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ADDISONIA

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

AND

POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS

OF

PLANTS

VOLUME 17
1932

PUBLISHED BY
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

(ADDISON BROWN FUND)

THE SCIENCE PRESS : .
PRINTING COMPANY ee

LANCASTER, PA. ‘ . nad
°

CONTENTS

Part 1

May 21, 1932

PLATE PAGE
Hid) HA PlOCTS MIAMI CETISIGs «2,20. U os Sabotage cthcnadadncoit 1
oid Gos Ptr LelSian AUMCTACHIIAS. cc Sn alg hele oo oh cual bectedere ntecties ak 3
SyskTbc MiG aire certs) GY G)sh: mpes Mitta oe FRR deers 21 aM ce OR RI ea a edo 5
ron E HLMMUISAKGALIDAedy: <n ae ne ken cedk kl cea ceieumatdaeiont i!
S47 BE OCOMEAL SOlATiAT OLFUUT oa 2.8 eae. cls ach. ge het Seana 9
a0 mM oLesnospermay Walimifolie ccc cn tides katt tiemales. td ai!
SS Orel Acar POMOSHEPMIA ah .o. 6 thc es chat seco ein eek natch at, 13
Bey OSH SOTA OM, ck See Macks wae. ee ccc eae eR on a a: 15
Part 2
JuLY 27, 1982
MO OM RAG eSCaIit a LOMOU OMA: 528 console he teste Mat tc Biel 17
Dd to MORIN GWIA. STY POSE Pala. bP cto Maser detente Som RntnrBicnebh 19
Joop Spuacraleca tm bell ata, tc. b:lcs.cec hdc cet cine tase UA Are ecatiatine 21
Ber AIMsOMA ITOOVICIAME 20a. 0. Sars te atten Mae it etcinecelaae 23
At mean AUS MP UMOSUS) 4.20202. ksi eee ae Se Bie Be 25
Soom -Aselepiass lanceolata 27081 h. 26.0 Se ek cl el ee 27
a MPELALrISa PEASTARG <n8 te ok et Ree Be alas ee I ec eae ote 29
Bolu Glytostomea, callistemoides 2. co. cee en A ant Ssh ee 31
Part 3
OcToBErR 28, 1932
Doe PAL ACTUS LATMONOIAINE o.00.evek hk sess ee ak Ms eattsnns ahs Secclaateas 33
Sao. SE OLycoduam: Horid anim 200005. aad hoa ee aie. Bene 35
soa suonicera. Morcrowi: XANtNOCALDA .%.hc tc. ceendia a ddtacncartant 37
ity plea TR LTO Ary nee Rk cm cake: ee Ne all ry a gar 39
daar 50) anitin POO COLLIE 2) 2 Bs, he sccm ete A An i enemas 4}
SOO SO MME SA MIG WW ONESELS.2255,40.der oie ok Oates cra nsnasesnunneiae 3
SOsuee Latta tit borealis: <4 Oy) keene Sh Oe ES Ee ae Ms 45
B66 eViburmum Wrightit. o0..0...cecc.. Bie One aA ira Seer re gs 47

iv

569
570
571
572
573
574
575

576

ADDISONIA

Part 4

DECEMBER 27, 1932

Mantrede varegeta vail ea ae 4y
PP FURCOTE TAGS OPE incl a sh ei ars ele 51
Oliirita lavantotseba «30 hj 2k a ee 53
Denethera weorlipgia Gol Lee ee ee 55
Beeomes WAGE Sa et ee a 57
Higrrigus soem pairs 28 82 2 ah ea ee aes Sa eae 59
TOT@IIA GONG. hoe kn As eal Asne agin erie aa 61
EAIDIRCHS CRPEIOUE YUN 2h Sd Specie oi hating ae 3

pitta S i oe Os ee Bs ee oe 65

ADDISONIA

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

AND

POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS

OF

PLANTS

VOLUME 17 NUMBER 1
‘% MARCH, 1932

PUBLISHED BY

THE NEW YORK BOTANIGAL GARDEN
(ADDISON BROWN FUND)
MAY 21, 1932

ANNOUNCEMENT —

A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by its late
President, Judge Addison Brown, established the

ADDISON BROWN FUND

“‘the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the
founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the main-

tenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine ~

bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored

plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial posses-

sions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conserva-
tories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any

desirable notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known

properties and uses of the plants illustrated.’’

The preparation and publication of the work have been referred
to Mr. Edward Johnston Alexander, Assistant Curator, and Mr.
Kenneth Rowland Boynton, Head Gardener.

AppIsoni4 is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June,
September, and December. Each part consists of eight colored
plates with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is
$10 annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not
be sold separately. |

Address :

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
BRONX PARK
NEW YORK CITY

Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as
completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the
parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 to 16
has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate
parts can be supplied.

PLATE 545 ADDISONIA

SYMPLOCOS MARTINICENSIS

Lp fey

JUIY O

LIGRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

ADDISONIA f GARDEN 1

(Plate 545)
SYMPLOCOS MARTINICENSIS

Aceituna blanca
Native of Porto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles

Family SYMPLOCACEAE SWEET-LEAF Family

ymplocos martinicensis Jacq. Enum. 24. 1760
Plas id latifolia Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 334, 1892.

Symplocos, the only genus of its family, the name Greek, mean-
ing connected, with reference to the stamens, is a large genus of
American trees and shrubs, established by the eminent botanist Jac-
quin in 1760, the species here described and illustrated, typical.
Most of the species are natives of South America, but a few inhabit
the West Indies, and one, Symplocos tinctoria, the Sweet-leaf,
grows in the southeastern United States. Their leaves are alter-
nate; their regular and perfect, white or yellow flowers are borne
in lateral or axillary clusters. The tube of the calyx is wholly or
partly attached to the ovary. The corolla is 5-lobed, or 5-parted.
There are many stamens, in several series, their filaments usually
slightly united in clusters at the base of each corolla-lobe. The
ovary is few-celled, usually with 2 ovules in each cell, the style sim-
ple. The fruit is dry and 1-seeded.

Mrs. Horne’s painting is from a tree on Reservoir Hill, near
Pueblo Viejo, Porto Rico, the flowering branch June 22, the fruit
July 25, 1929.

Symplocos martinicensis (first known from Martinique) is a
tree, reaching a maximum height of about fifty feet, but usually
much smaller. The wood is nearly white, hard and strong, the
twigs smooth, or very finely hairy. The short-stalked, thin, pointed
leaves are oval or obovate, from about three inches to about six
inches long. The flowers are borne few or several together, in
small, lateral or axillary clusters. The lobes of the calyx are about
one-twelfth of an inch broad. The white corolla is from five to
seven-twelfths of an inch long, with oblong lobes. The oblong fruit
is bluish-black when ripe, about one-half of an inch long.

N. L. Britton.
EXPLANATION OF PLare. Fig. 1.—A flowering twig. Fig. 2.—A young, leafy twigs.

Fig. 3.—A corolla, laid open, showing the stamens. Fig. aK calyx and pistil.
Fig. 5.—An immature fruit. Fig. 6.—Cross-section of immature fruit.

PLATE 546 ADDISONIA

BRUNFELSIA AMERICANA

ADDISONIA a

(Plate 546)
BRUNFELSIA AMERICANA

Aguacero
Native of Porto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles

Family SoLANACEAE Potato Family

Brunfelsia americana L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753.
Brunfelsia americana pubescens Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. I. 452. 1861.

Brunfelsia is a genus taken up by Linnaeus from the writings
of his predecessor Plumier. It consists of about thirty species of
tropical American shrubs, the one here illustrated, typical. The
name commemorates Otto Brunfels, a German physician and bot-
anist, who died in 1534. The plants have alternate, entire leaves,
and the flowers of the West Indian kinds are large and showy,
those of Brazilian species smaller. The calyx is five-toothed, or
five-lobed. The corolla is salverform, with a slender tube, and a
spreading, five-lobed limb. There are four stamens, in two pairs,
all with anthers, or one pair sterile. The pistil has a two-celled
ovary containing many ovules, the style is incurved at the apex, the
stigma two-lamellate. The nearly globular fruit is fleshy or leath-
ery, and remains closed, or bursts irregularly.

Brunfelsta americana grows naturally in thickets and on hill-
sides in eastern Porto Rico, on the Virgin Islands, and in the Lesser
Antilles south to Dominica. It is commonly planted for ornament,
and when in full bloom is one of the most elegant shrubs, profusely
covered with large, fragrant white flowers, which fade yellow.
Rain-tree is an English name for it, and Aleli another Spanish
name. Our illustration is made from a wild plant growing near
Aibonito on the way to Coamo, Porto Rico, painted by Mrs. Horne,
January 4, 1929.

The aguacero (a thunder shower), is usually a shrub about ten
feet high or lower, but occasionally forms a small tree about fifteen
feet high. It is variously hairy, some races or individual bushes
being nearly glabrous, others quite woolly, and the leaf-form varies
from oblong to elliptic or obovate, and blunt, rounded or pointed.
The leaves vary from two to four inches long. The flowers are
short-stalked, usually solitary on the numerous twigs. The cam-
panulate calyx is about one-fourth of an inch long. The corolla,
sometimes with a purple eye, has a tube about an inch and a half to
two inches long, and a limb nearly two inches broad, with rounded
lobes. The globose yellow fruit is from five-twelfths to five-sixths
of an inch in diameter.

N. L. Britton.

EXPLANATION OF PLAvE. Fig. 1—A flowering branch. Fig. 2.—A fruiting twig.

PLATE 547 ADDISONIA

GHINIA SPINOSA

ADDISONIA 5

(Plate 547)

GHINIA SPINOSA
Cardero
Native of Porto Rico and Antigua
Family VERBENACEAE VeERVAIN Family

Tamonea spinosa Sw. Poet 94, 1788.
Ghinia verbenacea Sw. Fl. Ind. gee 1089. 1800.
Gree eee (Sw.) Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Ids. 6; 139.

A rare plant, at present definitely known only from the very
dry, southwestern parts of Porto Rico, where it grows in rocky
thickets at low elevations; it was originally described by Swartz,
in 1788, as from the British island Antigua, in the Lesser Antilles.
Mrs. Horne’s painting was made from a plant growing at Salinas
de Guanica, Porto Rico, December 26, 1930.

Ghinia, a genus established by Schreber in 1789, commemorates
L. Ghini, an Italian botanist and physician, who lived from 1500 to
1556. It consists of four or five species of herbs, or small shrubs,
natives of tropical America. They have opposite, mostly toothed,
or incised leaves, and nearly regular flowers, in slender clusters at
the ends of the branches. The calyx is five-ribbed, and minutely
five-toothed. The corolla has a nearly cylindric tube, and a spread-
ing, five-lobed limb. There are four short stamens, in two pairs.
The ovary is nearly completely four-celled, with one ovule in each
cell, and the style is short. The small, hard, mostly four-celled and
four-horned fruit, usually contains four seeds.

The cardero is much branched, about two feet high, or lower, its
slender branches and few leaves finely rough-hairy. The upper
leaves are lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, acute or acuminate, from -
seven-twelfths of an inch to one inch long, few-toothed or entire.
The lowest leaves (not always found) are oblong, only about five-
twelfths of an inch long, and deeply incised. The very short-stalked
flowers are distant from each other in slender racemes from about
an inch to about four inches long. The calyx is tubular and about
one-sixth of an inch long in flower, becoming obconic in fruit. The
lavender or nearly white corolla is about one-half of an inch broad.
The peculiar fruit is hard and shining, with four horns one-twelfth
to one-sixth of an inch long.

N. L. Britton.

_ EXPLANATION OF PLATE, Figs. 1 and 2.—-Flowering branches. Fig. 3.—A flower-
ing and fruiting branch.

PLATE 548 ADDISONIA

PHTHIRUSA CARIBAEA

ADDISONIA %

(Plate 548)
PHTHIRUSA CARIBAEA

Hicaquillo
Native of the eastern West Indies

Family LORANTHACEAE MISTLETOE Family

Dendropemon caribaeus Krug & Urban; Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 24: 27. 1897.
Phthirusa caribaea Engler, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Nachtr. 2-4: 195. 1897.

The tropical American flora is rich in species of the Mistletoe
Family, grouped in several genera. They are partially parasitic
shrubs, growing on trees, or on other shrubs, often forming large
green masses, and thus conspicuous, especially on trees with meager
foliage, or on those from which the leaves have fallen. Some of the
kinds live only on one kind of tree, others are not thus restricted.
Their fruits or seeds are carried by birds to other trees, or to other
branches of the same tree. The tropical species are all different
from the true Mistletoe of Europe; the classification of genera and
species is based on small, but constant differences in their small
flowers. These partial parasites, taking much of their food from
the trees or shrubs they inhabit, are, doubtless, deleterious to them.
Our illustration, made from a plant growing on a small tree near
Aibonito, Porto Rico, was painted by Mrs. Horne, January 11,
1931.

Phthirusa (Greek, destroying), is a genus established by Mar-
tius in 1830, and includes some forty-five species, inhabiting the
West Indies and tropical South America. Most of them are small
parasites, with round or four-angled branches, and opposite, broad,
fleshy or leathery leaves. The small but perfect flowers are borne
in spikes, racemes, or panicles, and subtended by united ecupulate
bractlets. The calyx is truncate or slightly toothed. There are
usually 6 spreading petals. The few stamens have fleshy filaments
inserted below the middle of the petals. The ovary has an annular
disk, and the style is stout. The fruit is a small fleshy berry.

The Hicaquillo grows on trees and shrubs from Porto Rico and the
Virgin Islands, southward through the Lesser Antilles to Barbados.
Its stems are tufted, spreading or drooping, from about one foot to
nearly three feet long, the young branches four-angled. The short-
stalked leaves, from nearly one inch to about one and three-fourths
inches long, are oval, or obovate, obtuse, acute, or notched. The
slender flower-clusters are stalked, and from half an inch to over
two inches long. The bluish-black berries are one-fourth to one-
third of an inch long, and about one-sixth of an inch thick.

N. L. Britton.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. A flowering and fruiting branch.

PLATE 549 ADDISONIA

EXOGONIUM SOLANIFOLIUM

ADDISONIA 9

(Plate 549)
EXOGONIUM SOLANIFOLIUM

Cambustera de costa
Native of the eastern West Indies

Family CoNVOLVULACEAE Mornino-auory Family

Ipomoea solanifolia L. Sp. Pl. 161. 1753.

Ipomoea flores Jacq. Enum. 13. 1760.

OConvolwulus filiformis Desv. in Lam. Encycl. 4 pees 1789.

-Exrogonium filiforme Choisy, Conv. Rar. ae

Quamoclit solanifolia Choisy in DC. Prodr. ee 1845.

Heogonium solanifolium (L.) Britton, Mem. Mpecetinn Bot. Gard. 1: 82. 1918.

Exogonium is a genus of twining or trailing vines, composed of
about twenty-five species, natives of tropical and subtropical
America. Of these, EHxogoniwm microdactylon, distributed in
Cuba, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, was illustrated on plate
seventeen of Addisonia, in 1916, and Exogonium arenarium, of the
northeastern West Indies on plate four hundred and two, published
in 1927.

The plant now illustrated is occasional in thickets near the
coasts of Porto Rico, ranging eastward through the Virgin Islands,
and in the Lesser Antilles from St. Martin southward to St. Vin-
cent and Barbados. The synonymy cited above shows that it has
been variously classified by different authors, caused by the floral
structure not being typical of any of the genera to which it has
been referred. Mrs. Horne’s painting was made from a plant near
Ceiba, eastern Porto Rico, March 6, 1927.

Exogonium solanifolium (the leaves resembling those of some
species of Solanum) is a slender, perennial, glabrous vine, about
ten feet long or shorter. The thin leaves vary from ovate to
lanceolate, and from about an inch to two inches long; they are
acute or obtuse at the apex, cordate or rounded at the base, with
petioles from three to ten millimeters long. The flowers, few to-
gether in slender-stalked, axillary clusters, are attractive, the
clusters often numerous; the very slender pedicels are from five-
twelfths to one and one-fourth of an inch long. The ovate, pointed
sepals are about one-fourth of an inch long. The crimson, purple, or
searlet corolla is about an inch long, its lobes much shorter than
the tube. The stamens and style are slightly exserted. The cap-
sule is nearly globular, about one-sixth of an inch in diameter, the

seeds smooth.
N. L. Britton.

HXPLANATION OF PLATE. A flowering branch.

PEALE S50 ADDISONIA

STEGNOSPERMA HALIMIFOLIA

ADDISONIA uf

(Plate 550)
STEGNOSPERMA HALIMIFOLIA

Stegnosperma
Native of the northern West Indies, Mexico, and Central America

Family PHYTOLACCACEAE POKE-WEED Family

Stegnosperma halimifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 17, pl. 12. 1844.
Stegnosperma cubense A. Rich., in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 10: 309. pl. 44. 1845.

Stegnosperma (Greek, covered seed), is a monotypic genus, com-
prising only the species here illustrated, first described from speci-
mens collected at Cape San Lucas, Lower California, in 1839,
during the important scientific voyage of the British ship Sulphur,
surveying the coasts of western North America; specimens collected
in western Cuba were described one year later as a distinct species,
but comparisons of many specimens have shown that the Mexican
and West Indian plants are not separable. The plant is a woody
vine, or vine-like shrub, inhabiting dry parts of Jamaica, Cuba,
Santo Domingo, and Porto Rico, and ranging on the continent from
Sonora and Lower California to El Salvador. Its occurrence in
Porto Rico was first made known from plants found by Professor
Charles E. Horne, in January, 1931, growing on a steep, wooded
slope near Aibonito, and these were used by Mrs. Horne for her
painting, made on January 6.

Stegnosperma halimifolia (the leaves resemble those of some
species of Halimium, an Old World genus of the Rock-rose Family),
may attain a length of about twenty-five feet, arching, or climbing
on low trees, with long, slender, glabrous branches. The alternate,
entire, pale green, smooth leaves are elliptic and rather faintly
veined, from about an inch to two inches long, the apex acute or
obtuse, the base narrowed, the petioles short. The flowers are
borne in terminal racemes from two to six inches long, on pedicels
five-twelfths to five-sixths of an inch long. The five oblong sepals
are about one-sixth of an inch long. The five white petals are a little
longer than the sepals. There are ten stamens, with filiform fila-
ments united into a ring at the base, and small, oblong anthers.
The one-celled ovary contains from three to five ovules, and there
are from three to five styles. The fruit is a fleshy, reddish, ovoid,
smooth, three-grooved to five-grooved capsule about one-third of an
inch long, which splits when ripe into as many segments as there are
erooves. The seeds are black, shining, ellipsoid, about one-sixth of
an inch long, enclosed by a white or purple fleshy aril (whence the
generic name).

