vol. xceah p. 163.) In Coleoptera we have three additions :— Ottorrhynchus auropunctatus, Gyll., added to the British list by Mr. G. C. Champion from specimens captured by Mr. Halbert near Dublin, and has also been recently taken at Portmarnock. (EM. M.,”’ vol. xxxt.,. p. 1gB9) Bembidiuin virens, Gyll., also recorded by Mr. Champion as taken not uncommonly by Mr. Lloyd and himself on the 19 shores of Loch Maree, Ross; it also occurs in Sweden, Lapland, Finland, Switzerland, and Norway, but is not known in either Germany or France. (‘ E. M. M.,” vol. xxxi. Pp. 263, 264.) Ochthebius lejolist, Muls. and Rey, is added by Mr. W. H. Bennett, captured in pools of stale water at Ilfracombe. (CA SMERMEY ovoll xxxi,,, ps. 81.) Hymenoptera gives us four additions:—Andrena ambigua and Halictus angusticeps, Perkins. Two new species of An- drenidz hitherto undescribed are introduced by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins, M.A.; the former is allied to and intermediate be- tween varians, Rossi, and helvola. Linn., and has been taken at Dartmoor im co1twu. The latter is similar to H. puncta- tissimus, Schenck, but is distinguishable by the difference of the genital armature, and the fact that the tarsi are not at all yellow. Habitat, Sidmouth and Weymouth. (“E. M. Mie 70s Sood, De Soy) Sciopteryx consobrinus, Kl., taken in Guestling by Mr. W. Bennett, April 3rd, 1893, and differentiated from S. cestalis bythe peve aN" Bloomtield a \( 127 MIMe) volkp xxx. Qe ES MEN INC Cay 4 VOls Vil.) 5515) Sphecodes rubtcundus, v. Hag. A bee new to Britain, and now found to be an inquiline of Andrena nigroenea and A. labialis, was discovered by Mr. Sladen, of Dover, on a grassy bank at the edge of his carriage drive, and identified by Mr. Edward Saunders. (‘‘E. M. M.,’”’ vol. xxxi., pp. 256-259.) In Hemiptera-Homoptera we also have four discoveries, v1zZ.— A leurvodes carpim, Koch, found on the branches of a horn- beamyatibexley. Kent, by) Mr. i Jj \V.) Douglas; GE Me Mee 2VOl.) Xxxi14,. p17.) Dactylopius hibernicus and radicum, two new species of Coccide, named and described by Mr. R. Newstead. (“E. M. M.,” vol. xxxi., pp. 167 and 235.) Salda Muellerx, Gmelin, added by Mr. E. Saunders from specimens taken at Scarborough, Aviemore, Horning, and BallinluiggtPerth.. Cy E. M. M.,”° vol.) xxx1.)p)i237.) Neuroptera (three species). Hydroptila tigurina, Ris., a species not uncommon in the Ambleside district, and Oxyethira frict, Klap, identified by Mr. Morton from a speci- men taken in the Rothiemurchus district a few years ago, are bothvadded by;Mrj,]..J. F. XiiiGings. (> = MVE,” volt KOKI, DP. eZ) Mesophylax aspersus, Rbr., a Caddis fly new to Britain, is described by Mr. R. McLachlan from a single female taken 20 ‘by Mr. Claude Morley at Ipswich on 23rd April. (“ E. M. M.,” vol. xxxXl., p. 255-) Diptera (five species). Psilota atra, Fln., and Didea inter- media, Lw., are admitted as new British Diptera on the authority of the Rev. E: N. Bloomfield. (‘‘E. M. M.,” vol. XXXI1., pp. 113 and 267.) Diastata unipunctata, Ztt., added by Mr. R. H. Meade from a capture by Mr. Beaumont at Pitlochry. (“‘E. M. M.,” vol. XK es 70s) Melanostoma barbifrons. A Syrphid not previously re- corded is described in the “‘ Naturalist”’ for July, by Mr. R. H. Meade, from a specimen captured at Grange-over-Sands in | ‘April, 1895. (“Naturalist”” for July ;-“° Ent. Rec:,”’ vol vii, e123) i Cephenomyia rufibarbis. A bot fly parasitic on the red deer, new to Britain, described by Mr. P. H. Grimshaw in the ‘‘ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” for July. Two specimens were captured by Mr. L. W. Hinxman at Strathcarron, Ross, in June and July, 1s94- (° Ann, Scot. Nat:-Hist- for July; ent. Kec.,