N. L. Britton.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A flowering branch. Fig. 2.—A flower. Fig.
3.—A petal. Fig. 4.—A fruiting raceme. Fig. 5.—Section of a young fruit. Tig.
Sere CE DENG after splitting open, showing the purple aril of the seed. Fig. 7.—A
seed.

PLATE 551 ADDISONIA

PORTULACA POLIOSPERMA

ADDISONIA 13
(Plate 551)
PORTULACA POLIOSPERMA
Sand Portulaca
Native of Porto Rico, Cuba, St. Martin, and Curagao
Family PorTULACACEAE PURSLANE Family

Portulaca poliosperma Urban, Symb, Ant. 4: 232. 1905.

Portulaca, familiar by the weed Purslane (Portulaca oleracea),
and by the garden Portulaca grandiflora, includes over thirty
species of low, fleshy, annual or perennial herbs, most of them
natives of America. The name is Latin, alluding to the purgative
properties of some kinds, and was taken up by Linnaeus from the
writings of his predecessors; Portulaca oleracea is the type species.
They have small, entire, alternate or opposite leaves, and regular
perfect flowers, borne several together, or solitary at the ends of
the branches. The two sepals are united at the base and partly
adnate to the ovary. The four to eight petals usually wither or
fall away soon after the flowers expand. There are several or
many stamens with slender filaments. The pistil has a one-celled
ovary, containing many ovules, and a style deeply cleft or parted
into several segments. The fruit is a many-seeded capsule, cir-
cumscissile at or near the middle, the top falling off as a lid. The
small seeds differ in color, size, and markings in the different
species.

Mrs. Horne’s painting was made from a plant found in a large
white-sand area at Sabana Abajo, Porto Rico, September 5, 1929.

Portulaca poliosperma (gray seeds) is a characteristic plant of
interesting areas of white silica sand on the northern coastal plain
of Porto Rico, which have been referred to in our description of the
Porto Rico Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista mirabilis) in ADDISONIA
10: 29, plate 335. It grows also in Cuba, on St. Martin, and Curacao,

The sand Portulaca is a fleshy annual herb, about seven inches
high or lower, with ascending branches, and a few short hairs in
the axils of the leaves. The alternate, linear or linear-oblong leaves
are flattened, pointed or blunt, from about one-fourth to about two-
thirds of an inch long, about one-twelfth of an inch wide or nar-
rower, commonly clustered below the flowers. The flowers are
usually several together, but with only one of each cluster expanded
at the same time. The sepals are about one-twelfth to one-tenth of
an inch lone. The five to seven, oblong, rose-colored or purple,

14 my’ ADDISONIA

blunt or notched petals are from one-third to one-half of an inch
long. There are numerous short stamens, with yellow anthers.
The capsule is ellipsoid, about one-sixth of an inch long, and is
circumscissile at about the middle. The gray tubercled, shining
seeds are less than one twenty-fifth of an inch long.

N. L. Brirron

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A plant in flower. Fig. 2.—An opened cap-
sule, Fig. 3.—A seed, enlarged.

PEATE 552 ADDISONIA

OSMIA GERANIIFOLIA

ADDISONIA 15

(Plate 552)
OSMIA GERANIIFOLIA

Geranium-leaved Osmia

Native of Porto Rico

Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family

Eupatorium geraniifolium Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 458. 1899.
LE Ie Het edited ae Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin
slands

Osmia (Greek, odorous, the flowers of many species are fra-
grant) includes, perhaps, as many as one hundred species of shrubs,
smali trees, and perennial herbs, all natives of America, most of
them tropical or subtropical in distribution. One of them, Osmia
borinquensis Britton, also endemic in Porto Rico, was illustrated in
Appisonia in March, 1926 (plate 357), where an account of the
genus is given. Osmia geranitfolia is restricted in distribution to
the mountains of central Porto Rico, growing on banks and hill-
sides, mostly in thickets or woodlands, often forming colonies; an
interesting endemic species, with attractive blue flowers.

Mrs. Horne’s painting, reproduced herewith, is from a plant
growing on a hillside between Aibonito and Coamo, Porto Rico, at
an altitude of about 1800 feet, December 6, 1929.

The Geranium-leaved Osmia is a densely hairy shrub, about
four feet high or lower. The opposite, stalked leaves are ovate in
outline, from less than an inch to about two and one-half inches
long, more or less deeply cleft or lobed into three segments, these
again lobed or coarsely toothed, the lobes or teeth blunt; the lower
leaves sometimes have small stalkless leaves in their axils. The
flower-heads form dense corymbs two or three inches thick at the
ends of the stem and branches. The cylindric involucre is about
one fourth of an inch long, its hairy, obtuse bracts imbricated in
four or five series. The blue flowers have a slender corolla and long-
exserted styles. The achenes are minutely hairy.

N. L. Brirron

EXPLANATION OF PRATE. Fig. 1.—A flowering branch. Fig. 2.—A head of
flowers. Fig. 3.—A flower. .

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_ SPARGANIUM ANDROCLADUM = PLATE 529, ANEMONE HUPEHENSIS
_ ROSA RUGOSA ‘PLATE 530, AMPELOPSIS HETEROPHYLLA
‘MALUS PLATYCARPA HOOPESII] PLATE 531, TAGETES LUCIDA — .

_ ZIZIA BEBBII PLATE 532, CEPHALOCEREUS DEERINGII
‘BILTIA VASEYI ogee ay PLATE 533, SABBATIA CAMPANULATA —
-COBAEA SCANDENS | PLATE 534, IBERIS AMARA — as
, ATROPA BELLADONNA ~ - PLATE 535, HELIANTHUS CUCUMERIFOLIUS
|, MIMULUS RINGENS _ _ PLATE 536, LANTANA SELLOWIANA _

| PLATE 537, BILLBERGIA IRIDIFOLIA A eal)
PLATE 538, HYMENOCALLIS CAYMANENSIS SE
EE aan PLATE 539, DENDROBIUM FIMBRIATUM OCULATUM BY Pah
496 ss PLATE 540, PELARGONIUM ZONALE CLON HAPPY THOUGHT

PLATE 541, ACACIA PODALYRIAEFOLIA 1 Sea ;
_ PLATE 542, PYROSTEGIA VENUSTA Gait siete gt

_ PLATE 543, PAPHIOPEDILUM INSIGNE SANDERAE Ne ath
PLATE 544, RONDELETIA ODORATA us Se

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; F : ;
aa co NTENTS
Er Pa Be eibase MARTINICENSIS|

BRUNFELSIA AMERICANA ~
Ei cabhoey GHINIA | SPINOSA Mo i
PLATE 548. PHTHIRUSA CARIBAEA ae
PLATE 549. -EXOGONIUM SOLANiPoLIUM
PLATE | 550. 'STEGNOSPERMA HALIMIFOLIA
4 thle 92 POLIOSPERMA |

OSMIA GERANIIFOLIA

ISONIA

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

AND ]

POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS

OF

PLANTS

Volume 17 NUMBER 2
JUNE, 1932

Ree ce PUBLISHED BY

“(appison BROWN FUND)
JULY 27, 1932

ANNOUNCEMENT

A bequest. es to the New York Botanical Garden by its late
hg carts Judge Addison Brown, established the ;

“ADDISON BROWN FUN B

“the i income pet accumulations from which shall be applied to tie’

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Ee § notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known -
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ADDISONIA i is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June, Saat

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sta

PLATE 553 ADDISONIA

TRADESCANTIA LONGIFOLIA

ADDISONIA ily:

(Plate 553)

TRADESCANTIA LONGIFOLIA tectiird x
Sandhill Spiderwort BOTANICAL
GAKUEN

Native of the Lake Region of Florida

Family COMMELINACEAE SPIDERWORT Family

Tradescantia longifolia Small, Bull, Torrey Club 24: 233. 1897.

To one used to seeing the type species of this genus—
Tradescantia virginica—the sandhill spiderwort presents especially
strong contrasts—in habitat, habit, and fragrance. It is a member
of a desert flora. In a dry season its particular habitat is a desert
and in a wet season a rare herbaceous flower garden. Associated
with and protected by evergreen scrub-oaks, hollies, blueberries,
heaths, and dwarf plums, this succulent can easily maintain itself
in a land of almost continuous breezes, which draw generously on
the moisture supply in the loose sand. Within itself, this plant has
developed much strength for self-preservation. The loose sand,
often resembling granulated sugar, is shifted by the winds, so that
sometimes the plants will be half buried, at other times the sand will
have been blown away so that most of the root-system is exposed.
However, by neither of these unusual conditions is the plant’s life
endangered, for, being a succulent, should the sand remain banked
about the plant, a new layer of roots will promptly be formed, and
then a new continued aérial growth. Should the root-system re-
main exposed, the old roots elongate and additional roots are formed
sufficient to maintain the aérial parts. The root-system is not suc-
culent like that of many desert plants, but comprises a great num-
ber of firm, brown, slender roots, often greatly elongate, both the
number and the length serving to anchor the plant firmly in its pre-
earious home. Its frequent herbaceous associates are rare milk-
weeds (Asclepias), milkworts or candy-weeds (Polygala), wire-
weeds (Polygonella), green-eyes (Berlandiera), well-known generic
types; present also are rare generic types endemic to the scrub on
the inland sand-dunes of Florida. These unique mountain-like
sand hills of the backbone of peninsular Florida are relatively
sparsely populated, except for the development of citrus groves.
However, settlements have become established here and there, and
plants of this spiderwort may often be found in the gardens of
newly built homes, but whether their presence there is the result

18 a; ADDISONIA

of introduction or the remains of the original floristies of the spot
is not certain. However, experience has taught us that the plant in
question is not hard to transplant from one place to another.

The sandhill spiderwort is a perennial succulent herb. The
stems are solitary or usually tufted on a short caudex, six to eight-
een inches tall, pubescent, especially above, often branched. The
leaves are alternate, elongate, linear-attenuate and more or less in-
volute, the basal and lower cauline often equalling or exceeding the
stem, pubescent, with reddish veins in the sheaths. The bracts of
the involuere are elongate, slightly saccate at the base, colored like
the leaves and similarly pubescent, but more copiously so. The
flowers are numerous in the involucres, often densely crowded, rose-
scented. The pedicels are slender-clavate, densely pubescent with
short, spreading, gland-tipped hairs. The sepals are elliptic, pubes-
cent like the pedicels and sometimes with a tuft of hairs at the apex,
magenta-margined. The petals are blue, one-half to two-thirds of
an inch long, orbicular-ovate, erose-crenulate. The anthers are
lemon-yellow. The ovary is hirsutulous. The style is glabrous.
The capsule is about one-fourth inch long, ovoid to ellipsoid,
glandular-pubescent. The seeds are about one-eighth inch long,
gray, sculptured.

JoHn K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig, 2.—The calyx and
gynoecium X 2. Fig. 3,—A petal. Fig. 4.—A stamen xX 3.

PLATE 554 ADDISONIA

AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA

ADDISONIA 19

(Plate 554)
AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA

Hairy agrimony
Native of North America

Family RosacEAE RosE Family

Agrimonia Eupatoria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 335. 1814. Not A. Hupatoria L.

Agrimonia Eupatoria hirsuta Muhl. (Cat. 47; hyponym. 1813); W. Barton, FI.
Phila. Prodr. 58. 1815.

Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 49. 1842.

Agrimonia hirsuta Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 509. 1896. Not A. hirsuta Bong.

The genus Agrimonia is a group of weedy, coarse, inconspicu-
ously flowered plants, the species of which more or less resemble one
another. They differ in size, the position of the bristles on the fruit,
and in the number of primary leaflets, which vary from three in some
species to twenty-three in others.

Fence-rows, open woodlands, or the borders of woods are the
usual habitats of these plants, where their slender spikes with small
yellow flowers above and green fruits below (for fruit and flowers
follow one another so closely as to be on the same spike at once), are
a familiar sight to all who know the countryside, though there is
little about them to attract attention, unless it be to avoid the dried
stems, as the fruits adhere by their bristles to clothing or hair, and
one thus carries off mementos of the plant which probably was not
even noticed.

Medieval herbalists wrote glowingly of the ‘‘many vertues of
Egrimonie or Agrimonie,’’ which according to Gerarde, was good
for troubles of the liver and kidneys, and especially good for these
troubles in old people, for which purpose it was boiled in wine or
tea. According to Dioscorides it was a remedy for bad livers, and
for snake-bites; also when ‘‘stamped with old swines grease, and
applied, it closeth up ulcers that be hardly healed.’’

Only a generation ago, this American species was confused with
the European A. Ewpatoria, which was the plant referred to by the
herbalists. It is now known that A. Hupatoria is not indigenous to
North America. The resemblance of the two species, however, led
to wide-spread use of tea made from its leaves as a tonic and cure-
all, or often only to eke out the ordinary supply of orthodox tea by
the country people of that time.

The species here illustrated is native to North America from
Nova Scotia to North Dakota, and south to North Carolina and

6

20 ADDISONIA

Nebraska. Specimens which appear to be this species have been
found also in California, New Mexico, and Mexico.

The hairy Agrimony is a perennial herb with a short, thick
rootstock and many coarse, fibrous roots. The stem is one to five
feet tall, usually branched above, hirsute with spreading hairs, and
glandular-granuliferous, especially above. The leaves are alternate,
dark-green, four to twelve inches long. The petiole and rachis are
hirsute; the stipules large, sometimes three quarters of an inch
broad, semi-cordate, coarsely toothed. The principal leaflets are
five to nine in number, ovate or obovate, those of the upper leaves
oblanceolate or lance-elliptic, coarsely serrate, rounded to acute at
the base, the apex acute; thin, glabrate or sparsely strigose above,
sparingly hirsute on the veins beneath and glandular-granuliferous,
one and a half to four inches long; the interposed leaflets are often
as many as three pairs in the distal intervals, but less than an inch
long. The racemes are eight to sixteen inches long, the pedicels
ascending, about one-fourth of an inch long, each pedicel subtended
by a small three-cleft, ciliate bract. The sepals are about one tenth
of an inch long, prominently three-nerved, ovate, acuminate, the
tips ineurved in fruit and forming a nipple-shaped beak. The
corolla is bright yellow, about one fourth of an inch across, the
petals obovate. There are five to fifteen yellow stamens, the fila-
ments slender. The hypanthium is somewhat hemispheric, longi-
tudinally ten-grooved, with a ring of sharply hooked bristles above.
This becomes about one fourth of an inch long at maturity and
about as broad, abruptly contracted and often slightly strigose at
the base, strongly grooved with rounded ridges and expanded at
the margin. The bristles are in several series, the inner erect and
longer than the calyx, the outer short and reflexed.

Epwarp J. ALEXANDER.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering tip of the stem. Fig. 2.—A mature

leaf. Fig. 3—Gynoecium and calyx X 4. Fig. 4.—A petal X 4. Fig. 5.—A stamen
x 4. Fig. 6.—The fruit.

7
\ A
a
”
."
a
4 i
}

ie!

PLATE 555 ADDISONIA

SPHAERALCEA UMBELLATA

ADDISONIA 21

(Plate 555)
SPHAERALCEA UMBELLATA

Umbellate Globe-mallow
Native of Central Mexico

Family MAnvacEAr Mauiow Family

Malva umbellata Cay. Icones 1: 64. 1791.
Sphaeralcea wmbellata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 465. 1831,

Most of us are familiar with the various members of the Mallow
family, as some of them are among the most cherished of old-
fashioned garden flowers, and many, of more recent introduction,
are none the less popular. Of the conservatory members, except for
the exceedingly common Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis, without which,
there is scarcely a greenhouse, but little is commonly known, and as
the majority of them are shrubs or trees, which can be well flowered
only in spacious houses, there is little chance of their becoming
popular or commonly seen.

Our present subject, known in cultivation since the eighteenth
century, is one of the shrubs, but since it may be brought to flower-
ing in a small size, really deserves to be better known. True, its
foliage is coarse, as most of the family is, but its leaves, resembling
a woolly maple-leaf are rather attractive, and in mid-winter its
long-peduncled heads of dark-red flowers are a welcome addition to
the greenhouse collection as something different.

Native of central and south-central Mexico, it may be grown in a
warm-house, as it resents too much moisture and is liable to damp
off in a tropical greenhouse.

Sphaeralcea is a compound of the Greek word for globe and the
name of one of the mallows, in allusion to the commonly spherical,
mal!low-like fruit.

The umbellate globe-mallow is a much-branched shrub or small
tree, three to eighteen feet tall in a wild state. The stem is gray-
ish green below, light green above, flocculose-tomentose and with
stellate pubescence. The leaves are two and a half to nine inches
long, somewhat stellate-pubescent, long-petioled, the blades cordate,
somewhat shallowly seven-lobed, the lobes acute or acutish, sinuate-
dentate, peltate, glabrate and green above, hoary and ribbed be-
neath. The peduncles are axillary, the flowers borne in a two- to
five-flowered umbel. The flower is subtended by an involucel of
three spatulate bracteoles, free to the base. The calyx is about
three quarters of an inch long, broadly campanulate, somewhat
leathery, stellate-pubescent, five-lobed, the lobes semi-ovate. The

22 ADDISONIA

corolla is about two and one half inches long, dark red or scarlet,
becoming white at the base, the petals obcordate. The androecium
is a columnar staminal tube, the filaments partly free at the sum-
mit. The gynoecium is composed of numerous carpels, each bear-
ing a pink style and stigma, which become recurved and receptive
after anthesis. The fruit is subglobose, composed of many com-
pressed, two-valved, dehiscent, two or three seeded carpels about one
half inch long and stellate-pubescent.

EDWARD J. ALEXANDER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flower-spray. Fig. 2.—A leaf. Fig. 3.—
Androecium X 114, showing the stigmas (pink) SEEEranie from the staminal tube.

PLATE 556 ADDISONIA

Man 4 EE Oty =

AMSONIA LUDOVICIANA

ADDISONIA 20

(Plate 556)
AMSONIA LUDOVICIANA

Creole Phlox
Native of the Lower Mississippi Delta and contiguous territory

Family APOCYNACEAE DoaBaNE Family

Amsonia ludoviciana Vail; Small, Fl. SE. U. 8. 935. 1903.

It not infrequently happens that a plant specimen will lie un-
studied in a large herbarium for a century. The original speci-
mens of the plant here considered were sent to Dr. John Torrey
from Louisiana and reposed in the Columbia University herbarium
for three quarters of a century. About the end of the last century
they were unearthed, so to speak, from among an accumulation of
specimens, studied, and formally published as indicated above in
1908.

The collections representing the species made in the earlier part
of the nineteenth century were two-fold, and were accompanied by
some field information furnished by the collectors. With the speci-
mens collected by Dr. Josiah Hale is the scant record that it grew
in ‘‘Shady woods’? April. The specimen collected by Dr. J. R.
Ingalls has fuller information preserved with it. It is there
recorded that: ‘‘This plant I am unable to make out. I found it
several years ago in the lower part of Mpi [Mississippi] State. 2 or
3 hundred specimens were growing in a clump. They were immature
and I selected the 2 or 3 most advanced, intending to revisit the
spot, but could not again find it. I have never seen it elsewhere
but from the locality should think it indigenous.’’

It was not until April, 1926, that the second chapter of the field
history in this plant’s career was begun. In a forced detour from
the town Bay St. Louis to New Orleans, via Poplarville, Bogalusa
and Picayune, Mississippi, in the course of the early stages of our
iris studies in Louisiana, the undersigned met with the plant about
the head of Bay St. Louis. It grew in open grassy places and in
rather conspicuous abundance. Might not this have been the same
station where Dr. Ingalls discovered it early in the past century?

Although it possesses the technical characters of the genus

1A correction: In ‘fA monograph of this genus Amsonia’’ by Robert E.
Woodson, Jr., in Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15: 410. 1928, Shady woods has been

erroneously interpreted and recorded as ‘‘Shackynody.’’ Of course, there is
no such locality in Louisiana.

24 ADDISONTA

Amsonia, in habit it is quite distinctive. At maturity, in habit and
foliage, it strongly suggests a horse-mint or Monarda.

The plants are easy to grow in cultivation and are hardy in the
open as far north as New York. The plants collected in 1926 are
still thriving in the nursery of The New York Botanical Garden.

The genus Amsonia comprises three subgenera. One of these,
the one with which we are now concerned, occupies about half the
United States east of the 100th meridian. Four species are here
involved. Considered by geographic areas, the largest area includes
the three smaller areas, the second area includes two smaller areas,
while the third and fourth areas are remote from one another.
Both of these specific areas are in the Gulf Coastal Plain approxi-
mate to the Gulf of Mexico, and curiously enough, each situated at
or about the head of a peninsula, peninsular Florida on the east and
peninsular Louisiana on the west.

The Creole Phlox is a perennial herb with solitary or clustered
stems on the branching rootstock. The stems, up to about three
feet tall, are simple or sparingly branched above, glabrous or spar-
ingly pubescent, terete, glaucescent. The leaves are alternate,
spreading or recurved-spreading, relatively few, the lower ones
mere elliptic or lanceolate scales, ascending or appressed to the stem,
the upper with blades varying from elliptic-laneeolate to broadly
elliptic or oval-elliptic, two and a half to four inches long, acute
or acuminate at both ends, deep-green and glabrous or with scat-
tered hairs above, ciliate, pale and more or less white-tomentose
beneath, short-petioled. The flowers are in terminal panicles, very
fragrant. The calyx is green, glabrous. The tube is campanulate
to hemispheric. The lobes are unequal, deltoid to lanceolate, very
short, acute. The corolla, mainly blue, often pale-blue, is salver-
form. The tube is about a quarter inch long, slightly dilated into
a throat above the middle, the lower part lobed, the throat greenish
without, pubescent with retrorse hairs within and the mouth closed
by white hairs. The limb is about a half inch wide, stellate, with
the lobes lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, about as long as the tube,
acute, each with a whitish pubescent spot at the base, which, to-
gether form a whitish ‘‘eye,’’ and a smaller spot just above. The
five stamens are included, with the filament adnate to the corolla-
tube except near the inflexed tip. The anthers are ovate-sagittate,
brown. The pistil is included. The ovary is deeply 2-lobed,
didymous. The style is green, columnar-filiform, but slightly en-
larged under the reflexed collar. The stigma is discoid, green.
The follicles are paired, subulate, three and a half to four and a
half inches long, green, finely pubescent, at least near the tip. The
seeds are cylindric, brown, crusty-rugose.

JOHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—The flowering top of a stem. Fig. 2.—Longi-
tudinal section of the corolla * 2, showing the retrorse hairs in the tube and the posi-
tion of the stamens. Fig. 3.—Pistil x 4. Fig. 4.—Stamen x8. Fig. 5.—The
fruit. Fig. 6.—A seed.

PEALE soe ADDISONIA

HELIANTHUS STRUMOSUS

ADDISONIA 25

(Plate 557)
HELIANTHUS STRUMOSUS

Pale-leaved wood sunflower
Native of the eastern United States

Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family

Helianthus strumosus lL. Sp. Pl. 905. 1753.

Sunflowers of the genus Helianthus are characteristically Amer-
ican plants, mostly North American, with but a few species in
South America. The annual members are very popularly culti-
vated garden subjects, while several of the perennial group are
used in the background of the hardy border or for massing among
shrubbery, as they are rather tall and coarse-growing plants.
There are two colors of disk flowers, yellow or brown, which
form group distinctions in the wild species, but in cultivation the
normally brown-disked ones are sometimes bred with yellow, pink,
or purple disk-flowers; the ray-flowers of some, while normally of
some shade of yellow or orange, are bred with zones of dark red
markings or entirely dark red; there are also double-flowered
forms. These color changes, however, are mostly concerned with
the annual species, the perennial ones not being so easily changed.

Of the perennial group, most of which are called wood-sun-
flowers, the subject of the present sketch is rather wide-spread
throughout the eastern United States. It is the only member of
its group with leaf-blades that are both pale and nearly smooth
beneath, which easily identifies it whenever found.

The large yellow heads are conspicuous in the rather shady
moist woods which are its chosen place of abode from the New
England States and Ontario to Minnesota and thence far south-
ward.

The pale-leaved wood sunflower is a perennial herb with a
stoloniferous rootstock. The stem is three to six feet tall, usually
simple, very smooth and often glaucous below, somewhat rough-
ened above. The leaves are opposite on the stem, two to ten inches
long, the blades ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually to a pointed
apex, and abruptly contracted below into short margined petioles,
dark-green and scabrous above, whitish and smooth or minutely
downy beneath, the margins rather shallowly and distantly serrate.
The inflorescence is cymose, the branches usually opposite. The

involuere is from one-half to three-quarters of an inch thick. The
involueral bracts are lanceolate, from three-eighths of an inch to

26 j ADDISONIA

an inch long, the tips widely spreading, the body mostly glabrous;
the margin densely ciliate and often the body is sparsely pubescent.
The disk florets are yellow, the corolla with a short tube, pubescent
at the base of the throat, and in lines down the sinus ridges, the
lobes lanceolate, pubescent without. The stamens are dark brown
or greenish black. The pistil is deep orange-yellow. The bractlet
(chaff) subtending each floret is densely pubescent, three-pronged
at the apex, the middle lobe broadly deltoid. The ray-florets are
sterile, yellow, often pale, the nine to fifteen ligules an inch to an
inch and a half long. The achenes are four-sided and laterally
compressed, ovate-turgid, finely striate, brown. The pappus is
early deciduous, of two thin chaffy scales on the principal angles,
and sometimes two or more small ones between.

Epwarp J. ALEXANDER.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A flower-head and a mature leaf. Fig.

2.—
The tip of the rhizome. Fig. 3.—A disk floret and its subtending bractlet Conait)
x 3. Fig. 4.—An achene xX 3.

PLATE 558 ADDISONIA

ASCLEPIAS LANCEOLATA

ADDISONIA af

(Plate 558)
ASCLEPIAS LANCEOLATA

Everglade milkweed
Native of the southeastern Umited States

Family ASCLEPIADACEAE MILKWEED Family

Asclepias lanceolata Walt. Fl. Car. 105. 1788.
Asclepias paupercula Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 118. 1803.

The milkweeds—Asclepias of botanical parlance, so named by
Linnaeus in his ‘‘Species Plantarum’’ in 1753—are quite uniform in
the structure of the flowers, but very diverse in showy coloring,
while in some kinds white dominates the flower. The Everglade
milkweed grows with the saw-grass (Mariscus jamaicensis) which
is the plant, par excellence, of the Everglades, with copious root-
stocks forming a dense turf and myriad stems and leaves often
almost impenetrable on account of the saw-toothed leaf-edges. A
glance over the ‘‘glades’’ at almost any time of the year will dis-
close a bright red spot here and another there. These points of
color are the flower clusters of the milkweed in question. Its asso-
ciates, such as the marsh-pink (Sabbatia), grass-pink (Limodo-
rum), lobelia (Lobelia), and water-willows (Justicia) of attractive
colors other than red, all of which grow in colonies. These plants
have unappendaged seeds, most of which fall near where they
mature, and a sufficient quantity sprout to maintain a colony of
plants. On the other hand, the milkweed seeds are feathery-
appendaged. When the pod opens they are wafted away from the
parent and in addition, many or most of them are caught on the
rough leaves of the saw-grass where they may be held until their
vitality is spent or until they are eaten by birds. The continuous
activity of this milkweed from season to season indicates that there
is a continuous succession of insects, bees, ete., present to carry the
pollinia from the anther to the stigma in order to effect fertiliza-
tion and consequent fructification.

The milkweeds show many shades of several colors. The flow-
ers of several species in the eastern United States are dominated
by red or orange. A half dozen are in this category. Their com-
bined distributional center lies southward. One species, Asclepias
tuberosa, ranges as far north as Ontario, while another, a close rela-
tive, A. decumbens, extends as far north as New York. A third
and related species, A. Rolfsii, is confined to the southeastern

28 ADDISONIA

Coastal Plain. A tropical species of a different group, A. cwras-
savica, extends into the Gulf Coastal Plain. Still another species,
A. rubra, closely related to the present subject, grows on the east-
ern Coastal Plain.

The range of the species under consideration, and that of
its relative, extends from the latitude of southern Pennsylvania
to the Gulf of Mexico. This red milkweed was discovered, after
the middle of the eighteenth century, perhaps in or near his
botanic garden by Thomas Walter, and named by him Asclepias
lanceolata. Fifteen years later André Michaux gave the plant the
second name cited at the head of this note, namely, A. paupercula.
The species seems to occur in two forms; one with lanceolate leaf-
blades, the other with greatly elongate linear blades. Should the
two prove to be specifically distinct the binomial just cited would
be the name under which the Everglade plant would appear.

The Everglade milkweed is a perennial herb. The stems are
elabrous or nearly glabrous throughout, slender, mostly simple,
naked above, mostly two to four feet high, from a ligneous root-
stock. The leaves are distant. The blades are lanceolate to linear,
four to thirteen inches long, elongated and acuminate at the apex,
narrowed at the base, rough on the margins, the primary veins
ascending. The umbels are terminal, solitary, or two to four near
the top of the stem, few-flowered. The peduncles are about as long
as the slender pubescent pedicels. The corolla-lobes are oblong, about
a third of an inch long, deep red or reddish-purple. The column
is thick, very short. The hoods are deep orange, obovate or oblong,
nearly as high as the anthers, the ventral margins auriculately
toothed near the base. The horn is slender, arising from the base
of the hood, exserted over the anthers. The anther-wings are
notched and spreading at the base. The follicles are erect on re-
curved pedicels, fusiform, three to four inches long, long-attenuate
to the apex, less tapering to the base, minutely pubescent. The
seeds are about a third of an inch long, glabrous, thin, the wing-
like margin very broad. The coma is about an inch long.

JOHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering and eS ges of the stem,
Fig. 2.—Leafy portion of the stem. Fig. 3.—Flower X 2. . 4.—Seed.

—:*

ADDISONIA

PLATE 559

HARRISIA FRAGRANS

ADDISONIA 29

(Plate 559)
HARRISIA FRAGRANS

Fragrant prickly-apple
Native of eastern coast of Florida

Family CACTACEAE Cactus Family

Harrisia fragrans Small; Britton & Rose, The Cactaceae 2: 149. pl. 19. 1920.

Of the three described species of Harrisia in Florida, two are
less susceptible to the damaging effects of cold than the third one—
Harrisia Simpsonii, which thrives in the extreme southern end of
the peninsula and on the Florida Keys. One of the two more
hardy species referred to, H. Aboriginum, inhabits the western
coast region, and is distinguished by brown wool on the flowers and
large yellow fruits, while the other, H. fragrans, inhabits the east-
ern coast and has white wool and smaller red fruits. They both
stick close to the tempering effects of the Gulf of Mexico and of the
Atlantic Ocean respectively and at the northern limit of their
ranges occupy artificial habitats—aboriginal relics or kitchen-mid-
dens. The fragrant prickly-apple was first observed by us in
Florida in the spring of 1917, a few miles north of Fort Pierce.

The prickly-apple here figured first aroused botanical suspicion
by its geographic range, which is much over a hundred miles north
of the range occupied by Harrisia Simpsonu. Frequent casual
observations also indicated a more robust plant. When flowers and
fruits were secured, its identity with any of our other prickly-
apples was negatived. Its more slender flower, with very long wool
and the dull red obovoid berries at once set it off by itself. In
addition to these structural characteristics, the flowers are very
fragrant. These are produced from the side of the ribbed stem,
appearing as long-silky nubbins which grow into clavate buds six
to seven inches long, and expand at ten o’clock in the evening,
shedding their fragrance about them. Naturally this prickly-
apple is found on the sites of aboriginal activities, particularly on
kitechen-middens. Like certain kinds of prickly-pears, it was prob-
ably used for food by the Indians, who apparently used a great
variety of plants, as well as of animals for food. The fruits are
edible, but they are rather insipid. In the northern extension of
its range it occurs only on habitats which contain stored-up heat,
for example on the coquina rock of Merritt’s Island and on the
kitchen-middens of the dunes south of Mosquito Inlet. The mid-

30 ADDISONIA

dens, consisting mainly of oyster and clam shells, store up a great
deal of warm air in the interstices during the long warm season
and by gradual radiation permit tender plants to pass the short
cool season with impunity.

This prickly-apple lends itself readily to cultivation. When
planted en masse its hundreds of flowers in season present a rare
sight all through the night. In fruit it is an attractive sight and
also a great attraction as food for birds, many of whom are raven-
ously fond of the seeds.

The fragrant prickly-apple grows to fifteen feet tall, with
coarse fibrous roots. It occurs singly or sometimes approximate,
but not in colonies. The stems are erect, reclining, or clambering,
very stout and succulent, prominently ten- to twelve-ridged, the
ridges more or less depressed between the areolae, the grooves
rather deep and sharp. The areolae are about three-quarters of an
inch apart, each with a dense tuft of very short hairs on the upper
side. The spines are acicular, nine to thirteen in each areola,
mostly grayish and yellowish at the tip, one of each areola longer
than the others, mostly three-quarters of an inch to an inch and a
half long. The young buds are copiously white-hairy. The buds
about to expand are about six inches long, or up to eight inches.
The flowers are nocturnal, very showy and very fragrant. The
hypanthium is light-green, longer than the flower-limb, slender-
funnel-form, scarcely ridged, the swollen base bearing subulate or
lanceolate-subulate separated scales, with long, white, very lax
hairs protruding from beneath them. The scales of the tubular
part of the hypanthium are few and remote, subulate, slenderly
acuminate, not turgid, with a tuft of long white hairs in each axil.
The sepals are very narrowly linear, slenderly acuminate, the outer
ones are green, the inner ones with white midribs or the innermost
nearly white. The corolla is white or pinkish, about three and a
half to four and a half inches wide, rotate-campanulate. The
petals are numerous, of a spatulate type, with the broadened upper
part unevenly toothed, acuminate, sometimes caudate-acuminate.
The stamens are very numerous, not exceeding the petals. The
filaments are filiform, white or nearly so. The anthers are yellow.
The style is greatly elongate. The stigmas are mostly nine to
twelve. The berry is obovoid, two to two and a half inches in
diameter, dull red, with tufts of long white hairs persistent with
the scale-bases. The seeds are black, about an eighth of an inch
long, somewhat swollen at the base, obscurely crested at the apex,
finely pitted.

JoHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE, Fig. 1.—Flower. Tig. 2.—Fruit. Fig. 3.—Seed X 4.

PLATE 560 ADDISONIA

CLYTOSTOMA CALLISTEGIOIDES

ADDISONIA 3l

(Plate 560)
CLYTOSTOMA CALLISTEGIOIDES

Purple Bignonia
Native of southeastern South America

Family BIGNONIACEAE TRUMPET-CREEPER Family

Bignonia callistegioides Cham. Linnaea 7: 712. 1832.

Bignonia speciosa Graham, Bot. Mag. pl. 3888, 1842.

Bignonia picta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: pl. 45. 1842. Not B. picta H.B.K.
Clytostoma callistegioides Bur. Adansonia 8: 353. 1868.

Many of our choicest and most beautiful greenhouse climbers are
members of the Bignonia family, which is mostly tropical, and
particularly noteworthy for the many large, brilliantly colored
flowers with which it has endowed gardens and conservatories.
Various shades of yellow, orange, and red are most plentiful, but
some few species have violet, blue or purple flowers, and it is to this
lot that the present subject belongs.

The purple bignonia, as it is commonly called, is a beautiful-
flowering, high-climbing, woody vine, raised in greenhouses in the
north, but in the extreme south, especially in the regions bordering
the Gulf of Mexico it has proven its worth as an outdoor oramental,
its stems climbing into trees, or over trellises and porches, where it
forms dense bowers of deep, shining green, covered in the spring
by its large rosy-violet flowers, which are quite a spectacle in New
Orleans and its environs.

In the north, our desire for looking upon its beauty must be
satisfied in conservatories, where it may be trained high up on the
rafters in a moderately warm house. Like most of the other mem-
bers of the family, it rather resents too much pruning, and so
should be allowed free growth, although the space required is too
much for other than large greenhouses. It is easily propagated by
cuttings, taken from the half-ripened wood in spring, and placed
in sand under a bell-glass or in a propagating box, and kept warm
and carefully watered until rooted. Stout, short-jointed lateral
growths are best suited for this purpose.

In its native home, which is in southeastern South America, in
southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the northeastern Argen-
tine, it grows in the borders of the forest or on river-banks, where
it makes long, high-climbing lianes among the forest trees.

The name Clytostoma is derived from the Greek klytos, splen-
did or beautiful and stoma, mouth, in allusion to the beautiful

939 ADDISONIA

flowers. The name callistegioides is from the Greek kallos, beau-
tiful, stege, a roof or covering, and eidos, similar or resembling.

The purple bignonia is an evergreen climbing shrub with gray-
ish bark on the older stems, the younger branches green. The
leaves are borne opposite, trifoliolate, the terminal leaflet represented
by an elongation of the rachis into a slender, simple tendril, by
means of which the plant climbs; this tendril is sometimes missing ;
the lower leaves are often unifoliolate. The blades of the leaflets
are dark green, lustrous, oblong-elliptic or obovate, glabrous,
abruptly short-acuminate, entire or undulate-margined, reticulate
below, two to four inches long. The flowers are borne on two-
flowered peduncles, these peduncles terminal. The pedicels are
about three-fourths of an inch long. The calyx is campanulate,
with five subulate teeth, somewhat coriaceous, deep green. The
corolla is funnel-form-campanulate, about three inches long, the
lobes rounded, imbricated in the bud. The tube is yellowish within,
streaked purplish, lavender-flushed without: the limb is lavender-
violet, streaked violet, two or three inches broad, the lobes spread-
ing, broadly ovate, rounded at the apex and wavy-margined. The
four stamens are arranged against the upper side of the tube in
two pairs, the anther-sacs spreading. The pistil is pale green, the
style slender. The stigma is two-lobed, the lobes plate-like, one
slightly the larger. A short, crenate disk surrounds the ovary,
which is conical, warty and two-celled, the ovules in two rows. The
fruit is a slightly compressed, but bluntly four-angled prickly
capsule, septicidal, with many flat, nearly orbicular winged seeds.

EpWarbD J. ALEXANDER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering tip of a branch. Fig. 2.—The
gynoecium. Fig. 3.—The fruit.

IBERIS AMARA

ANEMONE HUPEHENSIS —
AMPELOPSIS RETEROPHYLLN,
TAGETES LUCIDA

_ CEPHALOCEREUS DEERINGIi
_ SABBATIA CAMPANULATA

PLATE 545.
PLATE 546.

‘PLATE 547.

PLATE 548,
PLATE 549.
PLATE 550.

PLATE 551.

PLATE 552.

RECENT PLATES

PLATE 537, BILLBERGIA IRIDIFOLIA

PLATE 538, HYMENOCALLIS CAYMANENSIS Kuh
PLATE 539, DENDROBIUM FIMBRIATUM OCULATUM

PLATE 540, PELARGONIUM ZONALE CLON HAPPY THOUGHT
PLATE 541, ACACIA PODALYRIAEFOLIA

PLATE 542, PYROSTEGIA VENUSTA ends

HELIANTHUS CUCUMERIFOLIUS PLATE 543, PAPHIOPEDILUM INSIGNE SANDERAE —

PLATE 544, RONDELETIA ODORATA

SYMPLOCOS MARTINICENSIS.
BRUNFELSIA AMERICANA
GHINIA SPINOSA

_ PHTHIRUSA CARIBAEA

EXOGONIUM SOLANIFOLIUM
STEGNOSPERMA HALIMIFOLIA
PORTULACA POLIOSPERMA

OSMIA GERANIIFOLIA

“eLyTosTo MA i CAL !

i hrvgs

=

St

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PULAR

NUMBER 3 _~
EPTEMBER, 1932

PUBLISHED BY
W YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN |
‘ADD |

| OCTOBER 28, 1932

§
t hie
si iN / 4
t 4 ’
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; Hy
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i ah
} WENA :
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\

SON BROWN FUND) ts

DESCRIPTIONS _

STONE

A bequest kage to the New York Botanica! Gas by i its late ee Beal

President, J sea Addison Brown, established the
“ADDISON BROWN FUN De

“the i income and accumulations from which shall be supa d to the : ae ah

founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the main-—
tenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine —

bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored — .

plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial posses-_
sions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conserva-—
tories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any
dates notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known
properties and uses of the plants illustrated.’’

The preparation and publication of the work have been Bs SA on H
to Mr. Edward Johnston Alexander, Assistant Curator, and Mr. —
Kenneth Rowland Boynton, Head Gardener.

AppiIsoniA is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, te une,
September, and December. Hach part consists of eight colored
plates with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is
$10 annually, four parts ean fags a volume. The parts will not
be sold separately. .

Address:

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN.
BRONX PARK : :
NEW YORK CITY

Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA ag of
completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the —
parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 to 16 |

has been made up into complete volumes, and but few eb aki eta ie

parts can be supplied. “in

PLATE 561 ADDISONIA

CRATAEGUS ARNOLDIANA

VOT 28 1932

NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

ADDISONIA GARDEN 33

(Plate 561)
CRATAEGUS ARNOLDIANA

Arnold Thorn
Native of the New England States

Family Mauacrar APPLE Family

Crataegus Arnoidiana Sargent, Bot. Gaz. $1: 221. 1901.

The genus Crataegus is widely distributed in the temperate and
subtropical parts of both the Old and the New World. Several species
have been found in eastern Asia, and some of those best known in
cultivation are natives of the Mediterranean region and of central
and western Europe. In North America they are very abundant
from southeastern Canada to Florida and through the eastern and
middle states, with a few species in the Rocky Mountains and on
the Pacific coast, as well as in Mexico and the Andes. More than
a thousand species have been described from North America, many
of which are little known and are of interest only to botanists.

They are popularly known as Hawthorns, Thorns, Thorn
Apples, Haws, or Red Haws. A few American species are so
striking as to have distinctive common names, such as the Cock-
spur Thorn, Dotted, Scarlet, Green or Downy Haw, or the blue-
fruited Pomette Bleue and the May Haw of the southern states,
the fruit of the last being edible and sold in the markets in season.

Most of the Hawthorns are small trees, although some species
are shrubby. They usually grow, in the wild, along the borders of
woods or in copses, glades, or rocky pastures. A few kinds prefer
wet or alluvial ground along streams, and others are found in dry
sandy uplands. Many species are quite attractive on account of
their symmetrical shape, bright-green foliage, and abundant white
flowers in spring, and the brightly colored fruit and leaves in
autumn.

The Old World Hawthorns have long been celebrated in lore
and literature, especially in England, where the tree was associated
with the May festival, which probably ran back into pagan times.
Besides the names Hedge or Hedge Thorn, which indicate the prac-
tical uses to which it has been put, it has been more poetically
called May or Maybush, and many references to it are found in
Shakespeare, Milton, and other early as well as later writers.

Several varieties of the English Hawthorn and a number of
native species have long been planted in American gardens, where

34 ADDISONIA

they have grown in favor in recent years, but the beauty and value
of many of the latter in landscape work should be more widely
recognized.

The Arnold Thorn was first found growing wild on a bank in
the Arnold Arboretum, where the type tree, or a sprout from it, is
still living. It has since been found native in other parts of Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut, and it has been extensively planted in
parks and gardens about Boston, New York, and elsewhere. The
specific name was given in honor of Mr. James Arnold, whose be-
quest to horticulture was the financial nucleus for founding the
Arnold Arboretum. It is one of the handsomest of the early-bloom-
ing species. Early in May, when the flowers open in the latitude
of New York, the slender branches are thickly set with clusters of
fragrant white blossoms, attracting swarms of early bees and other
insects, whose busy humming adds to the air of drowsy opulence
that pervades the first warm sunny days of summer. Later in the
season the abundant clusters of pendulous bright-crimson fruit also
make it attractive, although the fruit soon falls.

When growing in an open situation the Arnold Thorn becomes
a small symmetrical tree with a short stout trunk and spreading
or ascending branches, forming when fully grown a broad, flat-
topped crown. The leaves are broad-ovate, with 4-6 p&irs of shal-
low lobes, sharply double serrate on the margins, with acute apex
and abruptly cuneate or rounded base. When they first unfold
they are softly downy on both surfaces, and at maturity they are
dark-green, scabrate above and villous, especially on the prominent
veins beneath, one and one-fourth to two inches wide and one and
one-half to two and one-half inches long, except on young shoots
where they are sometimes much larger. The flowers, produced in
great abundance, in rather compact compound corymbs, seven to
ten in a cluster, on villous pedicels, are three-fourths to one inch
in diameter, with broad-ovate white petals, concave upwards. The
stamens number about twenty, with pale-yellow or cream-colored
anthers, fading brown, and three to five, usually four, styles. The
mature fruit is subglobose or a little thicker than long, one-half
to three-fourths of an inch in diameter, bright-erimson or dull-
scarlet, with mellow or succulent, subacid, yellow flesh, and three
to four nutlets. The fruit is edible and of a pleasant flavor, but
like other species, it is often infested with weevils or the larvae of
the Cureulio (Conotrachelus Crataegi). It furnishes valuable bird
food, as after it falls much of it remains fresh for some time amid
the grass and leaves. Some trees of Crataegus Arnoldiana are
nearly thornless, as shown in the illustration, and others are mod-
erately armed with curved, stoutish, chestnut-colored thorns one
and one-half to two and one-half inches long.

ERNEST J. PALMER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering spray. Fig. 2.—¥ruiting spray.

PEATE S62 ADDISONIA

POLYCODIUM FLORIDANUM

ADDISONIA 35

(Plate 562)
POLYCODIUM FLORIDANUM

Florida-gooseberry
Native of Coastal Plain, Florida to South Carolina

Family VACCINIACEAE BLUEBERRY Family

Picrococcus floridanus Nutt. Trans. Am., Phil. Soc. a) 8: 261. 1837.
Polycodium floridanum Greene, Pittonia 3: 325. 1898

‘“Will you have some gooseberry jelly? We made it from wild
gooseberries collected in the woods last week.’’ This spoken to a
botanist in Florida would seem very strange were he new to the
English names applied to some of the native plants in the penin-
sular State. The newcomer is surprised to learn that the ‘‘goose-
berry’’ in question is not a species of Grossularia, but a blueberry
in the broad sense, or a species of Polycodium.

For many years only one species of Polycodium was generally
recognized as valid. Attempts to break the deadlock in one case
begun as early as 1818, but success was long delayed. Its value as
an economic plant was also slow in being recognized. In botanical
texts and floras the fruit was often designated ‘‘bitter,’’ ‘‘sour,’’
‘‘insipid,’’ ‘‘mawkish.’? Some writers claimed that the berries
never ripened. The berries are not very juicy, but they are palat-
able. However, like the service-berry (Amelanchier), they must be
eaten off the bush to be enjoyed.

This gooseberry is a friendly plant, so to speak, for it rarely
grows alone. Its stature is very variable and often seems to be
accommodated to that of its associates. When growing among
scrubby vegetation averaging knee-high or waist-high, it will be
found to be of about the same height, sending its irregular branches
out among those of its associates. In the case of taller woody
erowth it follows suit. Irregularities of various kinds aside from
its stature obtain in this plant. Its branching is very uneven, its
flowering season is irregular, for it often has several crops of
flowers in a year, its production of flowers and fruits is not uni-
form, for a flower or two and consequently a fruit or two may
form the inflorescence clusters in place of a great number of flow-
ers and fruits.

Like many of our native plants, as far as we know, this shrub
has not been introduced or developed as an ornamental. It has
good possibilities. If given a chance to develop without the inter-

36 ADDISONIA

ference of woody associates, the plants would doubtless be more
uniformly branched. Copiously flowered forms would be showy
subjects in the spring by the ‘‘hands’”’ of drooping white or pink
flowers and even more conspicuous the rest of the year by the
numerous drooping purple berries which hold tenaciously to the
parent. In fact, a naturalist claims that Polycodium is the pretti-
est of all our vacciniaceous plants, except perhaps the sparkleberry.

The Florida gooseberry is a shrub up to six feet tall. The stem
is usually slender, very irregularly branched, with the branches
again irregularly branched. The twigs are brown, finely pubes-
cent. The leaves are alternate, numerous, and usually quite uni-
form in size on a plant. The blades are ovate, oval, or elliptic,
mostly a half inch to an inch in length, obtuse or acute, nearly
smooth and often very sparingly pubescent above, more or less re-
ticulate, pale, either glaucous or thinly pubescent beneath, entire,
ciliate, often slightly revolute, rounded to subecordate at the base.
The very short petioles are finely pubescent. The flowers are in
leafy-bracted racemes or panicles, nodding, with the bracts some-
what smaller or sometimes only slightly larger than the leaves.
The pedicels are slender, curved, a quarter of an inch to three-
quarters of an inch long, usually finely pubescent. The hypan-
thium is glabrous, open-campanulate. The five sepals are deltoid
to ovate-deltoid, about as long as the hypanthium, acute or slightly
acuminate, sometimes ciliate at the tip. The corolla is white or
pink, broadly campanulate or rotate-campanulate, up to one-third
of an inch wide, with deltoid or rounded lobes shorter than the
tube. The ten stamens are erect, about a third of an inch long,
conspicuously exserted. The filaments are flattened, pubescent.
The anthers are longer than the filaments, each sae awned on the
back and prolonged into a slender apical tube, glabrous. The
ovary is inferior, 5-celled, flat-topped. The style is slender-subu-
late, terminating in a minute stigma. The fruit is a subglobose
berry, a half inch in diameter or slightly more, nodding, purplish,
tipped by the persistent calyx. The seeds are minutely reticulate.

JoHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A fragment of a branch showing a flowering
and a leafy spray. Fig. 2.—A flower with corolla and calyx partly cut away to
show the gynoecium. Fig. 3.—Stamens, front and side view. Fig. 4.—Spray in fruit.
Fig. 5.—A fully ripe fruit.

PLATE 563 ADDISONIA

LONICERA MORROWI XANTHOCARPA

ADDISONIA 37

(Plate 563)
LONICERA MORROWII XANTHOCARPA

Yellow-fruited form of Morrow’s Honeysuckle
Native of Japan

Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE HOoneEYSUCKLE Family

Lonicera Morrowii var. canthocarpa Nash, Journal N. Y. Bot. Garden 21: 120. 1920.

The genus Lonicera, named after Adam Lonitzer (or Lonicer),
a German physician and botanist of the 16th century, contains
many species of ornamental merit which are widely planted as well
for their showy and sweetly fragrant flowers as for their abun-
dantly produced, usually bright red fruits.

Of the shrubby species there is besides the Tatarian Honey-
suckle (LZ. tatarica) and the hybrid ZL. bella (L. tatarica x Mor-
rowu) none more frequently met with in parks and gardens than
L. Morroww. This was named in honor of Dr. James Morrow, who
collected it for the famous expedition of Commander M. C. Perry,
which in 1854 woke up sleeping Japan.

The type form of the species has red fruits. The yellow-fruited
form, pictured on the accompanying plate, was mentioned, appar-
ently for the first time, by Rehder in his Synopsis of the genus
Lonicera (1903). However Rehder did not give it a name. Nash,
in the Journal of The New York Botanical Garden (vol. XXI,
June, 1920), applied to it the name xanthocarpa (Greek: yellow-
fruited). The plant to which Nash refers was obtained by The
New York Botanical Garden from a nursery in 1896. The only
difference between the variety and the type apparently is the color
of the fruit. Like most honeysuckles, ZL. Morrow and its variety
delight in a fresh, rather rich, humus soil. Growing naturally on
the margin of woodlands, they will stand some shade and consider-
able drought, but they will attain their best only in a sunny, not
too dry position. The flowers are not particularly showy, but a
well-grown plant in full fruit, whether the berries be red or yellow,
is a highly ornamental subject, although birds remove the fruit so
rapidly that its period of showiness is short-lived.

This fondness of birds for the berries accounts for the rapid
spread of the species from gardens into adjoiming woodlands. It
has frequently been reported as naturalized, especially from the
eastern part of the United States.

38 ADDISONIA

L. Morrowii forms a medium-tall shrub, reaching rarely more
than six or seven feet, and is of gracefully spreading habit. Its
young branches as well as the undersides of its oblong leaves are
soft-pubescent. Its flowers are creamy white when opening, chang-
ing to yellow before they fade. Both of these characters, the color-
changing flower and the pubescence of the leaves and branches,
distinguish this species easily from the Tatarian Honeysuckle with
which it is frequently confused in gardens. Both characters are
found also on the hybrid between the two, DL. bella, which, however,
has the pink flowers of LD. tatarica.

H. TEUSCHER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Flower, longi-
tudinal section. Fig. 3.—Fruiting branch.

PLATE 564 ADDISONIA

ILEX MYRTIFOLIA

ADDISONIA 39

(Plate 564)
ILEX MYRTIFOLIA

Myrtle-leaved Holly
Native of the Southeastern United States

Family AQUIFOLIACEAE Houuy Family

Ilex myrtifolia Walt. Fl. Car. 241. 1788.
Ilex Dahoon myrtifolia Chapm. Fl. S. States 269. 1860.
Ilex Cassine myrtifolia Sarg. Garden & Forest 2: 616. 1889.

The resident of the more northern parts of the north-temperate
regions of eastern North America may be well acquainted with the
hollies, but he does not know them in all their glory as does the
resident of the Gulf States.

Holly plants are not showy in flower, but in fruit they are
frequently a gorgeous sight. The northern holly known for its red
fruits in fall and winter is the winterberry or black-alder (Ilex
verticulata and its variations). In the south there are more than
a half dozen bright-red-fruited hollies. They are wide-spread
geographically, but for the most part confined to the Coastal Plain
and adjacent provinees. In the lower parts of the Coastal Plain
may be found the favorite haunts of these showy shrubs and trees.

Some of the southern hollies have been of economic importance
for ages. A relative of this holly (Ilex myrtifolia) was a cere-
monial plant of the aborigines of the lower Atlantic seaboard. The
Indians of the interior are said to have made annual pilgrimages
to the seaboard to get a supply of leaves for their purification cere-
monies. This is botanically Ilex vomitoria. Its leaves contain less
than one percent of caffein. Today the leaves are prepared and
sold as a tea under the aboriginal name ‘‘Cassena.’’ Occasionally
the leaves of the plant here figured are used locally for making a tea.

Cypress-heads, sour-gum swamps, and hog-wallows are the
favorite haunts of this plant. It often grows in company with
the cassena or yaupon (I. vomitoria) and dahoon-holly (I. Cassine),
and together with these it is much sought for decorations at winter
festivals. The drain on the natural supply became so great near
large cities a few years ago, that laws were passed making it a
penal offense to gather branches for decorations.

Unlike our northern winterberry which is deciduous-leaved, the
southern hollies have evergreen leaves. These are deep-green or
dark-green and help much to set off the clusters of red, orange, or
yellow fruits from autumn to spring.

40 ADDISONIA

To one unacquainted with the swamps of the near coastal
regions of Florida, the beauty of the hollies massed among the
other trees is beyond the power of their imagination to compre-
hend. Growing in company with this myrtle-holly often are generic
evergreen associates, as Ilex opaca, I. vomitoria, and I. Cassine.
The fruits of these, red and occasionally yellow, are usually plenti-
ful enough to dominate the greenery of the hammock. They begin
to turn in the fall, and through the winter and the following spring
they furnish the outstanding color element in the hammocks. Red-
fruited haws and crab-apples are often associated with these hollies.

The specimens from which the accompanying figure was made
were found between Wewahitchka and the Dead Lakes on the
Chipola River in middle Florida.

The myrtle-leaved holly is a shrub or small tree with irregular,
spreading, rigid branches and branchlets which often spread at
right angles, with the branchlets usually gray, reddish, or brown,
the twigs puberulent or finely pubescent. The leaves are alternate,
numerous, sometimes even crowded, usually glabrous. The blades
are coriaceous, linear, varying from linear-elliptic to narrowly
linear-laneceolate, obtuse, acute, or gland-tipped, deep-green and
shining above, paler and dull beneath, very faintly veined, with the
midrib impressed above, very prominent beneath. The short stout
petioles are finely pubescent. The staminate flowers are in clusters
of usually three to six, terminating very slender peduncles, each
flower on a short clavate pedicel which is subtended by a minute
bract. The usually four calyx-lobes are deltoid, often broadly so,
acutish. The four petals are suborbicular to oval-obovate, about
thrice as long as the sepals, white, concave. The four stamens are
alternate with the petals and about equaling them in length. The
filaments are subulate. The anthers are ovoid or globose-ovoid,
about half as long as the glabrous filaments. The pistillate flowers
are usually solitary, with the sepals and petals often slightly larger
than in the staminate flowers, with smaller and abortive anthers.
The ovary is ovoid or globose-ovoid, sessile, glabrous. The stigma
is sessile on the top of the ovary, depressed, four-lobed. The drupe
is subglobose, one-quarter of an inch to one-third of an inch in
diameter, red or sometimes yellow, smooth and shining, short-pedi-
celled. The nutlets are sharply ridged on the back, the ridges
sometimes branching.

JoHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Branchlet with staminate flowers. Fig. 2.—
Staminate flower. Fig. 3.—Branchlet with a pistillate flower. Fig. 4.—Pistillate
flower. Fig. 5.—A branch in fruit.

PLATE 565 ADDISONIA

SOLANUM BLODGETTII

ADDISONIA 41

(Plate 565)
SOLANUM BLODGETTII

Christmas-berry
Native of southern Florida and the Bahamas

Family SOLANACEAE Potato Family

Solanum Blodgettii Chapm. Fl, So. States 349. 1860.

It is a curious fact that some species of plants with few and
weak morphological characters take full and complete standing in
their category at once. Others with well-marked characters are
questioned generally, and only slowly reach their deserved place
in the taxonomic seale. This Christmas-berry’ is one of the plants
which has had the latter experience. Strange to say, it has not
only strong structural characters, but its geography was also wholly
in its favor for specifie recognition.

This shrub was discovered on Key West, Florida, in the days
when that island’s botanical treasures were first being brought to
light. This island was the scene of various stages of activity: first
by the aborigines, then by the pirates, and finally it was perma-
nantly settled by the peaceful white-man in 1822. Within a decade
a botanist and apothecary, Dr. John Loomis Blodgett, settled on the
island and began to collect herbarium specimens. These were sent
to Dr. A. W. Chapman and Dr. John Torrey, and are now in the
herbarium at the Garden, preserved with their original labels.
Many of the specimens collected, probably the great majority of
them, represented herbs, shrubs, and trees not previously known
to occur in the United States. Some of them were well-known
West Indian plants. Since the West Indies and the Florida Keys
have been more thoroughly explored, a greater number of plants
have been found to be common to the two regions. Solanum
Blodgettti, many years after its discovery on Key West, was discov-
ered in the West Indies on Cat Cay of the Bahamas about the be-
ginning of this century.

Whatever was the geographic range of this plant in former
times, it is rather restricted now. It is, however, plentiful within
the limits of its range. It is a lime-loving plant and inhabits moist
or low grounds. Soft, water-soaked lime-rock and marl are its
favorite soils. Shallow depressions in the pinewoods of the Ever-

A 1 Almost all shrubs with red berries, in Florida, are popularly known as Christmas
erries.

42 ADDISONIA

glade Keys, in the Everglades, and the margins of wet hammocks
are its favorite haunts. The plants vary much in size. In colonies
growing on limestone the plants are often knee-high or waist-high
with very little individual variation. These colonies flower and
fruit the year round and, according to the dominance of flower or
fruit, they show as patches of white, pink, or bright-red.

Like all species this one has its variations. There are two groups
of Royal-palm hammocks in southern Florida, one in Dade County,
another in Collier County. This Christmas-berry grows in both of
them. In the former hammocks the plants grow to their usual
height, which is about three feet. In the Collier County hammocks,
where more humus has collected in the soil, the plants grow to the
unusual height of ten to fifteen feet.

This Christmas-berry is a shrub with hoary-pubescent often
slightly tomentulose foliage, with the hairs branched or stellate,
unarmed. The stem is erect, with a somewhat furrowed bark, that
of the branches pale-green or stramineous, soon glabrous, except
the new tips. The leaves are alternate, evergreen, usually rather
numerous. The blades are subcoriaceous, elliptic, varying to ellip-
tic-lanceolate or rarely elliptic-ovate, two to six inches long, or
rarely longer, obtuse or acute at the apex, entire, deep-green above
and thinly pubescent with the hairs rather evenly spaced, densely
pubescent with the hairs close-set and pale, often hoary beneath,
with the lateral veins slightly visible through the pubescent coat.
The petioles are rather long for the size of the leaf, copiously pubes-
cent, usually slender. The cymes are erect, with the peduncle
usually a half inch to two inches long and like the pedicels densely
pubescent. The flowers are often crowded, appearing at all seasons.
The calyx is campanulate or hemispheric, with the base of the tube
tapering into the pedicel. The calyx-lobes are ovate to deltoid,
shorter than the tube. The corolla is white or sometimes pink-
tinged, one-half to three-quarters of an inch wide, copiously pubes-
cent without, glabrous or nearly so within. The lobes are lanceo-
late, much longer than the tube. The anthers are stout-subulate,
about half as long as the corolla-lobes, much longer than the fila-
ments. The ovary is ovoid, usually with few very minute glandular
hairs near the top. The style is filiform, much longer than the
ovary, often with few minute glandular hairs near the base, termi-
nating in a minutely lobed stigma. The berry is erect, globose or
oval, a third of an inch to nearly a half inch long, bright-red, shin-
ing, seated in the persistent calyx. The seeds are roughened and
wrinkled.

JoHn K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Tip of a flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Gynoecium
with calyx partly removed. Fig. 3.—Petals and stamens. Fig. 4.—A stamen. Tig.
5.—A spray in fruit, and an individual fruit.

PLATE 566 ADDISONIA

SOLANUM SANITWONGSEI

ADDISONIA 43

(Plate 566)

SOLANUM SANITWONGSEI
Siamese Solanum
Native of Siam

Family SoLANACEAE Potato Family

Solanum Sanitwongsei Craib, Kew Bull. 1928; 246. 1928.

To a very large degree our knowledge of drugs and drug plants
is based on empiricism. In the history of the human race many
thousands of species of plants have been used for the treatment of
disease, and much of our present knowledge of drugs and drug
plants is fundamentally based on the crude experimental work
carried on by our remote ancestors. Many of these plants were
found, through experience, to have definite curative properties,
and were gradually adopted in primitive materia medica for the
treatment of specific illnesses. There are still numerous species
of plants, reputed locally to have definite therapeutic properties,
that have never been investigated from a pharmaceutical stand-
point, and occasionally one of these appears, on investigation, to
have specific value, as illustrated by the modern investigations of
Ephedra simca Stapf, the source of a new important drug ephe-
drine. The species was actually described in 1927, but Ma Huang
has been used in Chinese materia medica for many centuries, yet
it attracted no attention in Europe and in America until well into
the present century. Another example is that supplied by certain
Asiatie species of Hydnocarpus, the seeds of which yield the so-
ealled chaulmoogra oil, a product used for many centuries in India
for the treatment of many skin diseases and for leprosy. Modern
investigations have shown that derivatives of chaulmoogra oil have
definite curative properties in the treatment of leprosy, but the
general use of this remedy for the treatment of this race-old disease
has been developed within the present century.

In 1927 there appeared in Science, (n. ser. 66: 619-620), a
short article by Doctor Hugh M. Smith, entitled ‘‘The control of
diabetes in Siam by the use of solanaceous plants.’? Here was
recorded the fact that Doctor Yai S. Sanitwongsei of Bangkok,
Siam, had his attention called to the fruits of a native species of
Solanum, the use of which as a condiment, with meals, seemed to
have a marked effect on the control of sugar in diabetics. A year
later this species was described by Professor W. G. Craib of Aber-
deen University as a new species, Solanum Sanitwongset Craib.

While it seems probable that the therapeutic properties assigned
to the fruit of this species may be exaggerated, still there is a possi-

44 ADDISONIA

bility that the fresh and dried fruits of some species of Solanum
may have a real application in the control of diabetes. The evi-
dence to date is that while the fruits of Solanum Sanitwongset
Craib apparently have little or no value, those of an allied species,
Solanum indicum Linn. may have some application. Investigations
being carried on in various medical institutions in Europe and in
Europe and in America have not clearly demonstrated any con-
siderable therapeutic value of the fruits of either species.

The publication of Doctor Smith’s note attracted considerable
attention, and the wide newspaper publicity given to it aroused
the interest of numerous diabetics. The matter seemed worth
following up, with view first to determining the identity of the
plant, and second whether or not the claims made for its fruit as
a remedy for the control of diabetes were well founded. Through
the courtesy of Doctor A. F. G. Kerr of Bangkok, fresh seeds taken
from plants grown in his garden were secured and from these
plants were grown first at the University of California, Berkeley,
and later at The New York Botanical Garden. Both in Berkeley
and in New York the plant produced flowers and fruits in abun-
dance when grown out of doors during the summer season, but in
New York fruits did not mature until toward the end of the grow-
ing season. The plant can be maintained in New York only when
grown under greenhouse conditions.

Solanum Sanitwongset is an erect, much-branched, unarmed,
suffrutescent plant 1-1.5 m. high, the younger plants being more
or less stellate-pubescent, the branches terete, becoming glabrous
or nearly so. The leaves are chartaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate in
outline, obtuse at the apex, cordate to obtuse or even cuneate at the
distinctly inequilateral base, the margins distinctly lobed, the lobes
2 or 3 on each side, broad, obtuse or rounded, up to 2 em. long and
wide, the sinuses rather broad, rounded, the upper surface pale-
green, somewhat roughened with rigid short-stellate hairs, the lower
surface more or less tomentose with pale stellate hairs; lateral
nerves 3-5 on each side of the midrib; petioles 1-5 em. long. The
flowers are lavender, rarely solitary, usually in few-flowered lateral
racemes, sometimes subumbellate, normally about three flowers in
each inflorescence, the pedicels 8-15 mm. long, thickened upward
in fruit, pubescent. The five sepals are usually oblong-cuneate,
obtuse to acuminate, about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, and stel-
late-tomentose. The five petals are united for the lower 4 mm.,
more or less stellate-tomentose on the back, the lobes oblong-lance-
olate, subacute, about 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, lavender. The
stamens are equal, their filaments 1 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers
6 mm. long, yellow. The mature fruit is red, subglobose, fleshy,
glabrous, shining, about 1 cm. in diameter, the seeds pale, com-
pressed, puncticulate, about 2 mm. in diameter.

E. D. Merritt.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A branch showing leaves, inflorescences, and
mature flowers. Fig. 2.—An inflorescence with mature fruits,

PLATE 567 ADDISONIA

TAMALA LITTORALIS

ADDISONIA 45

(Plate 567)

TAMALA LITTORALIS
Dune red-bay
Natwe of the coasts of Florida and Texas

Family LAURACEAE LAUREL Family

Persea littoralis Small, Fl. SE. Ee S. 820. 1902.
Tamala littoralis Small, FL. SE. U. S. ed. 2. 822, 1913.

The avocado (Persea), native of the American tropics, occurs
in many varieties and forms in cultivation in the tropics and
nearby parts of the temperate zone.

In another geographic area far separated from the natural geo-
eraphic range of Persea, is a small group of shrubs and trees
belonging technically to the same plant family. Both the avocado
and the red-bay (the popular name for the southeastern United
States relative) were known to Linnaeus, who considered them as
belonging to the comprehensive genus Laurus. A half century
later (1805) the avocado was removed from Laurus as Persea
gratissima. About a quarter of a century later (1825) the more
wide-spread species of the United States was interpreted under the
genus Persea. Again in 1838, the sanest interpretation was made
by Rafinesque, who, considering technical characters and geo-
graphic range, gave the United States plant a refuge in a genus
named Tamala. Rafinesque records that Tamala is the Indian
name for the plant. But this was not the end of the generic wan-
derings of these plants, for as late as 1889 a celebrated botanist
went all the way to the opposite side of the world, the Malay re-
gion, for a generic concept to associate it with.

The genus under consideration is typified by the most widely
distributed species, 7. Borbonia. The red-bays, so called from
the color of the heart-wood, which was formerly much used in fur-
niture, started botanically as a single species. At periods through
one hundred and fifty years three species have been added.

The two earlier-described species are rather large trees, inhabi-
tants of low grounds, swamps, and stream-banks. The two other
species, more recently described, are inhabitants of dry places.
The serub-bay grows in the dry sand of the scrub, and has large
fruits and silky-pubescent leaves. The dune bay grows very abun-
dantly on the sand-dunes along the eastern coast of Florida; in
fact, it is more abundantly represented in a given locality than any
of the other species. For great distances on the dunes it often
forms the dominant arboreous vegetation. The dune bay also bears
more fruit than any of the other species. The shrubs or small trees

46 ADDISONIA

are then conspicuous objects, for en masse the bright-green leaves
and the dark-blue fruits are strongly contrasted.

The tree cannot be said to be economic, although we have known
its leaves to be used after the manner of bay-leaves in cooking.
The fruits are important bird-food, in season. They are aromatic
and irritating to the tongue. However, fruits very irritating to
the human tongue and throat are often the more highly prized by
birds—witness the wild cayenne-peppers (Capsicum) of the Flor-
ida hammocks, which the birds keep cleaned of all ripe and even
green fruits.

When not crowded the bay develops into a well-shaped small
tree. It was brought to our attention in a striking way, about
thirty years ago, on the dunes south of Palm Beach, where it was
plentiful in stretches several miles in extent. Today scarcely a
tree can be found where formerly it was so abundant. However,
it is still abundant at many places along the Florida coasts, and
specimens from Texas have also come to our notice. The speci-
mens from which the accompanying figure was made were collected
on the celebrated kitchen-midden, Turtle Mound, on the sand-dunes
about twelve miles south of New Smyrna, Florida.

The dune bay is a shrub or a small tree up to twenty feet tall,
the stem much-branched, the branches rigid, the twigs puberulent,
reddish, becoming dark-purple, leafy. The leaves are alternate,
numerous, persistent, and evergreen. The blades are elliptic to
oval, one and a half to three and a half inches long, thin-coriaceous,
mostly obtuse at the apex, entire, becoming revolute, lustrous and
bright-green above, dull and slightly paler beneath, finely pitted on
both sides when dry, acute or somewhat acuminate at the base, with
the veins obscurely impressed above, prominent beneath, the mid-
vein especially prominent. The petioles are rather long and slen-
der, usually slightly puberulent. The flower-clusters are axillary,
with several flowers terminating a flattened peduncle, which is
often as long as or slightly longer than the petiole. The flowers
are very short-pedicelled, subtended by minute acute bracts. The
outer sepals are broadly ovate, obtuse, puberulent, persistent. The
inner sepals are about twice as long as the outer, narrowly obovate,
often somewhat rhombic, obtuse, usually veined. The stamens are
in four series, those of the second and fourth series reduced to short
staminodia, those of the first and third series anther-bearing, the
filaments of the third series each with a pair of glands near the
base. All the filaments are copiously pubescent. The anthers are
four-celled, with cavities opening by hinged valves. The ovary is
ovoid or oval, sessile, glabrous. The style is columnar or subulate,
glabrous, slightly enlarged under the stigma. The drupes are sub-
globose, seated on the indurated persistent calyx, averaging about
a half inch in diameter, purple-black under the bloom, with a
rather thick very aromatic flesh. The stone is thin-eoated.

JOHN K. SMALL.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A small branch in flower. Fig. 2.—Part of a

corolla laid open, showing the three types of stamens. Fig. 3.—The gynoecium.
Fig. 4.—A branch in fruit.

PLATE 568 ADDISONIA

VIBURNUM WRIGHTII

ADDISONIA 47

(Plate 568)

VIBURNUM WRIGHTII
Wright’s Viburnum
Native of Japan

Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE HoNEYSUCELE Family

Viburnum Wrightii Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 267. 1866.

This Viburnum was brought to the attention of western bota-
nists by C. Wright, who collected it on hillsides near Hakodate,
Japan, when traveling as botanist of Commodore Rogers’ North
Pacifie Exploring Expedition (1853-56), at about the same time
as Perry’s expedition to Japan. Asa Gray, who sorted the plant
material brought back by both expeditions, did not recognize this
as a new species, mistaking it for the then incompletely known V.
erosum Thunb. However, he sent specimens of it to Miquel, who
identified it as a new species, and described it in 1866 in the An-
nales of the Botanical Museum of Leyden, Holland. In honor of
the collector he gave it the name Viburnum Wrighti.

American horticulture is indebted for this handsome shrub to
the late Professor C. S. Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arboretum,
who in 1892 sent seeds of it from Japan to the Arnold Arboretum.

In gardens V. Wrighti is frequently confused with V. dilata-
tum, V. phlebotrichum and V. furcatum. The last-named resem-
bles V. Wrightw rather closely in the shape of its leaves, especially
on cultivated plants, but its naked, scaleless buds, its scurfy
branches and the cordate base of its leaves distinguish it easily.
The stamens of V. furcatum are only about half as long as the
corolla of its flower. V. dilatatum is distinguished by the dense,
soft pubescence of its branches and leaves, and by its smaller fruit.
V. phlebotrichum, under which name V. Wrightu is frequently
listed, especially in European gardens, is not only much more ten-
der but also very rare in cultivation. Its leaves are smaller and
narrower and the stems of its flowers are shorter than the corolla.

The large clusters of glossy, scarlet fruits and the dark red fall
coloring of the leaves render this shrub very ornamental. How-
ever, it shows itself much more exacting and of a less easy temper
in cultivation than its nearest relatives, V. dilatatum and V. thetf-
erum. Healthy, well-grown plants of it are rather scarce. Though
perfectly hardy, it will die back in part and will assume a rather

48 ADDISONTIA

stunted appearance if it is allowed to suffer from drought. For
best results it should be grown in a rich, fresh, humus soil and in a
somewhat sheltered position where dry winds and the hottest sun
do not reach it.

V. Wrightii is a shrub of rather erect habit, with upright,
grayish-brown branches. It is said to reach a height of nine feet,
though it will hardly reach that height in cultivation. Its broadly
ovate or suborbicular leaves are, on cultivated plants, especially on
the flowering branches, usually not more than two and one-half
inches or three and one-half inches long, though on sterile shoots
they may reach a length of about five inches. They are abruptly
acuminate at the tips and usually broadly cuneate, though fre-
quently rounded or even subcordate at the base. The veins be-
neath and the petioles are covered with scattered, long hairs. The
flowers appear in June, in upright, pedunculate cymes. The
stamens exceed the corolla, which has a diameter of one-fourth of
an inch. The fruit is a subglobose, juicy, scarlet drupe, about
three-eighths of an inch high. The very characteristic winter buds
are covered with two pairs of imbricate scales, the inner pair show-
ing a yellowish pubescence toward the apex, while the outer, shorter
pair is usually glabrous and lustrous.

H. TEUSCHER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruiting branch.

PLATE 537,
PLATE 538,
PLATE 539,
PLATE 540,
PLATE 541,
PLATE 542,
PLATE 543,
PLATE 544,

RECENT PLATES

BILLBERGIA IRIDIFOLIA PLATE 545.
HYMENOCALLIS CAYMANENSIS PLATE 546.
DENDROBIUM FIMBRIATUM OCULATUM PLATE 547.

PELARGONIUM ZONALE CLON HAPPY THOUGHT PLATE 548.

ACACIA PODALYRIAEFOLIA PLATE 549,
PYROSTEGIA VENUSTA PLATE 550.
PAPHIOPEDILUM INSIGNE SANDERAE PLATE 551.
RONDELETIA ODORATA PLATE 552.

PLATE 553.
PLATE 554.
PLATE 555.
PLATE 556.
PLATE 557.
PLATE 558.
PLATE 559.
PLATE 560.

TRADESCANTIA LONGIFOLIA
AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA
SPHAERALCEA UMBELLATA
AMSONIA LUDOVICIANA
HELIANTHUS STRUMOSUS
ASCLEPIAS LANCEOLATA
HARRISIA FRAGRANS
CLYTOSTOMA CALLISTEGIOIDES

SYMPLOCOS MARTINICENSIS
BRUNFELSIA AMERICANA
GHINIA SPINOSA

PHTHIRUSA CARIBAEA
EXOGONIUM SOLANIFOLIUM
STEGNOSPERMA HALIMIFOLIA
PORTULACA POLIOSPERMA
OSMIA GERANIIFOLIA

PLATE 561.
PLATE 562.
PLATE 563.
PLATE 564.
PLATE 565.
PLATE 566.
PLATE 567.
PLATE 568.

CONTENTS

CRATAEGUS ARNOLDIANA
POLYCODIUM FLORIDANUM
LONICERA MORROW! XANTHOCARPA
ILEX MYRTIFOLIA

SOLANUM BLODGETTII

SOLANUM SANITWONGSEI!

TAMALA LITTORALIS

VIBURNUM WRIGHTII

ADDISONIA

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

AND
POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS
. OF
PLANTS
VOLUME 17 NUMBER 4
5, DECEMBER, 1932

PUBLISHED BY

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
(ADDISON BROWN. FUND)
DECEMBER 27, 1932

RMNOURCE MERIT a

A bequest made to the ve York Botanieal Garden by its ate <:

President, Judge Addison Brown, established the
ADDISON BROWN FUND.

“the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the y, 8 5
founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the main. *
tenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine ers
bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored Pree
plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial posses- eG ENG
sions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conserva-

tories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any

acantee notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known a 2 1 ae

properties and uses of the plants illustrated.’’

The preparation and publication of the work have been ‘ction er,
to Mr. Edward Johnston Alexander, Assistant Curator, and Mr. —

Kenneth Rowland Boynton, Head Gardener,

AppIsoNni4 is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June,

September, and December. Each part consists of eight colored
plates with accompanying letterpress.
$10 annually, four parts constituting a volume.
be sold separately. —

Address:
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
BRONX PARK a ae
| NEW YORK CITY

: Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as
completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the
parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 to 16

has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate
parts ean be supplied. |

The subseription price is
The parts will not

PLATE 569 ADDISONIA

M.E tQloriw

{

MANFREDA VARIEGATA

DEC 3 11932

ADDISONIA 49

(Plate 569)
MANFREDA VARIEGATA

Huaco
Native of southern Texas and northern Mexico

Family AMARYLLIDACEAE AMARYLLIS Family

Agave variegata Jacobi, Hamb. Gartenz. 21: 459. 1865.
Manfreda variegata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 20. 1903.

The United States has two decidedly southern extremities, the
one, Florida, ending at 24° 30’ N, the other, Texas, reaching 26° 51’
N. In Florida, tropical types of vegetation abound; in Texas, des-
ert types are numerous. Both these regions are represented by
plants in this number of Appison1a. Although southern Texas has
green desert areas, mesquite-cactus country, it also has other types
of fioristics. Manfreda inhabits the desert and semi-desert areas.
It has many succulent associates. These succulents aften occupy
large patches to the exclusion of other kinds of plants. The genus
was named for Manfred, an old Italian writer.

The huaco was found growing, under cultivation, in the botanic
garden at Copenhagen in the summer of 1856. It was named as
Agave variegata in 1865. It is said to have been discovered in Mex-
ico by Dr. Josiah Gregg in 1847.

This species has a generic associate in southern Texas and north-
ern Mexico in Manfreda maculata. It also has two generic asso-
ciates in the Gulf and southern Atlantic Coastal Plains and adja-
cent plant provinees, in M. virginica and M. tigrina.

Associated with the huaco are desert plants, often in colonies of
low-growing succulents, among them family relatives, Runyon’s
huaco (Runyonia) and rain-lily (Cooperia) ; sedum (Lenophyllum)
of the Orpine family, and members of the Cactus family: prickly
pear (Opuntia), dahlia-cactus (Wilcoxia), and hedgehog-cactus
(Hamatocactus). The elements of this unique plant association are
often arranged over large areas in the manner of a crazy-quilt, the
various shades of green in the foliage, one to each kind of plant,
standing out, often in strong contrasts. However, in some places
the plants are more or less camouflaged, especially in seasons of
drought when the pale dust of the country collects on this vegetable
carpet, as it were, and subdues the coloration.

This lay-out naturally becomes more and more varied and con-
spicuous as these plants come into flower.

50 ADDISONIA

This plant is drought-resisting. A large, deep-seated, fleshy
root and succulent leaves hold a good supply of water against rain-
less seasons. These water reservoirs enable the plant to carry out
its routine regardless of weather by rapidly sending up its whip-
like flower-stalks in the spring, flowering promptly, and maturing
its fruits in late summer.

The huaco prefers a sandy loam, but will grow in any rich soil.
It grows well in conservatories in the North, producing its leaves
and flower-stalks to the maximum length. It is naturally distrib-
uted in the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas and in northern
Tamaulipas, Mexico. The root is sometimes used as a substitute for
soap and the herbage is used as a remedy for poisonous snake-bites.

The huaco is light-green throughout, but it is so covered with
glaucous bloom as to appear dull-blue-green, with a fleshy deep-
seated root. The leaves are in a basal rosette, usually nine to eight-
een together, and spreading. The blades are lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, eight to fifteen inches long, channeled, acute, finely car-
tilaginous-toothed, with the green ground-color spotted with brown.
The flower-stalk is seven feet tall, floriferous on about the upper
twelve inches, with lowest bract leaf-like, but upright and much re-
duced, the other bracts all very short, a half inch long or less, ap-
pressed to the axis, distant. The entire flower is about two inches
long, with the hypanthium nearly 1 em. long. The flowers, each
from a separate small lanceolate-ovate bract which encloses within
it a second still smaller bract or ovate bractlet, which protrudes
sideways, are usually alternate and sessile, glaucous in the bud, the
three sepals covering all but the midrib of the three petals. The
perianth, when expanded, is greenish-yellow inside. The sepals and
petals are lanceolate, blunt, fully a half inch long, with a slight tuft
of pubescence on the inside at the tip. The petals are upright or
straight the first day, afterward slightly recurved at the tips; they
have a thick midvein and thin margins. The three sepals are
sharply recurved at first and continue so, flat on both surfaces, thick
throughout, deeply grooved into the midvein on the inner side. The
six filaments are about an inch and a half long the first day, elon-
gating somewhat the second, opposite the lobes and adnate to the
base of the perianth parts, a slight protuberance being formed on
the outside of each sepal and petal at the point of adnation. The
anthers are less than a half inch long the first day, and red-brown,
shedding their pollen from the second day on and shriveling to half
that size, the lobes of each sae opening out flat. The stigma is capi-
tate, brown, except for the white stigmatic lines, and sharply and
deeply three-lobed. The style is about an inch and a quarter long
the first day, becoming two inches long after the second day. The
ovary is nearly a half inch long, inferior, three-celled, each cavity
with two rows of ovules, separated by a partition extending half
into the cell from the outer wall. The capsule is ellipsoid, an inch
to an inch and a half long, obscurely angled, opening from the top.
The seeds are black and nearly flat.

JoHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—The flowering portion of the inflorescence. Vig. zn
—The gynoecium, with two of the perianth divisions and their adnate stamens, Jig. 3.
—A mature capsule. Fig. 4.—-A leaf,

ata

Bor

PLATE 570 Pe 7 < = ADDISONIA

PITCAIRNIA CORALLINA

ADDISONIA 51

(Plate 570)
PITCAIRNIA CORALLINA

Coral Pitcairnia
Native of Colombia

Family BROMELIACEAE PINEAPPLE Family

Pitcairnia corallina Linden & André; Carriére, Rev. Hort. 47: 251, pl, 1875.

One of the most beautiful members of a family noted for its
beauty, the Coral Pitcairnia, with its enormous drooping spike of
bright-red flowers closely set against the stem, is surpassed by few
of its family when in bloom. For decorative purposes, in fact, it is
superior to all others of its genus, and, while its flowers do not pos-
sess the startling combinations of color found in many of its rela-
tives, the leaves themselves are highly ornamental, with their two-
color surfaces, so that this Pitcairnia would be worth growing even
though it never bloomed.

The plant was introduced to cultivation about 1870 by J. J.
Linden, to whom it was sent by E. F. André from the province of
Choco, New Grenada (now Colombia), and when it flowered for the
first time in Europe in 1874 in the greenhouses of Baron Rothschild
at Ferriéres near Paris, it created a sensation, and was at once
awarded a first prize, placing it among the world’s finest ornamental
plants.

The genus Pitcairnia was named for W. Pitcairn, a London
physician. The name corallina refers to the coralline appearance of
the inflorescence.

Pitcairnia corallina succeeds best in cultivation when potted in
a rough mixture consisting of orchid peat, oak leaves, and charcoal,
together with some fibrous, turfy loam and a small proportion of
dried cow-manure. The receptacles in which it is grown should be
yery thoroughly drained and the compost should be pressed firmly
about the roots.

Very humid atmospheric conditions are appreciated and in
bright weather the foliage should be sprayed freely with clear water,
while at all times the floors, benches, and other surfaces from which
evaporation takes place should be kept moist.

Shade is desirable only when the sunlight is very intense and for
the greater part of the year full exposure is to be recommended.
Stock of Pitcairnia corallina may be increased by means of division
of the old plants in April or May.

ADDISONIA

oO
bo

The coral Pitcairnia is a stemless, caespitose plant. The leaves
are rosulate, the outer without marginal spines, hard, brown, and
dry, not produced into a blade, the inner with a petiole about 1 foot,
and a blade about 3 feet long. The petiole is light yellow-green,
margined with sharply decurved, flat, horny spines, yellow-green at
first, black-brown at maturity. The blade is plicate, much resem-
bling that of Curculigo, but not so markedly veiny, bright yellow-
green, three to four inches wide, abruptly acuminate, the petiolar
spines extending about three inches up the blade margins, the blade
otherwise entire, smooth, and glabrous. The under surface of the
blade and petiole is covered with a grayish-white, furfuraceous coat-
ing, removable only by scraping. The peduncle rises from the base
of the tuft of leaves. It is sharply recurved, about one foot long,
bright red, with lanceolate-acuminate, grayish-brown bracts. The
inflorescence is about one foot long, bright red, rather densely flow-
ered, the individual flowers about three inches long, their pedicels
one fourth inch long, spreading or drooping. The sepals are lanceo-
late and horny, about one inch long, bright coral-red. The petals
are bright coral-red, lingulate, three inches long, furnished with a
large, oblong basal scale, which is free at the summit and along the
edges. The six stamens are as long as the petals, the filaments
white, the anthers and pollen bright yellow. The ovary is broadly
conical, the basal portion only adnate to the hypanthium. The style
is filiform, about two inches long, the three stigmas twisted together
spirally. The fruit is a septicidally three-valved capsule.

Epwarp J. ALEXANDER,
T. H. Everett.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A portion of the inflorescence, Fig. 2.—The
gynoecium and one stamen. Fig. 3.—The basal portion of a leaf. Fig. 4.—An entire
leaf (reduced).

PLATE 571 ADDISONIA

aa
eases

CHIRITA LAVANDULACEA

ADDISONIA 53

(Plate 571)
CHIRITA LAVANDULACEA

Lavender Chirita
Native of tropical Asia?

Family GESNERIACEAE GESNERIA Family

Chirita lavandulacea Stapf, Bot. Mag. 150: pl, 9047. 1925.

Chirita lavandulacea was originally described and figured in
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine. Plants grown at Kew from seeds re-
ceived from various European sources served as the basis of the
original description and it is believed that to the Botanic Garden at:
Herrenhausen, Hanover, should be accorded the eredit for having
introduced this species to cultivation. Stapf states that the seed
was received at Kew ‘‘under the names of Chirita Horsfieldu var.
scabrida, Didymocarpus Horsfieldu and Roettlera Horsfieldti, names
which are evidently inapplicable.” It is of interest to note that
seed of this same plant has been received in the United States as
Chirita Blumei, and in view of the fact that it possesses consider-
able merit as a decorative subject and may be expected to meet with
favor in establishments where choice greenhouse plants are grown,
it seems especially desirable that any confusion in nomenclature
which may exist should be corrected before inacceptable combina-
tions enter into common usage. The precise country of origin is un-
known, but as the genus is confined to Indo-Malaysian and Chinese
regions, it may be expected that the habitat of this species is to be
found in some part of tropical or subtropical Asia.

As a winter-blooming subject for the embellishment of the con-
servatory or warm-greenhouse, Chirita lavandulacea will commend
itself to the horticulturist, and for this purpose it must be ranked
amongst the best of the Gesneriads. It is of easy cultivation and re-
mains decorative over a very long season.

Propagation may be effected by means of seed sown in spring or
early summer, or by stem or single-leaf cuttings inserted at the same
season. In either case the young plants should be grown on without
receiving any check in a minimum temperature of 60° F. A humid
atmosphere and light shade are required. Chiritas revel in a soil
rich in humus, and should have ample drainage. While they must
be given generous supplies of water at the roots, they are impatient
of moisture on the foliage, and overhead spraying should not be
practiced.

54 ADDISONIA

Chirita lavandulacea is an erect, branched, perennial herb, un-
der favorable conditions attaining a height of two and a half feet or
more. The stout stems are decidedly succulent and semi-translucent
in appearance and are sparsely furnished with short glandular hairs
and rather distant, pale greenish-white, longitudinal protuberances.
The leaves are opposite (or the lower sometimes whorled), elliptic-
oblong to broadly ovate, with a slightly cordate base and ecrenulate
margins. They are strongly pinnately veined, with a channeled
midrib, with the upper surface shining green and softly hairy, while
the under surface is also pubescent but paler in color. The leaf-
blade is up to seven inches long by five inches wide. The lower
leaves have drooping petioles up to six inches long but the upper
leaves are sessile. The flowers are borne in cymes terminal upon
the main stem and upon the laterals and sublaterals. The cymes
are few- to sixteen-flowered and are either supported by two small
amplexicau! leaves or are sessile in the axils of the upper leaves.
The pedicels are glandular-hairy and are from one-half to five-
eights of one inch in length. The calyx is about one-fourth of an
inch in length and consists of five slightly imbricated sepals, glan-
dular-hairy and of membranous texture except for the recurved
tips. The tubular corolla is slightly curved downward and is
sharply constricted toward the base. It is from one to one and a
quarter inches in length and up to five-eighths of an inch across the
mouth, is covered with a short pubescence, and is delicate lavender
in color except for the throat and the outside of the tube, which are
almost or quite pure white. The two epipetalous stamens are erect
but not exserted. The ovary is softly downy. The style is glandu-
lar-hairy and deflexed toward the tip and furnished with a bilobed
stigma. The capsules are narrow-terete, conspicuously hairy, and
up to two inches in length.

T. H. EVERETT.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering portion of a plant. Fig. 2.—A mature
capsule, Fig. 3.—A seed X 30.

PLATE 572 ADDISONIA

OENOTHERA ARGILLICOLA

ADDISONIA 55

(Plate 572)
OENOTHERA ARGILLICOLA

Allegheny Evening-primrose
Native of mountains, Pennsylvania to West Virginia

Family ONAGRACEAE. EVENING-PRIMROSE Family

Oenothera argillicola Mackenzie, Torreya 4: 56. 1904,
Onagra argillicola Mackenzie, Torreya 4: 57, 1904.

Certain plants, like certain animals and people, prefer or de-
mand special habitats, the determining characteristies of which may
be soil, moisture, altitude, temperature, or other such factors. For
example, in caleareous soil one is apt to find Campanula rotundt-
folia; in argillaceous soil, Trifolium virginicum; in granite soil, Dia-
morpha pusilla. Other habitats also have their individual follow-
ings among the plant species, and even, in some cases, among the
genera. <As special geologic outcrops have been more thoroughly
explored, this localized plant distribution according to soils has
become more and more evident.

Exploration of the shales of the more northern part of the Alle-
gheny highlands was tardy. Yet, each incursion brought out some-
thing interesting in plant life, even novelties in both species and
genera.

The shale formations where this plant was discovered, near the
boundary of Virginia and West Virginia, extend northeastward into
southern Pennsylvania. There in Perry County just north of
where the Blue Ridge fades out are located the few stations of the
box huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachycera). It was on a visit to the
largest known plant of this huckleberry, on the north bank of the
Juniata River, that this showy evening-primrose was first found
north of its original station.

Oenothera is an old name of uncertain origin.

This evening-primrose is one of the more showy species of the
genus. The narrow, bright green, often glossy leaves and bright
yellow flowers are often conspicuously set off among its associates on
the bluffs along the Juniata—this primrose has many associates,
some of them also showy. Among these are both ferns and flowering
plants. Ten different ferns were found thereabouts. None of the
rarer flowering plant associates of the mountains further south, such
as Eriogonum Allent, Pseudotaenidia montana, Senecio antennaru-
folius, Trifolium virginicum, and Viorna albicoma, were found in
Pennsylvania. Some of the associates growing with the plants from

56 ADDISONIA

which the accompanying painting was made, were the columbine
(Aquilegia canadensis), the shooting-star (Dodecatheon Meadia),
and the cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis). The ledges of the
cliffs were carpeted by the starry-stonecrop (Sedum ternatum) in
fine leafage, and among it were often clumps of the wild onion (Al-
lium cernuum) with its nodding, pink to purple cluster of flowers.
At the base of the cliff many plants had accumulated in the talus
and there was the tall halberd-leaved hibiscus (Hibiscus militaris),
which was strongly suggestive of the wild-cotton plant.

We found that the plant was not only very easy to cultivate,
either from seeds or seedlings, but that it improved greatly when
domesticated. Though its chosen habitat in the wild is argillaceous
soil, we grew it in eastern Pennsylvania in heavy soil and in south-
ern New Jersey in sand. In both places the growth of the plants
and the size and color of the flowers were exceptionally fine.
Furthermore, the plants seeded themselves from year to year. The
same record was made when the plant was grown at the Botanical
Garden for several years after its discovery in Pennsylvania. For
some unexplained reason this plant has remained in the Allegheny
plant province. It has neither migrated to the Blue Ridge nor to
the Coastal Plain.

The Allegheny evening-primrose has a biennial taproot which
produces one or more stems at the summit. The seedling or plant
of the first year is stemless. The stems and branches are puberulent,
but otherwise without pubescence, decumbent and diffuse or ascend-
ing, one to three and a half feet long; leaves of the stemless plant of
the first year are in a rosette, three to seven inches long. The blades
are oblanceolate or spatulate, acute at the apex, sinuate, puberulent
on both sides, with the mid-nerve strongly developed, tapering
downward to a long, rather narrowly winged, petiole-like base. The
cauline leaves of the flowering plants are spreading. The blades are
narrowly linear-lanceolate, the well-developed ones three to six
inches long, acute, remotely sinuate-dentate, glabrous or slightly
puberulent, tapering to a petiole-like base and often strongly decur-
rent on the stem, and there forming well-developed ridges. The
hypanthium is one to one and a half inches long, longer than the
sepals, glabrous, as also are the sepals, except sometimes, especially
when young. The four sepals are lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, free
at the tip, spreading. The four petals are bright-yellow, obeordate,
crenulate, one to one and a half inches long, so that the open flower
is up to three or four inches across. The capsule is glabrous, one to
one and a quarter inches long, sessile, gradually tapering upward
from the broad base and often strongly curved, somewhat quad-
rangular, strongly ribbed. The seeds are angled and very small.

JOHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION oF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Tip of a flowering branch. Fig. 2.—A mature
eapsule, Fig. 3.—A cauline leaf. Fig. 4.—A basal leaf,

PLATE 573 ADDISONIA

JM Salazar

BEGONIA WADEI

ADDISONIA an

(Plate 573)
BEGONIA WADEI

Wade’s Begonia
Native of the Philippine Islands

Family BEGONIACEAE Be@onta Family

Begonia Wadei Merrill & Quisumbing, sp. noy.*

The genus Begonia is rather remarkably developed in the Phil-
ippines, with about 90 described species already recorded. They
vary from small plants but an inch or two high in such species as
Begonia parva Merr. and small forms of B. nigritarum Steud., to
erect semi-shrubby plants 5 to 6 feet in height, as in B. Merritin
Merr., and coarse scandent vines with large leaves, long petioles, and
very long peduncles with ample inflorescences, as in B. oxysperma
A. DC. They occur from sea level to an altitude of at least 2500
meters, growing chiefly in the primary forest, some species being
confined to the faces of cliffs or ledges along streams, rarely however
in the full sunlight, but none occurring naturally in the open coun-
try. While some of these numerous species are of rather wide geo-
graphic distribution within the Philippines, they are mostly very
local, and very few of them are known from outside the limits of
the Archipelago. Few, if any, of these species have been introduced
into cultivation, although many are most attractive in vegetative,
flower, and fruit characters, and are well worthy of cultivation as
greenhouse subjects.

The subject of this illustration is remarkable in two respects:
first, in its habitat, as it grows on exposed coralline limestone forma-
tions at sea level in places where, at times, the plants may be subject
to spray from the ocean; and second, in its elongated thickened
stems which attain a length of 60 em. and a diameter of from 1.5 to
2.3 em., in this character differing from all hitherto described Phil-
ippine forms. This great thickening of the stems is doubtless asso-
ciated with the unusual habitat in which the plant grows, being an
adaptation to the habitat for the conservation of the plant’s water
supply, as the region in which it grows is one subject to a prolonged
dry season, with little or no rainfall for a period of several months.

This species was first discovered by Doctor H. W. Wade, chief
pathologist of the Culion Leper Colony, to whom it is dedicated, on
Coron Island, near Culion, in January, 1923. It was subsequently

* Begonia Wadei Merrill & Quisumbing, sp. nov. § Diploclinium. Species distincta,
ab omnibus speciebus Philippinarum adhue cognitis differt caudicibus crassis, erectis,
nornaliter simplicibus, usque ad 60 em. altis, 1.5 ad 2.3 em, diametro. Insula Coron,

Pp paar Bur, Sci, 78801 W. H. Brown, Dee. 24, 1929 (typus), H. W. Wade, s.n.,
an., Oe

58 ADDISONIA

collected by Doctor W. H. Brown, Director of the Bureau of Sci-
ence, at the same locality, December 24, 1929. The description is
based on the two collections, the type being Bur. Sct. 78801 W. H.
Brown, deposited in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science, Ma-
nila, with an isotype in the herbarium of The New York Botanical
Garden. The illustration was prepared from living specimens
brought to Manila by Doctor Brown, some of which were trans-
mitted to The New York Botanical Garden.

Begonia Wade is an erect suffrutescent plant, with normally
simple, glabrous stems up to 60 em. high, 1.5 to 2.3 em. in diameter,
smooth, dark brown, greenish above, with prominent petiolar and
stipular scars. The leaves are crowded at the tops of the stems,
the blades ovate to oblong-ovate, somewhat inequilateral, fleshy
when fresh, 11.5 to 21.5 em. long, 6 to 13 em. wide, slightly shining,
the upper surface green when fresh, glabrous, the lower surface
much paler and with scattered pale-reddish hairs especially on the
nerves and midrib, the base broad, rounded, or rounded on one
side and subacute on the other, the apex acute to acuminate, the
margin minutely pubescent with reddish hairs, wavy or denticulate;
basal nerves usually nine, with two additional lateral ones on each
side of the midrib shortly above the base; petioles 3 to 10 em. long;
stipules lanceolate, acuminate, strongly keeled, membranaceous,
2.5 to 3 em. long, 1.3 em. wide in the widest part, deciduous, green,
the keel and tips reddish. The inflorescences are in the upper
axils, 7 to 18 em. long, the peduncles 5 to 18 em. long. The flowers
are laxly arranged, rose-pink to nearly white, the bracts pale green,
deciduous, membranaceous, boat-shaped when young, the expanded
ones 13 to 19 mm. long, 10 to 11 mm. wide. The two bracteoles
subtending each fiower are caducous, falling before the flower opens,
thinner and paler than the bracts, 6 to 7 mm. long, 4.5 to 6 mm.
wide. The staminate flowers are more numerous than the pistillate
ones, 2.5 to 3.4 em. in diameter. The two sepals are orbicular-
ovate to elliptic, 12 to 20 mm. long, 11 to 14 mm. wide. The two
petals are obovate to oblong-obovate, truncate to retuse, narrowed
below, 8 to 18 mm. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide. The stamens are 31 to
42 in number, their filaments 1 to 2.5 mm. long, the outer filaments
shorter, the anthers narrowly oblong-obovoid, 1.5 to 1.75 mm. long.
The pedicels are slender, 12 to 15 mm. long. The pistillate flowers
are long-pedicelled, the perianth segments similar to those of the
staminate flowers. The capsules are turbinate, truncate, with
rounded base, including the wings 15 to 17 em. long, 20 to 22 mm.
wide, unequally 3-winged, the wings reticulate, rounded at the
upper outer corner, the two narrower ones up to 3.5 mm. wide, the
wider one up to 9 mm. in width. The placentate are 2-partite.

E. D. MERRILL,

E. QUISUMBING.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Plant in flower, reduced two thirds. Fig. 2.—
A staminate flower, natural size. Fig. 3.—lLateral view of a flower in bud, natural
size. Fig. 4.—Pistillate flower, natural size. Fig. 5.—Stigmas, X 5. Fig. 6—Stamens,
x 5. Fig. 7.—A single stamen, X15. Wig. 8—A capsule, natural size, Fig. 9.—
Cross section of an immature fruit, slightly enlarged.

PLATE 574 ADDISONIA

HARRISIA SIMPSONII

ADDISONIA 59

(Plate 574)
HARRISIA SIMPSONII

Simpson’s prickly-apple
Native of Southern Peninsular Florida and the Keys

Family CACTACEAE Cactus Family

Harrisia Simpsonii Small; Britton & Rose, The Cactaceae 2: 152, f. 223. 1920.

The great majority of the plants of the present flora of the
eastern United States have been supplied from the one-time
refugees preserved in the Appalachian highlands during the latest
“*flood,’’ geologically considered. Some, however, particularly in
the Coastal Plain, especially in Florida, have come from ancient
West Indian reservoirs. The genus Harrisia, of which there are at
least three species in Florida, was appropriately named for William
Harris, a student of the flora of Jamaica, West Indies.

At present there are eighteen known species. They range from
Florida to Argentina. The present species is not a tree-cactus, but
a shrub-cactus. It is a vigorous grower in its native haunts and
often forms impenetrable thickets. Its armament is copious and
vicious. Woe be unto one who unawares runs foul of a colony.
When caught in it, an attempt to save one part of the body from
the myriad spines results in another part being attacked. With
the protecting and supporting help of shrubbery, the mass-growth
of this succulent is astonishing. This is caused by the long-con-
tinued development of the original plant and the new vegetative
growth of all parts that may be detached, as well as by the great
number of seedlings. Such interesting growths are to be found
mainly in the hammocks of the Cape Sable region and in those
of the lower Florida Keys. The flower of this plant is a marvel,
especially to those unacquainted with the habits of some of the
eacti. The first indication of a flower is a little silky nubbin on
the side of a stem. This grows rapidly into a clavate bud six
or seven inches long, and then, under normal circumstances, ex-
pands into a beautiful white, wax-like flower at ten o’clock in the
evening. The flower-limb remains open, inviting nocturnal insects
to help in pollinations, until about dawn, when the flower closes
and droops. If pollination has been accomplished, a bright red or
orange, depressed, apple-like fruit (berry) results. This is un-
armed, and naturally opens only by dessication. However, birds
are ravenously fond of cactus seeds, and they frequently puncture

60 ADDISONIA

the fruit-coat and thus open the berries artificially. This prickly-
apple is thus often maintained in a limited area. The plants are
evidently quite averse to cold, and the species has not progressed
any distance up the Florida coasts, not even in the neighborhood
of the tempering effects of the Gulf Stream.

Although to be considered primarily a terrestrial, this prickly-
apple is also an epiphyte. In the Cape Sable tidal mangrove-
swamps, for example, the plant may be found on tree trunks just
above the high-tide mark or even ten or fifteen feet up in the
trees. It is thus closely associated with the epiphytic orchids.

The plant here illustrated is a hammock species. It was dis-
covered on the lower Florida Keys many years ago, and later came
to light in the forests of the upper Keys. Still later the Cape Sable
region of Florida contributed a third area of distribution. It has
been considered for a century under a variety of generic and
specific names too confusing to mention here. It is not known to
grow naturally outside of extreme southern Florida. However, it
grows well in cultivation not only within its natural geographic
limits, but also somewhat further north. It thrives in properly
prepared soil. Hedges or beds with a generous planting are showy
objects, whether in flower or in fruit.

Simpson’s prickly-apple is a very succulent, copiously spine-
armed, leafless plant up to twelve feet tall, scattered or in dense
colonies, terrestrial or often epiphytic. The stems are sometimes
vine-like or usually strict and rigid, simple or individually
branched, nine- or ten-ridged. The spines are mostly seven to nine
in each areola, slender, the longer ones of each cluster mostly one
half to one inch long. The young flower-buds are clothed with
white hairs. The hypanthium is longer than the flower-limb, long-
funnelform, prominently and coarsely ridged, with the swollen base
clothed with broadly lanceolate, closely set or imbricate scales, with
white hairs protruding from beneath them. The scales of the
tubular part of the hypanthium are rather numerous and close-set,
very turgid, lanceolate, each with white hairs protruding from
beneath. The flowers are inodorous. The sepals are green, of
various lengths, the longer inner ones linear, an inch and three
quarters to two and a quarter inches long, acuminate. The petals
are white, narrowly spatulate or narrowly cuneate-spatulate, erose
near the apex, each abruptly narrowed into a short tip. The
stamens are very numerous, nearly erect. The berry is depressed-
globose, two to two and a half inches in diameter, red or orange,
usually with partly persistent scales, the scar at the apex about a
fourth of an inch in diameter. The numerous seeds are very small
and shining.

JOHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION or PLatp, Fig. 1.—A flower. Fig. 2.—The fruit. Fig. 3.—A seed.

PLATE 575 ADDISONIA

KLEINIA FICOIDES

ADDISONIA 61

(Plate 575)

KLEINIA FICOIDES
Ficoid Kleinia
Native of Cape Colony

Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family

Cacalia ficoides L. Sp. Pl. 8384. 1753.
Kleinia ficoides Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 313. 1812.
Senecio ficoides Sch.-Bip. Flora 28: 499. 1845.

This plant is an attractive subject, and well worthy of a place
in a collection of succulents. The blue-gray bloom which covers
the fleshy stems and leaves shows to advantage, and wherever plants
of this nature form part of a summer display in the garden,
Kleinia ficoides can be used with good effect, while as a subject
for cultivation in a sunny window-garden it possesses decided merit.

As with most plants of succulent character, this Kleinia must
be provided with an open, well-drained soil—not too rich in nitro-
genous matter and containing lime in some form or other. A satis-
factory compost consists of loam, leaf-mold, sharp sand, and some
old lime-rubble or broken brick mixed in such proportions that it
is of a coarse, open character. Ample drainage must be provided
in the bottom of the receptacles in which the plants are grown.

While it will exist if given but a minimum of moisture, this
Kleinia must not be kept too dry if it is to be seen at its best,
and the compost in which it is grown should be maintained in a
moderately moist condition at all times but more especially during
the growing season.

Propagation is readily effected by means of cuttings of the
leaves or stems inserted in sand. Seed is also satisfactory.

This species is native to the Karroo region of Cape Colony,
South Africa, where it grows as a succulent shrub or small tree
under desert conditions.

The genus Kleinia is named in honor of J. Th. Klein, a German
zoologist. The specific name ficovdes refers to the resemblance of
this species to some species of fig-marigolds (Mesembryanthemum)
which were named Ficoides by some early botanical writers.

The fieoid Kleinia is a succulent, branching, tree-like shrub
reaching a height of about six feet, the entire plant powdery-
elaucous, thus having a bluish-white appearance, but dark, bluish-
green beneath the bloom. The leaves are alternate, with a ‘dilated,
sessile base, linear, two and a half to four inches lone, nearly terete,

62 ADDISONIA

very slightly compressed laterally, flattened, with a prominent,
shallow groove on the upper surface. The inflorescence is an axil-
lary, long-pedunculate, corymbiform cyme. Each involucre is on
a stout peduncle subtended by a single bractlet, with two or three
bractlets on the peduncle. Three bractlets at the base of the in-
volucre form an involucel. The involucre is cylindrical, the bracts
linear, tapering to a blunt, translucent tip, this tip pubescent with
minute, glandular hairs. The bracts are in two series, but connate
into what appears to be a single series, the outer with a narrow,
hyaline, entire margin, one indistinct central nerve and two
prominent lateral nerves; the inner with a broad, hyaline, finely
erose-ciliate margin, and one prominent mid-nerve and two indis-
tinet laterals. These are three-eights of an inch long, the bodies
thickened, the transparent margin of the outer interlocked between
the body of the inner and its wide margin, thus connate. The
receptacle is shallowly alveolate. The disc-florets are about one-
fourth of an inch long, the pale yellow-green tube longer than the
campanulate white throat, the five ovate limbs sharply recurved,
white. The filaments are greenish, longer than the yellow-brown
anthers. The style is very long, exserted beyond the stamens, its
two sharply recurved forks terminating in short-conical appendages,
surrounded by a ring of hairs, appearing penicillate. The ovary is
ten-ribbed, finely white silky-pubescent on the ribs. The pappus
is composed of numerous soft, capillary, barbellate bristles but
slightly shorter than the corolla.
T. H. Everett,

EDWARD J. ALEXANDER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Tip of a flowering stem and the inflorescence.
Fig. 2.—A floret X 6. Fig. 3.—Cross-section of a leaf.

weak
eae

PLATE 576 ADDISONIA

M E-Eaton.

HIBISCUS CARDIOPHYLLUS

ADDISONIA 63

(Plate 576)
HIBISCUS CARDIOPHYLLUS

Tulipan del monte
Native of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico

Family MALVACEAE Mautow Family

Hibiscus cardiophyllus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 22. 1852.

As recorded under Manfreda variegata in this number of
Addisonia, several plants from the two extreme southern tips of
land of the continental United States are discussed and illustrated.
Two states are concerned, Florida and Texas. Both regions are
rich in mallows. Fourteen genera of the Mallow family and also
many of the species are duplicated in the two areas. However,
it would not be fair to compare numbers in this case, for although
Florida extends nearly a degree and a half further south than
Texas, the latter extends about five degrees further north. In addi-
tion, Texas is about four and a half times as large as Florida, and
has altitudes up to 9000 feet, while Florida shows a maximum alti-
tude of little over 350 feet. Partly as a result of size and altitude,
Texas can boast of about eighty species of malvaceous plants as
against about fifty in Florida.

Mallows as a whole inhabit all kinds of regions and plant asso-
ciations. The mallow under consideration is one of a large number
of plants representing many families, that have developed or have
been isolated in the Texano-Mexican region of the Rio Grande.
This plant association is one of extreme interest and is being made a
special study at the Garden.

This peculiar flora was brought to light about the middle of the
past century. The two main contributing sources furnishing in-
formation were the Mexican War and the Mexican Boundary Sur-
vey. Privates, officers, surgeons, settlers, and traders connected
with the army collected specimens, and special collectors on the
Survey did very thorough work in that field.

Most all of the well-known American botanical collectors of the
middle of the nineteenth century found this hibiscus either in
northeastern Mexico or southern Texas. The earliest collection, in
Mexico, seems to have been by Thomas Coulter about 1825. The
earliest collection in Texas was in 1849 by Charles Wright.
Hibiscus is an ancient Greek and Latin name of unknown meaning.

This hibiscus is nowhere very abundant. It occurs as a low
shrub in well-drained lands, preferring sandy or gravelly hillsides

64 ADDISONIA

and sloping flats. It flowers from spring to fall, and most abun-
dantly after heavy rains. Its more interesting associates are a
joint-fir (Ephedra), creosote-bush or gobernadora (Covillea), ber-
retta (Helietta), junco (Koeberlinia), tasajillo (Opuntia lepito-
caulis), and dahlia-cactus (Wilcoxria Poselgeri), all plants of a
desert or semi-desert character. Its range is within territory occu-
pied by Spanish speaking people, therefore it has no English name.
The Mexicans eall it ‘‘Tulipén del monte’’ and sometimes ‘‘Malva
rosa del monte.’’ From the road side it is often mistaken for
Pavonia lasiopetala and the Mexicans make no distinction.

The plants grow ordinarily rather indifferently under glass at
the Garden, but flower and fruit every year. However, with prop-
erly prepared soil and adjusted light conditions this plant might
well be made an attractive conservatory subject. It is a splendid
ornamental shrub, and will do well in rock gardens of the South.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus is an erect shrub, usually about two feet
tall. The stem is much branched and the branches are densely
pubescent with short close-set hairs among which are scattered
longer hairs, usually giving an almost velvety effect. The leaves
are alternate, with stout petioles, which are pubescent like the
branches. The blades are somewhat rhombic-ovate or rhombic-
reniform, or even suborbicular, mostly one to three inches long,
obtuse or acutish, dentate or crenate-dentate, five- to seven-ribbed
from the base, green and copiously fine-pubescent above, grayish
or brownish and densely fine-pubescent beneath and somewhat
velvety, cordate at the base. The subulate curved stipules are
often persistent after the leaves fall. The flowers are long-
stalked, with the stalks exceeding the petioles and even the leaves.
The branchlets of the involucel are eight to eleven, linear-
lanceolate or linear-elliptic, acuminate, one-half to five-eighths of
an inch long, somewhat three-ridged, light-green. The calyx is
five-lobed, with the lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, three-fourths
of an inch to an inch long, or longer in fruit, acuminate, five-
ribbed, the ribs with long hairs, the intervals with short hairs.
The corolla is red, an inch and a half to two and a fourth inches
wide. The petals are spreading, obliquely obovate, rounded and
undulate at the apex. The staminal column is one-half to three-
fourths of an inch long, and the anthers are yellow. The ovary is
ellipsoid, glabrous. The style is one-half to three-fourths of an
inch long, the five free parts about as long as the united part, or
slightly shorter. The stigmas are yellow. The capsule is globose-
ovoid to depressed-globose, one-half to three-fourths of an inch in
diameter, with long hairs along the sutures. The seeds are hairy.

JoHN K. SMALL,

Ropert RuNYON.
EXPLANATION OF Prats. Fig. 1.—A flowering branch. Fig. 2.—A petal. Fig. 3.—

A mature capsule with the calyx and involucel removed. Fig, 4.—An opened capsule,
showing the dehiscence,

INDEX
Bold-face type is used for the Latin names of plants illustrated; SMALL
CAPITALS for Latin names of families illustrated and for the names of the
authors of the text; italics for other Latin names, including synonyms,

Aceituna blanca, 1
Agave variegata, 49
Agrimonia, 19
Eupatoria, 19
Eupatoria hirsuta, 19
gryposepala, 19, plate 554
hirsuta, 19
Agrimony, Hairy, 19, 20
Aguacero, 3
Aleli, 3
ALEXANDER, EDWARD J.: Agrimonia
gryposepala, 19; Clytostoma callis-
tegioides, 31; Helianthus strumosus,
25; Sphaeralcea umbellata, 21
ALEXANDER, EDWARD J., and EVERETT,
T. H.; Kleinia ficoides, 61; Pit-
cairnia corallina, 51
Allegheny evening-primose, 55, 56
Allium cernuum, 56
AMARYLLIDACEAE ;
gata, pl. 569
Amaryllis family, 49
Amelanchier, 35
Amsonia, 24
ludoviciana, 23, plate 556
APOCYNACEAE; Amsonia ludoviciana,
pl. 556
Apple family, 33
AQUIFOLIACEAE; Ilex myrtifolia, pl.
564
Aquilegia canadensis, 56
Arnold thorn, 33, 34
ASCLEPIADACEAE; Asclepias lanceolata,
pl. 658
Asclepias, 17, 27
curassavica, 28
decumbens, 27
lanceolata, 27, 28, plate 558
paupercula, 27, 28
Rolfsii, 27
rubra, 28
tuberosa, 27
Avocado, 45

Manfreda_ varie-

Berretta, 64
Bay, Dune, 45, 46
Begonia, 57
Merrittti, 57
nigritarum, 57
oxysperma, 57
parva, 57
Wadei, 57, 58, plate 573
Begonia family, 57
Begonia, Wade’s, 57
BEGONIACEAE; Begonia Wadei, pl. 573

Berlandiera, 17
Bignonia,
callistegioides, 31
picta, 31
speciosa, 31
BIGNONIACEAE; Clytostoma callistegi-
oides, pl. 560
Bignonia family, 31
Bignonia, Purple, 31, 32
Black-alder, 39
Bleue, Pomette, 33
Blueberry family, 35
Box-huckleberry, 55
Britton, N. L.; Brunfelsia americana,
3; Exogonium solanifolium, 9;
Ghinia spinosa, 5; Osmia geranit-
folia, 15; Phthirusa caribaea, 7;
Portulaca poliosperma, 13; Stegno-
sperma halimifolia, 11; Symplocos
martinicensis, 1
BROMELIACEAE; Pitcairnia corallina,
pl. 570
Brunfelsia, 3
americana, 3, plate 546
americana pubescens, 3

Cacalia ficoides, 61
CacTACEAE; Harrisia fragrans, pl.
559; Harrisia Simpsonti, pl. 574
Cactus family, 29, 49, 59
Cambustera de costa, 9
Campanula rotundifolia, 55
Candy-weed, 17
CAPRIFOLIACEAE; Lonicera Morrowt
xanthocarpa, pl. 563; Viburnum
Wrightii, pl. 568
Capsicum, 46
Cardero, 5
Cardinal flower, 56
CARDUACEAE; Helianthus struwmosus,
pl. 557; Kleinia ficoides, pl. 575;
Osmia geraniifolia, pl. 552
Cassena, 39
Cayenne-pepper, 46
Chirita, 53
Blumei, 53
Horsfieldii scabrida, 53
lavandulacea, 53, 54, plate 571
Chirita, Lavender, 53
Christmas-berry, 41, 42
Clytostoma callistegioides, 31, plate
560
Cockspur-thorn, 33
Columbine, 56
COMMELINACEAE; Tradescantia longi-
folia, pl. 558

66

CoNVOLVULACEAE; Eaogonum solani-

folium, pl. 549
Convolvulus filiformis, 9
Cooperia, 49
Coral Piteairnia, 51
Covillea, 49, 64
Crataegus, 33

Arnoldiana, 33, 34, plate 561

Creole Phlox, 23, 24
Creosote-bush, 64
Curculigo, 51

Dahlia-cactus, 49, 64
Dahoon-holly, 39
Dendropemon caribaeus, 7
Diamorpha pusilla, 55
Didymocarpus Horsfieldii, 53
Dodecatheon Meadia, 56
Dogbane family, 23
Dotted haw, 33

Downy haw, 33

Dune bay, 45, 46

Dune red-bay, 45

English hawthorn, 33
Ephedra, 64
sinica, 43
Eriogonum Alleni, 55
Eupatorium geraniifolium, 15
Evening-primrose, Allegheny,
Evening-primrose family, 55
Everett, T. H.; Chirita lavandulacea,
53
Everett, T. H., and ALEXANDER, Ep-
warp J.; Kleinia ficoides, 61; Pit-
cairnia corallina, 51
Everglade milkweed, 27, 28
Exogonium, 9
arenarium, 9
filiforme, 9
microdactylon, 9
solanifolium, 9, plate 549

55, 56

Ficoid Kleinia, 61

Ficoides, 61

Fig-marigold, 61
Florida-gooseberry, 35, 36
Fragrant prickly-apple, 29, 30

Gaylussacia brachycera, 55
Geranium-leaved Osmia, 15
GESNERIACEAE; Chirita lavandulacea,
pl. 571
Gesneria family, 53
Ghinia, 5
spinosa, 5, plate 548
werbenacea, 5
Globe-mallow, Umbellate, 21
Gobernadora, 64
Gooseberry, 35
Grass-pink, 27
Green-eyes, 17

ADDISONIA

Green-haw, 33
Grossularia, 35

Hairy Agrimony, 19, 20
Halberd-leaved hibiscus, 56
Halimium, 11
Hamatocactus, 49
Harrisia, 29, 59
Aboriginum, 29
fragrans, 29, plate 559
Simpsonii, 29, 59, plate 574
Haw, 33
Dotted, 33
Downy, 33
Green, 33
May, 33
Searlet, 33
Hawthorn, 33
Hedge, 33
thorn, 33
Hedgehog-cactus, 49
Helianthus, 25
strumosus, 25, plate 657
Helietta, 49, 64
Hibiscus, 55, 63
cardiophyllus, 63, 64, plate 576
militaris, 56
Rosa-sinensis, 21
Hibiscus, 63, 64
Halberd-leaved, 56
Hicaquillo, 7
Holly, 39, 40
Myrtle, 40
Myrtle-leaved, 39, 40
Holly family, 39
Honeysuckle, 37
Morrow’s, 37
Tatarian, 37, 38
Yellow-fruited form of Morrow’s,

37
Honeysuckle family, 47
Horse-mint, 23
Huaco, 49, 50
Runyon’s, 49
Hydnocarpus, 43

Tlex,
Cassine, 39, 40
Cassine myrtifolia, 39
Dahoon myrtifolia, 39
myrtifolia, 39, plate 564
opaca, 40
verticillata, 39
vomitoria, 39
Ipomoea,
filiformis, 9
solanifolia, 9

Joint-fir, 64
Junco, 64
Justicia, 27

ADDISONIA

Kleinia, 61

ficoides, 61, plate 575
Kleinia, Ficoid, 61
Koeberlinia, 49, 64

Laurus, 45
Lavender Chirita, 53
Lenophyllum, 49
Limodorum, 27
Lobelia, 27
cardinalis, 56
Lonicera, 37
bella, 37, 38
Morrowi, 37, 38
Morrowi xanthocarpa, 37, plate
563
tatarica, 37, 38
LORANTHACEAE; Phthirusa caribaea,
pl. 548

MALACEAE; Crataegus Arnoldiana, pl.
561
Mallow family, 21, 63
Malva umbellata, 21
MALVACEAE; Hibiscus cardiophyllus,
pl. 576; Sphaeralcea wmbellata, pl.
555
Manfreda, 49
maculata, 49
tigrina, 49
virginica, 49
variegata, 49, 63, plate 569
Mariscus jamaicensis, 27
May, 33
haw, 33
Maybush, 33
MeErRRILL, E. D.;
wongsei, 43
MERRILL, KE. D., and QUISUMBING, E.;
Begonia Wadei, 57
Mesembryanthemum, 61
Milkweed, 17
everglade, 27, 28
Milkweed family, 27
Milkwort, 17
Mistletoe family, 7
Monarda, 23, 24
Morning-glory family, 9
Morrow’s honeysuckle, 37
Yellow-fruited form of, 37
Myrtle-holly, 40
Myrtle-leaved holly, 39, 40

Solanum Sanit-

Oenothera, 55
argillicola, 55, plate 572
Onagra argillicola, 55
ONAGRACEAE; Oenothera argillicola, pl.
572
Onion, Wild, 56
Opuntia, 49
leptocaulis, 64
Orpine family, 49
Osmia, 15
borinquensis, 15

67

geraniifolia, 15, plate 552
Osmia, Geranium-leaved, 15

Pale-leaved wood-sunflower, 25
PALMER, E, J.; Crataegus Arnoldiana,
33
Persea, 45
littoralis, 45
Phlox, Creole, 23, 24
Phthirusa, 7
caribaea, 7, plate, 548
PHYTOLACCACEAE; Stegnosperma hali-
mifolia, pl. 550
Picrococcus floridanus, 35
Pineapple family, 51
Pitcairnia, 51, 52
corallina, 51, plate 570
Piteairnia, Coral, 51, 52
Pokeweed family, 11
Polycodium, 35, 36
floridanum, 35, plate 562
Polygala, 17
Polygonella, 17
Pomette Bleue, 33
Portulaca, 13
grandiflora, 13
oleracea, 13
poliosperma, 13, plate 551
Portulaca, Sand, 13
PORTULACACEAE ;
sperma, pl. 551
Potato family, 3, 41, 43
Prickly-apple, 29, 30, 59, 60
Fragrant, 29, 30
Simpson’s, 59, 60
Prickly-pear, 29, 49
Pseudotaenidia montana, 55
Purple bignonia, 31, 32
Purslane, 13
Purslane family, 13

Portulaca _ polio-

Quamoclit filiforme, 9
QUISUMBING, E., and Merrit, EH. D.;
Begonia Wadei, 57

Rain-lily, 49

Rain-tree, 3

Red-bay, 45

Dune, 45

Red-haw, 33

Rock-rose family, 11

Roettlera Horsfieldii, 53

RosacEaE; Agrimonia gryposepala, pl.
554

Rose family, 19

Runyon, RoBert, and SMALL, J. K.;
Hibiscus cardiophyllus, 63

Runyonia, 49

Runyon’s huaco, 49

Sabbatia, 27

Sand portulaca, 13
Sandhill spiderwort, 17, 18
Saw-grass, 27

Searlet haw, 33

68

Serub-bay, 45
Sedum, 49
ternatum, 56
Senecio, 55, 61
antennariifolius, 55
ficoides, 61
Service-berry, 35
Shooting-star, 56
Simpson’s prickly-apple, 59, 60
SMALL, JOHN K.; Amsonia ludovici-
ana, 23; Asclepias lanceolata, 27;
Harrisia fragrans, 29; Harrisia
Simpsonii, 59; Ilex myrtifolia, 39;
Manfreda variegata, 49; Oenothera
argillicola, 55; Polycodium florida-
num, 35; Solanum Blodgettii, 41;
Tamala littoralis, 45; Tradescantia
longifolia, 17
SMALL, J. K., and Runyon, ROBERT;
Hibiscus cardiophyllus, 63
SOLANACEAE; Brunfelsia americana,
pl. 546; Solanum Blodgettii, pl. 565;
Solanum Sanitwongsei, pl. 566
Solanum, 9, 41, 43
Blodgettii, 41, plate 565
indicum, 44
Sanitwongsei, 43, 44, plate 566
Solanum, Siamese, 43
Sphaeralcea, 21
umbellata, 21, plate 555
Spiderwort, Sandhill, 17, 18
Spiderwort family, 17
Starry-stonecrop, 56
Stegnosperma, 11
cubense, 11
halimifolia, 11, plate 550
Stegnosperma, 11
Sunflower, Pale-leaved wood, 25
Sweet-leaf family, 1
SYMPLOCACEAE; Symplocos martini-
censis, pl. 545
Symplocos, 1
latifolia, 1
martinicensis, 1, plate 545
tinctoria, 1

Tamala, 45
Borbonia, 45

ADDISONIA

littoralis, 45, plate 567
Tamonea spinosa, 5
Tasajillo, 64
Tatarian honeysuckle, 37
TEUSCHER, H.; Lonicera Morrowt
zanthocarpa, 37; Viburnum
Wrightii, 47
Thistle family, 15, 25, 61
Thorn, 33
hedge, 33
Thorn-apple, 33
Tradescantia
longifolia, 17, plate 558
virginiana, 17
Trifolium virginicum, 55
Trumpet-creeper family, 31

Umbellate globe-mallow, 21

VACCINIACEAE; Polycodium floridanum,
pl. 562

VERBENACEAE; Ghinia spinosa, pl. 547
Vervain family, 5
Virburnum, 47

dilatatum, 47

furcatum, 47

phlebotrichum, 47

theiferum, 47

Wrightii, 47, 48, plate 568
Viburnum, 47

Wright’s, 47
Viorna albicoma, 55

Wade’s begonia, 57
Water-willow, 27
Wilcozxia, 49
Poselgeri, 64
Wild-cotton, 56
Wild onion, 56
Winterberry, 39
Wire-weed, 17
Wood-sunflower, Pale-leaved, 25
Wright’s viburnum, 47

Yaupon, 39
Yellow-fruited form
honeysuckle, 37

of Morrow’s

RECENT PLATES

PLATE 545. SYMPLOCOS MARTINICENSIS PLATE 553. TRADESCANTIA LONGIFOLIA
PLATE 546. BRUNFELSIA AMERICANA PLATE 554, AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA
PLATE 547. GHINIA SPINOSA PLATE 555, SPHAERALCEA UMBELLATA
PLATE 548. PHTHIRUSA CARIBAEA PLATE 556. AMSONIA LUDOVICIANA

PLATE 549. EXOGONIUM SOLANIFOLIUM PLATE 557. HELIANTHUS STRUMOSUS
PLATE 550. STEGNOSPERMA HALIMIFOLIA PLATE 558, ASCLEPIAS LANCEOLATA
PLATE 551, PORTULACA POLIOSPERMA PLATE 559. HARRISIA FRAGRANS

PLATE 552. OSMIA GERANIIFOLIA PLATE 560. CLYTOSTOMA CALLISTEGIOIDES

PLATE 561. CRATAEGUS ARNOLDIANA

PLATE 562. POLYCODIUM FLORIDANUM

PLATE 563. LONICERA MORROW! XANTHOCARPA
PLATE 564. ILEX MYRTIFOLIA

PLATE 565. SOLANUM BLOGETTII

PLATE 566. SOLANUM SANITWONGSEI

PLATE 567. TAMALA LITTORALIS

PLATE 568. VIBURNUM WRIGHTII

PLATE 569,
PLATE 570.
PLATE 571.
PLATE 572.
PLATE 573.
PLATE 574.
“PLATE 575.
PLATE 576.

CONTENTS

MANFREDA VARIEGATA
PITCAIRNIA CORALLINA
CHIRITA LAVANDULACEA
OENOTHERA ARGILLICOLA
BEGONIA WADE!

HARRISIA SIMPSONII
KLEINIA FICOIDES
HIBISCUS CARDIOPHYLLUS

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